IT 212 – LOGIC DESIGN & DIGITAL COMPUTER CIRCUITS MODULE 1

This tutorial is meant to provide the readers to know how to point is known as integer part. Similarly, the part of the
analyze and implement the combinational circuits and number that lies to the right of the decimal point is known as
sequential circuits. Based on the requirement, we can use fractional part.
either combinational circuit or sequential circuit or combination In this number system, the successive positions to the left of
of both. After completing this tutorial, you will be able to learn the decimal point having weights of 10 0, 101, 102, 103 and so
the type of digital circuit, which is suitable for specific on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the
application. decimal point having weights of 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 and so on.
That means, each position has specific weight, which
Digital Circuits - Number Systems is power of base 10
Example
If base or radix of a number system is ‘r’, then the numbers
present in that number system are ranging from zero to r-1. Consider the decimal number 1358.246. Integer part of this
The total numbers present in that number system is ‘r’. So, we number is 1358 and fractional part of this number is 0.246.
will get various number systems, by choosing the values of The digits 8, 5, 3 and 1 have weights of 100, 101, 10 2 and
radix as greater than or equal to two. 103 respectively. Similarly, the digits 2, 4 and 6 have weights
of 10-1, 10-2 and 10-3 respectively.
In this chapter, let us discuss about the popular number
systems and how to represent a number in the respective Mathematically, we can write it as
number system. The following number systems are the most 1358.246 = (1 × 103) + (3 × 102) + (5 × 101) + (8 × 100) + (2 ×
commonly used. 10-1) +

 Decimal Number system (4 × 10-2) + (6 × 10-3)

 Binary Number system After simplifying the right-hand side terms, we will get the
 Octal Number system decimal number, which is on left hand side.
 Hexadecimal Number system

Decimal Number System

The base or radix of Decimal number system is 10. So, the

numbers ranging from 0 to 9 are used in this number system.
The part of the number that lies to the left of the decimal

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IT 212 – LOGIC DESIGN & DIGITAL COMPUTER CIRCUITS MODULE 1

Activity 1: Simplify the given decimal numbers below. Use Example

separate sheets of paper for your answer.
Consider the binary number 1101.011. Integer part of this
1.)2020.2021= number is 1101 and fractional part of this number is 0.011.
_____________________________________________ The digits 1, 0, 1 and 1 of integer part have weights of 2 0, 21,
22, 23 respectively. Similarly, the digits 0, 1 and 1 of fractional
2.)137.546=
part have weights of 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 respectively.
_____________________________________________
Mathematically, we can write it as
3.)555.123=
1101.011 = (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20) + (0 × 2-1) +
______________________________________________
(1 × 2-2) + (1 × 2-3)
4.)168.675=
After simplifying the right-hand side terms, we will get a
______________________________________________ decimal number, which is an equivalent of binary number on
left hand side.
5.)567.243=
______________________________________________
Activity 2: Simplify the given binary numbers below. Use
Binary Number System
separate sheets of paper for your answer.
All digital circuits and systems use this binary number 1.)0110.1101=
system. The base or radix of this number system is 2. So, ___________________________________________
the numbers 0 and 1 are used in this number system.
2.)1111.101=
The part of the number, which lies to the left of the binary ___________________________________________
point is known as integer part. Similarly, the part of the
3.)1101.0011=
number, which lies to the right of the binary point is known as
___________________________________________
fractional part.
4.)1011.0101=
In this number system, the successive positions to the left of
___________________________________________
the binary point having weights of 20, 21, 22, 23 and so on.
Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the binary 5.)1010.111=
point having weights of 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and so on. That means, ___________________________________________
each position has specific weight, which is power of base 2.

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IT 212 – LOGIC DESIGN & DIGITAL COMPUTER CIRCUITS MODULE 1

Activity 3: Simplify the given Octal numbers below. Use

separate sheets of paper for your answer.
Octal Number System
1.)234.567=
______________________________________________
The base or radix of octal number system is 8. So, the
numbers ranging from 0 to 7 are used in this number system. 2.)187.234=
The part of the number that lies to the left of the octal
______________________________________________
point is known as integer part. Similarly, the part of the
number that lies to the right of the octal point is known as 3.)184.333
fractional part.
______________________________________________
In this number system, the successive positions to the left of
the octal point having weights of 8 0, 81, 82, 83 and so on. 4.)976.653-
Similarly, the successive positions to the right of the octal ______________________________________________
point having weights of 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 and so on. That means, 5.)756.345=
each position has specific weight, which is power of base 8. ______________________________________________
Example
Hexadecimal Number System
Consider the octal number 1457.236. Integer part of this
number is 1457 and fractional part of this number is 0.236. The base or radix of Hexa-decimal number system is 16. So,
The digits 7, 5, 4 and 1 have weights of 8 0, 81, 82 and the numbers ranging from 0 to 9 and the letters from A to F
83 respectively. Similarly, the digits 2, 3 and 6 have weights are used in this number system. The decimal equivalent of
of 8-1, 8-2, 8-3 respectively. Hexa-decimal digits from A to F are 10 to 15.
Mathematically, we can write it as The part of the number, which lies to the left of
1457.236 = (1 × 83) + (4 × 82) + (5 × 81) + (7 × 80) + (2 × 8-1) + the hexadecimal point is known as integer part. Similarly,
the part of the number, which lies to the right of the Hexa-
(3 × 8-2) + (6 × 8-3) decimal point is known as fractional part.
After simplifying the right-hand side terms, we will get a In this number system, the successive positions to the left of
decimal number, which is an equivalent of octal number on the Hexa-decimal point having weights of 16 0, 161, 162,
left hand side. 163 and so on. Similarly, the successive positions to the right

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IT 212 – LOGIC DESIGN & DIGITAL COMPUTER CIRCUITS MODULE 1

Activity 4: Simplify the given Hexadecimal numbers below.

Use separate sheets of paper for your answer.
of the Hexa-decimal point having weights of 16 -1, 16-2, 16-
3
and so on. That means, each position has specific weight, 1.)2A4.5C7=
which is power of base 16. _______________________________________________
Example 2.)18B.2F=
Consider the Hexa-decimal number 1A05.2C4. Integer part ______________________________________________
of this number is 1A05 and fractional part of this number is
3.) 1C4.3B-
0.2C4. The digits 5, 0, A and 1 have weights of 16 0, 161,
162 and 163 respectively. Similarly, the digits 2, C and 4 have ______________________________________________
weights of 16-1, 16-2 and 16-3 respectively.
4.)A76.6D-
Mathematically, we can write it as ______________________________________________
1A05.2C4 = (1 × 163) + (10 × 162) + (0 × 161) + (5 × 160) + (2 5.)75E.34E-
× 16-1) + ______________________________________________
(12 × 16-2) + (4 × 16-3)
After simplifying the right-hand side terms, we will get a
decimal number, which is an equivalent of Hexa-decimal
number on left hand side.

The Digits: 0-9 and A-F

Hexadecimal is a base-16 number system. That means there
are 16 possible digits used to represent numbers. 10 of the
numerical values you're probably used to seeing in decimal
numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9; those values still
represent the same value you're used to. The remaining six
digits are represented by A, B, C, D, E, and F, which map out
to values of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.