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DBMS Labfile

computer fundation lab -3SDFG

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14 views

DBMS Labfile

computer fundation lab -3SDFG

Uploaded by

YOGENDRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

SHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL

UNIVERSITY

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

(UCS 3201)

LAB FILE
SESSION: 2024-2025

Submitted By: Submitted To:


MR. Sanjay Name- Saksham Patel
Roll No- 202310101310149
Course- BCA 3C
INDEX

FACULTY
S.NO NAME OF ACTIVITY DATE REMARKS
SIGNATURE

Queries for DDL and DML


1
commands

SQL Queries Using Logical


2 Operators

3 SQL Queries Using SQL Operators

SQL Queries Using Character,


4 Number, Date, and Group
Functions
SQL Queries For Relational
5 Algebra
SQL Queries For Extracting Data
6 From More Than One Table
SQL Queries For Sub Queries,
7 Nested Queries

8 Write Program Of PL/SQL

Concepts for Rollback, Commit,


9 Savepoints & Checkpoints

Create VIEWS, CURSORS And


10
TRIGGERS
Lab Activity 1
 Write the queries for Data Definition and Data Manipulation Language

1. Data Definition Language (DDL) Queries


 CREATE TABLE
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype constraint,
column2 datatype constraint,
...
);

Example Query:
CREATE TABLE Employees (
EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,
FirstName VARCHAR(50),
LastName VARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10, 2),
DepartmentID INT
);

CREATE TABLE Departments (


DepartmentID INT PRIMARY KEY,
DepartmentName VARCHAR(50)
);

EMPLOYEE TABLE:

DEPARTMENT TABLE:-

 ALTER TABLE
Syntax:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD (column_name datatype constraint);
Example Query:
ALTER TABLE Employees
ADD (HireDate DATE);

OUTPUT:

 TRUNCATE TABLE
Syntax:
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

Example Query:
TRUNCATE TABLE Employees;

OUTPUT:

 DROP TABLE
Syntax:
DROP TABLE table_name;

Example Query:
DROP TABLE Employees;

2. Data Manipulation Language (DML) Queries


 INSERT INTO
Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, ...)


VALUES (value1, value2, ...);

Example Query:

INSERT INTO Employees (EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Salary, HireDate,


DepartmentID)
VALUES
(1, 'John', 'Doe', 50000, '2020-01-15', 10),
(2, 'Jane', 'Smith', 60000, '2019-03-20', 20),
(3, 'Michael', 'Johnson', 55000, '2018-05-10', 30),
(4, 'Alice', 'Brown', 70000, '2021-07-25', 10),
(5, 'Emma', 'Davis', 75000, '2020-09-30', 20),

(6, 'David', 'Miller', 65000, '2017-11-13', 30),


(7, 'Sarah', 'Wilson', 80000, '2016-12-05', 20),
(8, 'Chris', 'Moore', 72000, '2021-02-18', 10),
(9, 'Sophia', 'Taylor', 53000, '2019-07-22', 30),
(10, 'Daniel', 'Thomas', 58000, '2022-03-03', 10),
(11, 'Julius', 'Nova', 65000, '2022-08-25', 20);

INSERT INTO Departments (DepartmentID, DepartmentName)


VALUES
(10, 'HR'),
(20, 'Finance'),
(30, 'Engineering');

OUTPUT:-

EMPLOYEES TABLE

DEPARTMENT TABLE

 UPDATE
Syntax:

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

UPDATE Employees
SET Salary = 55000
WHERE EmployeeID = 1;

OUTPUT:-
 DELETE
Syntax:

DELETE FROM table_name


WHERE condition;

Example Query:

DELETE FROM Employees


WHERE EmployeeID = 11;

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 2
Write SQL Queries Using Logical Operators
 AND Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 AND condition2;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000 AND DepartmentID = 10;

OUTPUT:-

 OR Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE condition1 OR condition2;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE DepartmentID = 10 OR DepartmentID = 20;

OUTPUT:-
 NOT Operator
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE NOT condition;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE NOT DepartmentID = 10;

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 3
Write SQL Queries Using SQL Operators
 Comparison Operators
Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
WHERE column1 operator value;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, LastName


FROM Employees
WHERE Salary > 50000;

OUTPUT:-

 Arithmetic Operators
Syntax:

SELECT column1 + column2 AS result


FROM table_name;

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, Salary, Salary * 0.1 AS Bonus


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
 String Operators
Syntax:

SELECT CONCAT(coulmn1, ' ', column2) AS concatenated_column


FROM table_name;

Example Query:

SELECT CONCAT(FirstName, ' ', LastName) AS FullName


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
Lab Activity 4
Write SQL Queries Using Character, Number, Date, and Group
Functions

1. Character Functions

 UPPER and LOWER


Syntax:

UPPER(string)
LOWER(string)

Example Query:

SELECT UPPER(FirstName) AS UpperFirstName, LOWER(LastName) AS LowerLastName


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-

2. Number Functions

 ROUND
Syntax:

ROUND(number, decimal_places)

Example Query:

SELECT Salary, ROUND(Salary, -3) AS RoundedSalary


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-
3. Date Functions

 CURDATE
Syntax:

CURDATE()

Example Query:

SELECT FirstName, HireDate, DATEDIFF(CURDATE(), HireDate) AS DaysEmployed


FROM Employees;

OUTPUT:-

4. Group Functions

 AVERAGE
Syntax:

SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

SELECT DepartmentID, AVG(Salary) AS AvgSalary


FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-
 SUM
Syntax:

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Sum of all employee salaries


SELECT DepartmentID, SUM(Salary) AS TotalSalaries
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-

 COUNT
Syntax:

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Count the total number of employees


SELECT DepartmentID, COUNT(EmployeeID) AS TotalEmployees
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-

 MIN
Syntax:
SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Minimum salary among employees


SELECT DepartmentID, MIN(Salary) AS MinimumSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-

 MAX
Syntax:

SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

Example Query:

-- Maximum salary among employees


SELECT DepartmentID, MAX(Salary) AS MaximumSalary
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-

 FIRST Element By Using LIMIT


Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name ASC
LIMIT 1;

Example Query:

-- First employee by EmployeeID


SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
ORDER BY EmployeeID ASC
LIMIT 1;
OUTPUT:-

 LAST Element By Using LIMIT


Syntax:

SELECT column1, column2, ...


FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name DESC
LIMIT 1;

Example Query:

-- First employee by EmployeeID


SELECT FirstName, LastName
FROM Employees
ORDER BY EmployeeID DESC
LIMIT 1;

OUTPUT:-

 GROUP_CONCAT
Syntax:

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(column_name SEPARATOR 'separator')


FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name;

Example Query:

-- List all employees in each department


SELECT DepartmentID, GROUP_CONCAT(FirstName SEPARATOR ', ') AS Employees
FROM Employees
GROUP BY DepartmentID;

OUTPUT:-

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