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Basic Computer Organization

Basic computer organisation

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35 views3 pages

Basic Computer Organization

Basic computer organisation

Uploaded by

rajkishor91404
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC COMPUTER ORGANIZATION:

All computer systems perform the following five basic operations:


• Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions into the computer
system.
• Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily available for
initial or additional processing whenever required.
• Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply,
divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like equal to, less than,
greater than, etc.) on data to convert them into useful information.
• Outputting. The process of producing useful information or results for the
user such as a printed report or visual display
• Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which all of the above
operations are performed.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM:

BCA @Ritik Saxena-7505770458


INPUT UNIT:
An input unit of a computer system performs the following functions:
Data and instructions must enter the computer system before any computation can
be performed on supplied data. This task is performed by input unit. Different
input devices input data in different forms. However, regardless of the form in
which they receive their input , all input devices must transform the data into
binary codes that is acceptable in primary memory. This transformation is done by
Input Interface. Input interfaces are designed to match the unique physical or
electrical characteristics of input devices to the requirements of computer system.
In short, input unit performs the following functions:
1. It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world.
2. It converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable form.
3. It supplies the converted instructions and data to the computer system for further
processing.
OUTPUT UNIT:

An output unit of a computer system performs the following functions:


An output unit supplies information obtained from computer to outside world.
Hence it links computer with external environment. As computers works with
binary code, results produced are also in binary form. Therefore, before supplying
the results to outside world, the system must convert them to human
acceptable(readable) form. Output interfaces are used to perform this task. Output
interfaces match the unique physical or electrical characteristics of output
devices(printers etc.) to the requirements of an external environment.
In short, output unit performs the following functions:
1. It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in coded form and
hence, cannot be easily understood by us .
2. It converts these coded results to human acceptable (readable) form.
3. It supplies the converted results to outside world.
STORAGE UNIT:
The storage unit of a computer system holds (or stores) the following :
1. Data and instructions required for processing (received from input devices).
2. Intermediate results of processing.
3. Final results of processing, before they are released to an output device.

BCA @Ritik Saxena-7505770458


TWO TYPES OF STORAGE:
Primary storage
• Used to hold running program instructions
• Used to hold data, intermediate results, and results of ongoing processing of
job(s)
• Fast in operation
• Small Capacity
• Expensive
• Volatile (looses data on power dissipation)
Secondary storage
• Used to hold stored program instructions
• Used to hold data and information of stored jobs
• Slower than primary storage
• Large Capacity
• Lot cheaper that primary storage
• Retains data even without power

ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT:


Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system is the place where the actual
executions of Instructions takes place during processing operation.

CONTROL UNIT:
Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates the operations of all
other components of the computer system.

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU):


ALU+CU=CPU
• It is the brain of a computer system
• It is responsible for controlling the operations of all other units of a
computer system

BCA @Ritik Saxena-7505770458

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