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2 Simultaneous Linear and Quadratic Equations

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154 views9 pages

2 Simultaneous Linear and Quadratic Equations

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mkandawiredavie24
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MATHEMATICS

FORM 4
Chapter 2
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR AND
QUADRATIC EQUATION

Website: www.learnmalawi.com

Email: info@learnmalawi.com

Compiled By: Patrick Chipoya

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SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EQUATION

OBJECTIVES
By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
• Discuss simultaneous linear and quadratic equation
• Solve simultaneous linear and quadratic equations
• Formulate simultaneous linear and quadratic equations from practical
problems
• Solve practical problems involving simultaneous linear and quadratic
equation

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CONTENTS

• Simultaneous linear and quadratic equations


• Formulation of simultaneous linear and quadratic equations from
practical problems

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SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
This unit helps leaners to develop and promote their problem-solving skills
as well as logical and critical thinking which is a vital tool in decision
making and survival in everyday life.
Simultaneous linear equations as introduced in Junior secondary can be
solved using three different methods; substitution, elimination and
graphical.
In book 3 a fair look at quadratic equation was done and learnt how to
solve quadratic equations using graphs and, in this unit, you will learn
using substitution in solving simultaneous linear and quadratic
Activity 1: think, ink pair and share.
Solve the following equations
1. 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 5 and 2𝑦 − 𝑥 = −3
2. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 13 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1

Solutions

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟓 … … … … … (𝒊) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑 … … … … . (𝒊)
𝟐𝒚 − 𝒙 = −𝟑 … … … … … . . . (𝒊𝒊) 𝒙 − 𝒚 = 𝟏 … … … … . . (𝒊𝒊)
Using substitution:2𝑦 + 3 = Using substitution: 𝑥 = 1 +
𝑥 … . . (𝑖𝑖) 𝑦 … … . (𝑖𝑖)
Substituting in equation (i) Substituting in equation (i)
2(2𝑦 + 3) + 3𝑦 = 5 𝟏 + 𝒚 + 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟑
4𝑦 + 6 + 3𝑦 = 5 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟐
7𝑦 = −1 𝒚=𝟔

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1 Substituting 𝑦 in equation (ii)
𝑦=−
7
𝑥 =1+6
Substituting 𝑦 in equation (ii)
𝑥=7
1
2 (− ) + 3 = 𝑥
7

19
∴𝑥=
7

Solving Simultaneous Linear and Quadratic Equations


Example
Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equation
a. 𝑥𝑦 = 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5
b. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 7
Solution
Using substitution where you make one variable in the linear equation
subject of the equation and the substitute in the quadratic equation

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a. 𝑥𝑦 = 6 … … … (𝑖 ) b. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 … … … . . (𝑖)
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 … … . (𝑖𝑖) 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 7 … … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)
Using equation (ii) 𝑥 = 5 − 𝑦 Using equation (i) 𝑦 = 7 − 2𝑥
substituting in equation (i) as; substituting in equation (ii) as;
𝑦 (5 − 𝑦 ) = 6 4𝑥 2 − (7 − 2𝑥 )2 = 7
5𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 6 4𝑥 2 − (49 − 28𝑥 + 4𝑥 2 ) = 7
Solving the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2 + 28𝑥 − 49 = 7
𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 + 6 = 0 28𝑥 = 56
Factoring the equation ∴𝑥=2
(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 − 3) = 0 Substituting the value for 𝑥 in
equation (i) to obtain 𝑦
Either 𝑦 − 2 = 0 or 𝑦 − 3 = 0
𝑦 = 7 − 2(2)
∴ 𝑦 = 2 or 3
∴𝑦=3
Substituting again the values of y
to obtain x 𝑥 2
𝑦 3
Using equation (ii)
𝑥 = 5 − 𝑦 so when 𝑦 = 2
∴𝑥=3
Similarly 𝑥 = 5 − 𝑦 when 𝑦 = 3
∴𝑥=2
𝑥 2 3
𝑦 3 2

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Exercise
1. Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations
a) 2𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 27 and 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 3
b) 7𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 20 and 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 2
c) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 21 and 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 3
d) 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 11 and 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 29
2. Solve the following equations
i. 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 19 and 3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 10
ii. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 11 and 𝑥𝑦 = 2
iii. 9𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 45 and 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3
iv. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑦 2 = 9 and 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 1
v. 4𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 15 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
vi. 2𝑦 2 − 9𝑥 2 = 4 and 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2
vii. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 8 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2
viii. 𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 = 14 and 𝑥 − 5𝑦 = 2
ix. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 = 8 and 2𝑥 − 𝑦 = 1
x. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 2 = 122 and 3𝑥 = 𝑥 + 14
xi. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = 18 and 𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 2

FORMULATING SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR AND QUADRATIC


EQUATION FROM REAL LIFE PROBLEMS

Example
The area of a rectangular field is 60𝑚2 . The length is 7m more than the
width. Write down two equations from the following statement.

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Solution

Area= 60m2
Length (l)
AREA= width × length so if let width = 𝑥 𝑚 and length =𝑦 𝑚
∴ 𝑥𝑦 𝑚2 = 60𝑚2 … … … … … . . 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖)
If the length is 7𝑚 longer than the width thus
∴ (𝑥 + 7)𝑚 = 𝑦 𝑚 … … … … … . 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑖𝑖)
Solving the pair of equation
𝑥𝑦 = 60 … … … … . 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎 (𝑖 )
(𝑥 + 7) = 𝑦 … … … 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎 (𝑖𝑖)
Substituting equa (ii) into equa (i) as; 𝑥 (𝑥 + 7) = 60 → 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 60 = 0
Solving the quadratic equation by factoring (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 12) = 0
Either 𝑥 − 5 = 0 or 𝑥 + 12 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑟 − 12
Substituting in the equa (ii) to obtain the value of 𝑦;
When 𝑥 = 5, 𝑦 = 12

Exercise: Think, Ink, Pair and Share


1. The square of the hypotenuse is 100𝑐𝑚2 but the sum of the shorter
sides of a right-angled triangle is 14𝑐𝑚. Formulate a pair of equation and
use the equations to find the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
2. Two numbers have a difference of 3. The sum of their squares is 89.
Find the numbers.

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3. A rice rectangular garden has a perimeter of 40m. If the area is 91m2 ,
calculate the length of the garden.
4. Shadreck and Mike have moved from point A to B and C due north and
east respectively. The sum of the distance travelled by both is 35km. The
diagonal distance between them is 25km. How far from point A is each of
them?

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