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The First Law of Thermodynamics

Basic Thermodynamics -First Low of Thermodynamics

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59 views2 pages

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Basic Thermodynamics -First Low of Thermodynamics

Uploaded by

Rudresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRST LAW FOR CYCLIC AND NON-CYCLIC PROCESSES

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that
energy cannot be created or destroyed; rather, it can only be transferred from one form to
another. This law applies to both cyclic and non-cyclic processes.

For cyclic processes:

 The system returns to its initial state after a complete cycle.

 Since the initial and final states are the same, the net change in internal energy (ΔU)
of the system is zero.

 Therefore, the heat (Q) absorbed by the system must equal the work (W) done by the
system.

 Mathematically, this can be expressed as:

o Q=W

For non-cyclic processes:

 The system does not return to its initial state after the process.

 The net change in internal energy of the system (ΔU) is not zero.

 The relationship between heat, work, and internal energy is given by the first law of
thermodynamics equation:

o ΔU = Q - W

o This equation states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to
the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system.

In summary:

 The first law of thermodynamics applies to both cyclic and non-cyclic processes.

 For cyclic processes, the net change in internal energy is zero, and the heat added to
the system must equal the work done by the system.
 For non-cyclic processes, the change in internal energy depends on the path taken
between the initial and final states, and the change in internal energy is equal to the
difference between the heat added to the system and the work done by the system.

Key Points

 The first law of thermodynamics applies to all processes, both cyclic and non-cyclic.

 In cyclic processes, the net change in internal energy is zero, so the heat added equals
the work done.

 In non-cyclic processes, the net change in internal energy is not zero, and the
relationship between heat, work, and internal energy is given by the equation ΔU = Q
- W.

Example

Consider a Carnot heat engine, which is a cyclic process. The engine takes in heat from a hot
reservoir, does work, and rejects the remaining heat to a cold reservoir. Since the engine
returns to its initial state, the net change in internal energy is zero. Therefore, the heat
absorbed from the hot reservoir must equal the work done plus the heat rejected to the cold
reservoir.

Dr.RUDRESHA S -8178788610

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