OBJECTIVE

To establish a relationship between common logarithm (to the base 10) and natural logarithm
(to the base e) of the number x.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• Card board
• White paper
• Graph paper
• Coloured pencils
• Eraser
• Scale
• Log table
• Calculator
• Board pins or adhesive
I PROCEDURE 1
pllltl or ndlwRiv1,
• 'Take a card boffrd and th,\ ~rnµ h p:qwl' ,if i,;uitnhh1 nwni,;u1't' 1u1 it wit h t lw IH lp 111' hn11nl
as shown in l<'ig. $ . t.
• Dra" t"o pc-rp<'ndh.·ulnr hn<'s ,m µmph pn1wr n~ \ n-, h, nt\d y 11,il-l.
lo clrnw
• Csmg conunon lo~ tnbll' or St'il'ntifk t'nkulntm·. lind ~onw onll r ptiini tuplo two plrn:,• of' dccunul)
1

the graph of _, lo~10..\'.

• Put the ordered pairs in the fori-n of tnbll' l t\$ bL1lo" :
TABLE I : For y ::: log 10 x

_,.,.
1

0 . 00
<)
~

0 . 30
a
0..18
4

0 t.iO
(i

0.70
l1

0.7$
7

0.8·1
8
--
0.90
1-
!)

o.~Jn
- - 10

1.00
-
dccimul(s) Lo
• Using natural log tnble or scientific cnlculntor, find some ordered pnins (uplo lwo plnco of
draw the graph of y' = log,, x.
• Put the order pnirs in the form tnblc 1l ns below:
TABLE II : For y = log.x

1 2 :3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10
X

0. 00 0.69 1.10 1.39 l.Gl 1.79 l .9!l 2.08 2.20 2 30

'J' '

the points
• Now plot the ordered pairs on the snme graph paper nnd fix lhe bonrd pins on these points. Join
in Fig. 8.1.
with free hand and find the curves lo gel the graph of.}' = log1cf nnd y' = log1,x as sh own

Draw this on
graph paper
nd paste on
hite page of
yourcopy

FIGURE 8.1
IDEIHONSTRATION
• Tnke pM,thH' \ahws of\' and tnkc ns \ coonlinntc.
• Takl" tlw \'ahw of,. for both the' grnph 1.e., y logu,x und y' = log;:.
• Take the coordmnte on gn1ph pnpcl' using proper scnlc HS shown in Fjg, 8. J.

• Find the ratio y " for d1ffcrrnt positive vnlucs of x.

,, 1
• From ;,, , "c obtain the value, which will approxirnal-ely equal Lo 0.4, i.e., logr 10 .

IOBSERVATIONS
TABLE Ill
- , .
S. No. Value of x y = logHrl: y' = Iog<'x . Ratio yly' (approx.)
;.,,
✓
~

1 X =1 y =0 y' =0 Undefined

2 X =2 y = 0.30 y' = 0.69 0.30/0.69 = 0.4

3 x=3 y = 0.48 y' = 1.10 0.48/1.10 = 0.4
4 x=4 y = 0.60 y' = 1.39 0.60/1.39 = 0.4 I
5 x= 5 y = 0.70 y' = 1.69 0. 70/1.69 = 0.4

From Table III, we observe that when x > l the value of y/y' is approximately equal to 0.4 which is equa
1
to - - .
2.303
1
Thus yy' is approximately equal to loge 10 ·

logex = logel0 x log 1cr

= 2.303 x log1cr

IRESULT
From activity we get a relation
logex = log1cr x logel0
= log1cr x 2.303 or 2.303 log1cr

IAPPLICATION
This activity is used to convert the logarithm from one form to another.