IX.

Administrative Reforms- O & M; Work Study; Work Measurement Administrative Reforms; Processes and
obstacles.
X. Administrative Law-Importance of Administrative Law; Delegated Legislation; Meaning. Types.
Advantages, Limitations, Safeguards; Administrative Tribunals.
XI. Comparative and Development Administration- Meaning, Nature and Scope of Comparative Public
Administration. Contribution of Freud. Riggs with particular reference to the prismatic sala Model. The
Concept. Scope and Significance of Development Administration. Political Economic and socio-Cultural
Context of Development Administration. The Concept of Administrative Development.
XII. Public Policy- Relevance of policy Making in Public Administration. The Processes of policy Formulation
and Implementation.
Section-1I
INDIAN ADMINISTRATION
I. Evolution of Indian Administration- Kautilya; Mughal Period; British Period.
II. Environmental Setting- Constitution, Parliamentary Democracy, Federalism, Planning, Socialism.
III. Political Executive at the Union Level- President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet
Committees.
IV. Structure of Central Administration- Secretariat, Cabinet Secretariat, Ministries and Departments. Boards
and Commissions, Field Organçation.
V. Centre State Relation- Legislative, Administrative, Planning and Financial.
VI. Public Services- All India Services, Central Services, State Services, Local Civil Services, Union and State
Public Service Commissions. Training of Civil Services.
VII. Machinery for Planning – Plan Formulation at the National Level; National Development Council, Planning
Commission; Planning Machinery at the State and District Levels.
VIII. Public Undertaking – Forms management, Control and problems.
IX. Control of Public Expenditure- Parliamentary Control; Role of the Finance Ministry; Comptroller and
Auditor General.
X. Administration of Law and Order in Bihar- Role of Central and State Agencies in Maintenance of Law and
Order.
XI. State Administration with special reference to Bihar- Governor, Chief Minister; Council of Ministers;
Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates.
XII. District Administration with special reference to Bihar– Role and Importance; District Collector; Land
Revenue, Law and order and developmental functions. District Rural Development Agency; Special
Development Programmes.
XIII. Local Administration with special reference to Bihar- Panchayati Raj and Urban Local
Government Features, Forms, Problems, Autonomy of Local Bodies.
XIV. Welfare Administration in Bihar- Administration for the Welfare of Weaker Sections With
particular Reference to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; Programmes for the Welfare of Women and
Children.
XV. Issue Areas in Indian Administration- Relationship between Political and permanent Executives. Generalists
and specialists in Administration. Integrity in Administration. People’s Participation in Administration. Redressal
of Citçen’s Grievances. Lok Pal and Lok Ayukta, Administrative Reforms in India.

26. SOCIOLOGY
Section-I
GENERAL SOCIOLOGY
1. Scientific Study of Social phenomena- Emergence of Sociology and its relationship with other disciplines,
their scope and approaches. Science and Study of social behavior, the problems of objectivity, reliability and
validity. Scientific methods and scientific language; their meaning, goals, types; elements and features. Research
Design Techniques of data collection and analysis, Attitude measurements; problems and scales. Concept of
social causation with special reference to R.M.Mac’ver.
2. Pioneering Contributions to Sociology- Theoretical beginnings- Positivism and evolutionism with reference
to Comte, Spencer and Morgan; Historical Sociology contributions of Karl Mark, Maxweber and P.A. Sorokin;
Functionalism; E. Durkheim, P.areto. Parsons and Merton, Conflict School; Gumplowicz Dahrenderf and Coser;

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Recent approaches in Sociology, Micro Sociology, Macro Sociology, Middle Range theories, Neopostitvism,
Exchange theories and Interactions Sociology.
3. Social Structure and Social Organçation; Concept and types approaches to Social Structure; Structural
functionalist school, Structuralist school and Marxist School: Elements of Social Structure-Individual and
society; social interaction; social groups, concept and types; concept of status and role, their determinants and
types, dimensions of roles in simple and complex societies, role conflict; Social Network; Basic concepts and
types, culture and personality, concepts of conformity and social control, agencies of social control; concept of
Minority Groups, their relationship with majority; Secularism versus Integration.
4. Social Stratification and Mobility-Concept, consequences and types of stratification; inequality and
stratification, Dimensions and bases of stratification; Theoretical approaches to the study of stratification,
functionalist approach and conflict approach; Social Stratification and Social Mobility; Concept of
Sankskritçation and Westernçation. Types of Mobility: intergenerational mobility, vertical versus horçontal
mobility, open and closed models of mobility.
5. Family marriage and Kinship-Structure, functions and types of family marriage and kinship; social change
and change in age and sex roles; change in marriage, family and kinship; significance of family in industrial
society.
6. Formal organçation-Elements of formal and informal structures and organçations, bureaucracy functions,
dysfunctions and characteristics, bureaucracy and political development, political socialisation and political
participation, modes of participation, democratic and authoritarian forms, voluntary organçations.
7. Economic System-Property concepts, social dimensions of division of labour; type of exchange, social
aspects of pre- industrial and industrial economic systems; industrialçation and changes in the political,
educational religious, familiar and stratificational spheres; social determinants and consequences of economic
development.
8. Political Systems-Concepts, elements and types of political systems: functions of a political system,
institutions under the political system; political processes with reference to individuals, groups, political
organçations, parties and other agencies. Concepts, bases and types of power, authority and legitimacy; Concept
of Stateless societies; political socialçation versus political participation; properties of State. Power of elites, and
masses in democracy and in totalitarian societies; political parties and voting, Leadership democratic order and
democratic stability.
9. Educational Systems- Concepts and goals of education; Schools of philosophy;- Naturalism, Idealism and
pragmatism, their bearing on education; importance of education in society, democracy, international
understanding and nationalism. New trends in education; Role of various agencies-school home society state and
religion in education and socialçation. Population Education- its concepts and components, Education as a
medium of cultural reproduction, indoctrination, social stratification, mobility and modernisation.
10. Religion- The religious phenomenon; the concepts of sacred and protan, social functions and dysfunctions of
religion, magic religion and science, social change and religious secularisation.
11. Social change and development- Factors of social change, economic, biological and technological; Theories
of social change- evolutionary, functional and conflict; social change, modernisation and development;
Democratisation equality and social justice; social reconstruction.
Section- 1I
SOCIETY OF INDIA
1. Indian Society- Features of traditional Hindu Social Organisation, Socio-cultural dynamics through the ages,
impact of Buddhism, Islam and West on Indian Society, factors in continuity and change.
2. Social Stratification- Caste system and its transformation, Economic Structural and Cultural view about
Caste, origin of the Caste system, issues of inequality and social justice among Hindu and Non-Hindu castes,
Caste mobility, Casteism, Backward caste versus Backward Classes, Scheduled Caste and untouchability,
changes among Scheduled Castes, eradication of untouchability, industrial and agrarian class structures, rising
trends in inter caste relations in Bihar under the impact of Mandal Commission and its reservation policy.
3. Family, Marriage and Kinship: Regional variation in Kinship system and its socio-cultural correlates,
changing aspects of Kinship, The joint family system its structural and functional aspects, its changing form and
disorgançation, Marriage among various ethnic groups, economic and Caste categories, its changing trend in
future, impact of legislation and socioeconomic changes upon family and marriage, inter caste marriages-causes
and consequences in Bihar intergeneration gap and youth unrest, changing status of women, women and social
development.

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4. Economic System: Jajmani System and its bearing on the traditional society, Market economy and its social
consequences, occupational diversification and social structure, professional Trade Unions, Social determinants
and consequences of economic development, Economic inequalities, exploitation and corruption; causes of
economic backwardness in Bihar, potentialities of economic growth in Bihar, Relationship between economic
growth and social development with specific reference to Bihar.
5. Political System: Functioning of a democratic political system in a traditional society, political parties and
their social composition, origin of political elites and their social orientation, decentralçation of power, political
participation, voting pattern in Bihar, relevance of Caste, community and economic factor in voting behaviour in
Bihar, its changing trends, Functions dysfunctions and characteristics of India Bureaucracy, Bureaucracy and
political development in India, concept of mass society, Socio-political sources of mass movement in India.
6. Educational System: Education and society in the traditional and modern contexts, educational inequality
and change, education and social mobility, educational problems of women, Backward Classes and the
Scheduled Castes, causes of educational backwardness in Bihar, Functional and dysfunctional aspects of
Mushroom growth of institutions in Bihar; Prospects and problems of higher education in Bihar, New
educational Policies, Mass.
7. Religion: Demographic dimensions, geographical distribution and neighbourhood, living patterns of major
religious categories; Interreligiousinter-actions and its manifestations in the problems of conversion Minority
status, communications and secularism; impact of various religious Movernment in India. (Buddhism, Islam,
Christianity, Brahmoism and Arya Samaj movement on caste system in India; westernçation and modernçation in
Bihar; the cohesive and decisive factors, impact of growing religious and politics interrelationship of India’s
social organisation.
8. Tribal societies: Major tribal communities in India, their distinctive features; tribe and case their
acculturation and integration; problem of Bihar tribes (social, economic and Political), different approaches to
tribal welfare, constitutional and governmental safeguards; tribal movements in India. The Tanabhagat
movement, the Birsa movement and the Jharkhand movement, their significance in tribal development.
9. Rural social system and community development: Sociocultural dimensions of the village community,
traditional power structure, democratçation and leadership, poverty, indebtedness and bonded labour, social
consequences of land reforms, community Development Programme and other planned development projects of
Green Revolution, New strategies of rural development.
10. Urban Social Organçation: Continuity and change in the traditional causes of social organçation, namely
Kinship, Caste and religion in the urban context, stratification and mobility in urban communities, ethnic
diversity and community integration, urban neighbourhoods; rural urban differences in demographic and socio-
cultural characteristics and their social consequemces.
11. Population dynamics: Theories of population growth Malthusian, biological, demographic transition,
optimum population socio-cultural aspects of population composition (sex, age, martial status), determinants of
fertility, mortality and migration. Need of population policy in India; population explosion and other
determinants factors; social psychological cultural and ecomic determinants behind population acceptance of
family planning practices in India. Family Planning Programmer through first to eighth five year plans;
population education; concept, goals, aspects, agencies and techniques of population education.
12. Social Change and modernçation: Problems of role conflict youth unrest- intergenerational gap, changing
status of women. Major sources of social change and of resistance to change, impact of west reform movements,
social movements, industrialçation and urbançation pressure groups, factors of planned change, five year plans
legislative of executive measures; process of change sanskritçation, westernçation and modernçation means of
modernçation man media and education, problems of change and modernçation, structural contradictions and
break-downs. Current social evils-corruption and Nepotism Smugglling, Black Money.

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