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19 views17 pages

5.5 Lecture Notes Blank

FM notes

Uploaded by

richie.knupp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5.

5 Permutations and Combinations

Objectives
Definitions and Formulas.
Calculate combinations, permutations, and factorial expressions.
Determine if a problem is a permutation, combination or neither.
Context Problems
Definitions and Formulas

Permutations: A permutation of n objects taken r at a time is an


arrangement of r of the n objects in a specific order.

n!
Formula: P (n, r ) =
(n − r )!

Combinations: A combination of n objects taken r at a time is a


selection of r objects from among the n objects (with order disre-
garded).

n!
Formula: C (n, r ) =
r !(n − r )!
Calculate Permutations and Combinations

Example 1: Calculate the following.

10!
P (6, 3)
4!

P (6, 6) C (n, n − 3)

C (12, 3) P (n, n − 3)
Permutation or Combination?

Example 2:
The number of ways a group of four people can line up for a picture.
The number of four person committees that can be chosen from a group of
10 people.
The number of ways five starting basketball players can be chosen from a
team of 20 athletes?
The number of ways actors can be chosen for five roles in a play from an
acting troupe with 30 members.
The number of 2 topping pizzas that can be created from 12 topping choices
(no repeated toppings).
Calculating Combinations and Permutations
Example 3:
(i) List all the permutations of {a, b, c, d } taken 2 at a time (P (4, 2)).

(ii) List all the combinations of {a, b, c, d } taken 2 at a time (C (4, 2)). Com-
pare with the answer in part (i).
Context Problems
Example 4: The board of directors of a corporation has 10 members. In
how many ways can they choose a team of three to negotiate a merger?
Context Problems
Example 5: The board of directors of a corporation has 10 members. In
how many ways can they choose a slate of three officers, consisting of a
vice president, secretary, and treasurer?
Context Problems
Example 6: Eight horses are entered in a race in which a first, second, and
third prize will be awarded. Assuming no ties, how many different outcomes
are possible?
Context Problems
Example 7: A political pollster wishes to survey 1500 individuals chosen
from a sample of 5,000,000 adults. In how many ways can the 1500 indi-
viduals be chosen?
Context Problems
Example 8: If you have six books, in how many ways can you select four
books and arrange them on a shelf?
Context Problems
Context Problems
Example 9: A poker hand consists of 5 cards selected from a standard
deck of 52 cards.
How many different poker hands are there?

How many different poker hands consist entirely of aces and kings?
Context Problems
Example 10: Two seven-member teams play a game. After the game,
everyone shakes hands with each other once. How many handshakes take
place?
Context Problems
Example 11: In a six-team football conference, each team plays every
other team exactly once. How many matches take place in total?
Context Problems
Example 12: How many different 5-member committees can be formed from 4
teachers and 8 students if
(i) there are no restrictions.

(ii) the committee should consist of 2 teachers and 3 students.


Context Problems
Example 13: Six people go to a movie. In how many ways can they be
seated in a row of six seats if there are no restrictions?
Seating arrangements
Example 14: Three couples go on a movie date. In how many ways can they be
seated in a row of six seats so that each couple is seated together?

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