Mango production 5 meters. In some countries it can BPOW as high 4) meters. It has dense flnge, producing a heavy dude which suppresses weed growth underneath. the fruit is a large drupe which ranges from 5-30cm inlength, depending on. the variety. The flesh is orange in color and sweet when’ nature and ripe. Inside the fru, there is a stone with @ bard fibrous endocarp, whieh oe a small brown oF . seed, ~ Biruits than 7 wild fruit we ae a yd mers bo! fover 1 Figure 13.1: Mango tree 13.1. The importance of fruits poth cultivated and wild & orded to the cultivate no wond appearing fruits oo n the wild ones, are slowly ther growingBithelimportance of mangocs with your teacher, a) Your teacher consolidates the importance of mangoes, Fruits are very important in the social and economic life of people dug following: a) ‘They are consumed locally in rural and urban areas provid source of vita , minerals and water. ae b) Farmers sell fruits for their income. rect! ¢) Fruits can be exported for foreign exchange Ist d) They are used as raw materials in some agro-industries to prada such as Mal awi Mangoes in Salima. Figure 13.2: Mango fruit juice . es + stive system are a good source of laxative effect. in our digestive 978 ting the likelthand of'cahetination e) Figure 13.3: A ripe . mango in Israel Figure 13.4: C106 Cross sectionjg ientify different mango varieties 32 ‘0 varieties in Malawi “my vo different ma characterised by Ady i ar “ities, size, shape and colour. Several factors are sew’ iuetent er Pan ay arduction and these include varieties, cultural practice. — fr tb, these lower the quality and quantity of the mangoes i portant to choose high yielding variet nerefore import ie ng varieties that produce m tisther sired quality. Cultural practices like pro} sna hang, ihe desired quality. Cul rect like proper planting, manuring t tion from pests and diseases and careful harvesting need to maintair Me ag anit you will learn how this is done. n Salin fi@living different varieties of mangoes + Brainstorm characteristics of different mango varieties j J) Taste the mango fruit s of different varieties of mangoes with your }* Discuss the characteris | teacher: * Your teacher will summarize for you the characteristics of different [mango varieties. In Mt vat hich ave big and sweet, and small mangoe iil Kambulutu, which have a good flavour and ai itt e a goo oa have flesh with strings (fibrous) and world market ® Describe the taste of mango fruit i Boloma, Domasi and a lalawi, the common local mango varieties are : ach as Waka, Kap: » popular locally. 1 therefore, not acceptable gs oF free from string These 4 7 bg: 9 NaNO varieties are good for export, ‘The fresh is free tt bo wel “king them good for export. During ripening, t t "with a red or purple blush colour. den Colo The Hoyt is large in size 400- Nit 1, Maso ection is early in the me, The f Suitable for hot dry “here pcuitis well-coloured igure 1 ent f aD goes nt flavor.Unfortunately it is susceptible to anthracnose disease. Davis Haden It is much larger than Haden, up to 900g; fruit production is mid-se, like Haden, but is resistant to anthracnose. Zill 280N, Ig Is a medium size fruit up to 300-400g; oval in shape, has rounded base rounded apex and early season fruit. Have thin skin which is yelloy scarlet to dark red when ripe. The fruits flesh is yellow, fibreless, havea yt smell and strong aroma; have excellent internal qualities and keep wel te trees grow vigorously and develop large spreading canopy. They are sutahig for all typical mango are “a Figure 13.6 Zill type of magoes — Irwin has a fragrance aal ‘The fruit is medium in size up to 450g and 12 cm long, | grows to a height no fibers; fruit production is early in the season. The tree 5-7 m with long dark green leaves. is elongated ait with a dark for most arts ik spot and si Flowers are one foot long and have purple panicles. Fruit slightly flattened but oval shaped; orange to pink in colour blush; excellent internal and external quality and suitable However they are susceptible to anthracnose, bacterial blacl end rot.pate" 700g; fruit season; fruit they are fruit 600 is late in the g, However e acterial black spot $: Palmer type of mangoes tommy Artkins a long shelf life. It is tolerant to ing and transportation with little or dation. The colour of Figure 13 Artkins type of mangoes | Kent vigorous: | 1 gows to over 10m long. It bit and an 33) Bower, has compact growth ‘ os, fut i es canopy. Fruit is large, oval shaped spol yi greg ith sweet flavour and weighs up to ttl et usually turn greenish-yellow dsUhyek®™ | Mere ish colour as they mature Fruit rer J rans latin the season high yielding | "ty and suitable for hot areas. At Figure 13.9: Kent type of mangoes iH agit? all i’ ie ie a J ssh tte than other varieties; trees grow vigoro ay nade ape J Mets pone’ 7m-Fruits are large, oval in shape and have fred bs », thick fruits whose skin colour is green 169)Anderson It is large in size up to 1 kg; 28em long and slender contatning a small peak. Its skin is thick and has a green to yellow colour with some crimson bjy ish. It is suitable for canning. ‘Mango production requires looking for characteristic a as yield, resistang to diseases and good internal and external quality of :s fr i In Malawi, i, is important to grow varieties which mature earlier or later than existing ya, rieties in order to extend the mango season. Malawian mangoes are disliked ‘at international fresh fruit market because they are fibrous that is the fresh is stringy. However, they can still be exported for processing into juice ang chutney. Asi B i faite mango production is important since it determines the @ Y of the crop. A good site should be: Gans + pH optim BA, Site fe The site for mé sreessful estakwith no fiber. It is a very late season tree howe woot seal Fase resistant depth the soil depth should be deep to allow extensive roots « soil ee A deep, fertile, sandy loam soil that drains well doveloP” well soil should be free of water-logging. It should be of low wat fertile soil should be selected for mango production fertile soil a sjopes facing sunshi a It is sensitive to cold ne grow on east-west slope. Mangoes do well in on sunsbine i i ape galinity Mangoes have a low tolerance to salts Altitude they do well at altitudes below 600m. 'The yields are low * ‘t higher altitudes, although some upland varieties produce a reasonable yield at altitudes as high as 1,500m Rainfall mangoes are drought tolerant, but they need a minimum rainfall of 650mm per annum and a dry period for flowering and fruiting, Rainfall during flowering reduces yield + pHoptimum pH range is 5, 134, Site for transplanting mango seedlings ‘he site for mango production must be prepared very well to ensure that sinessful establishment cher should invite a resource person to involved in preparing the site, ch sting and preparation dig sa ; Maine et of hig trees by use of axes, machete and sometimes big Mag, “aterpillars. Land is levelled and stumps burned. ‘ i , i rm NBS are raised in the nursery. Nurseries are sited on light wa" >mangoes ling mango seedlings iF iesource person should de trate how to transplant mal seedlings Transplant the mango seed|ir llowing the demonstrated jure resource person der w to apply muleh mango seed]: around the mango seedlings P Seedlings are ready for transplant n field between 6 - 12 moni Those ready for budding a oi iI thick. They are planted is pines depth a the roots are not distil Sowing or transpl. d be e beginning of the rainy sr (December or January) for successful establishment. Holes aré filled, fr to hold water. Watering show’ and a basin is made around the seedlin diately and during the first year (whenever neces) ary) done imn seedling with dry Bra ii, ation Ta" eal pore evel Mulching by covering the soil around the > ps ree t0P vegetative matter ec ture by reducing the eva mulching material should not come in contact with the fruit termite damage erves moiigure 13-11: mangoes damaged by insects 13.6. How to weed the mango orchard a misance in a field of every crop, so they must be removed from nce they are seen. Weeding » 1g0 field cannot be the same as in Weeds are the field 0” ow to transplant ma how to weed a mango orchard the methods of weeding he demonstrated ‘appropriate weeding method for a mango orchard. smonstrate the weeding process: juree person should dei ‘mango orchard. = Weedin, in 3 . . rees 8 The rest within 3 m radius is essential when mango trees are Young. ee ecashed if not interplanted the area outside the basin should be regularly short-growing annual crops like beans, maize and cassava: pply muleh. ‘ . roots During weed control, care should be taken to avoid damaking the tree Tot heap dried weeds around the fruit tree stems ed or graz Jd be taken not Tao . jed bY livestock. Idand mature plantations, they are either slash jouorey Utes - : i i Care show! ings to Kill weeds is also used. Care13, E 7. Pests of mangoes Like any other living thing MANgoes can be attacked by several post of mangoes Tibrary, research on different pests of mangoes, 8 with your teacher the « ent pests of mangoes, Arby mango orchard to observe pests of mangoes, y the pests. o weevil The pests of mangoes a 1 disposal Seihianie weevil fering them hé - Mango scales Mango scales - Fruit flies quent sprayi uy other approy Fruit flies Mango weevil The larva stage of mango weevil enters the fruit during the early stages of fruit development and attacks the seed and eats up the seed. Point of ent) Wl Gilet and fy is not visible; the path of the larvae entry is hardened. They cause prematire WH lahyvaigy a put fall of the fruits or rotting in store. ‘ening ) 50 B Mango scales They are small, white, flat oval or elongated insects. They attack all tendet parts like leaves, stems and fruits. Scales excrete sugary subs dew) which is a host for sooty moulds. Fruit flies So fruit Flies lay eggs on the fruit. Shiny white maggots hatch and enter the fet, and grow up to 1 cm long. They eat the flesh of the fruit causing Pre! colouring of the fruit. Parts of the fresh become liquid. 13.8. How to control pests of mangoes Most local mango varieties are resistant to pest attack; but stil instances that the mangoes can be attacked by various pests. qi 1 there a.s of mangoes jnstorm different methods of controlling mango pests: xs the dif cher ferent methods of controlling mango pests with your appropriate method. Paparticular pest to control using # the selected pest SF vango weevil them and burying them or sJof the fallen fruits like picking sposa the larva will not mature. hem hen' Mango seales se of dimethoate 20WPat 85g in 14 liters of water OF cticides quent spraying by v! er appropriate insec Fruit flies et and bury fallen fruits. Spray appropriate f water and harvesting (abeycid) 50 EC at 1 ml per liter o| ripening insecticides like Fenthion fruits before insects damage Figure 13.13: Effects of id rs e)13.9. Identify ing diseases of mangoes It is impo: 1 t is important to develop skills in identification of becom, mango ¢ sy to control them before they inflict a | ict a lot of damage,” “tie ing diseases of mangoes ‘Osi 7 ising your library or Internet, research on different diseases ort your findings to the whole cla Discuss with your teacher the dis s during plenary session, s of mangoes. Wisita nearby mango orchard rly mildew 5 Identify diseases of mangoes ning fungicides jis of water ever) Diseases of mangoes are: « Anthracnose « Powderly mildew Anthracnose etioles and twist fruits and rotting reduction it young leaves (leaf spots), fruit p black spots appear on he leaf spots cause It causes discoloration of causes premature ripening of fruits, of fruits. Fruits are bitter and sug: photosynthetic area. Powdery mildew whit parts, Wie ng parts ie on the tender or actively grow! ne photosy™ yields because of the reductionof t e fruits. Whitish powder appear eventually reduce the final area, Shedding of flowers and immatur 13.10. How to control diseases of m: Proper disease control measures must be ti mough be damage is inflicted on the crop. angoes head aken early & i C6i Mango scales i J ii, Mango stone weevil i] ii, Anthracnose (b) How would you control it? 5, What is mulching and why is it important to mulch around mango seedlings? eat obtain consumed | splin the world. Ma} wvfsuffcient in the vofanimal protein, 4 demand for animal Kanjala B.M., Kaperemera N.T. Strides Agriculture Book 3, Blantyre: thrwal and urban Longman Malawi. 2011 edition Ngomwa A., Si grieu i P, Cheruiyot D. (2012) Excel & Succeed Senior ure Form 3, Lilongwe. Longhorn Publis 2012