ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) 2015: Baidu's Minwa supercomputer uses a special kind

of deep neural network called a convolutional neural

• Artificial intelligence leverages computers and network to identify and categorize images with a higher
machines to mimic the problem-solving and decision- rate of accuracy than the average human
making capabilities of the human mind 2016: DeepMind's AlphaGo program
2006 – Present: Driverless Vehicles, Chatbots, Automated
• Artificial intelligence (AI) makes it possible for
Robots
machines to learn from experience, adjust to new inputs,
and perform human-like tasks
TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• Computers can be trained to accomplish specific
tasks by processing large amounts of data and
recognizing patterns in the data.

Example:

Self-Driving Cars
Chess Playing Computer- Deep Blue
Chatbot

• It is the Science of making machines smart

• AI can process data and make certain kinds of 1. CAPABILITY BASED
predictions faster and more accurately than
Weak AI
humans
• Artificial Intelligence focuses on learning, reasoning, - outperforms humans in narrowly defined tasks.
problem solving, perceiving, and understanding the - Chatbot that answers customers service
human language. questions.
- Facial Recognition on Facebook
- Alexa, Google Assistant and Siri.
GOALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
Augmented AI
▪ Logical Reasoning - IBM Deep Blue
- Helping humans make better decisions, also
boosts their expertise and improves their
▪ Knowledge Representation – Smalltalk Programming
productivity.
Language
- IBM Watson for Oncology
- Humans become faster and smarter at the tasks
▪ Planning and Navigation – Self Driving Vehicles
they are performing.
▪ Natural Language Processing – Alexa, Siri Generalized AI

▪ Perception – Human Machine Interaction {Touch, - Form of “Whole Brain Emulation”, where a
Sense, Sight, Hear} machine can think and make decisions on many
different subjects.
▪ Emergent Intelligence - Emotional Intelligence and - Computers we see on science-fiction video.
Moral Reasoning - Talking to humans about many subjects.

HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence or WEAK AI
1950: Alan Turing publishes Computing Machinery and
Intelligence ▪ Refers to machines that are specialized in one area
1956: John McCarthy coins the term 'artificial and solve one problem
intelligence' at the first-ever AI conference at Dartmouth ▪ ANI model can only execute the task for which it was
College trained unable to perform beyond its area of expertise.
1960s: Department of Defense took interest in this type ▪ Apple Siri, which operates on a set of pre-defined
of work and began training computers to mimic basic functions, is one of the finest examples of ANI
human reasoning ▪ The IBM Watson supercomputer integrates machine
1967: Frank Rosenblatt builds the Mark 1 Perceptron, the learning and natural language processing with an
first computer based on a neural network that 'learned' expert systems approach
though trial and error ▪ Playing chess, product recommendations on an e-
1970s: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency commerce site, self-driving vehicles, speech
(DARPA) completed street mapping projects recognition, and image recognition are all examples of
1980s: Neural networks which use a backpropagation narrow AI.
algorithm to train itself become widely used in AI
applications
• Artificial General Intelligence or STRONG AI
1997: IBM's Deep Blue beats then world chess champion
Garry Kasparov, in a chess match (and rematch) ▪ refers to machines that exhibit human intelligence.
2002 : The first commercially successful robotic vacuum ▪ AGI can successfully perform any intellectual task that
cleaner was created a human being can.
2011: IBM Watson beats champions Ken Jennings and ▪ Movies like “Wall-E” or other sci-fi movies in which
Brad Rutter at Jeopardy! humans interact with machines and operating systems
that are conscious, sentient, and driven by emotion and • AI achieves incredible accuracy through deep
self- awareness. neutral networks- AI techniques from deep
▪ AGI is able to - reason, solve problems, make learning and object recognition can now be
judgments under uncertainty, plan, learn, integrate prior used to pinpoint cancer on medical images with
knowledge in decision-making, and be innovative, improved accuracy.
imaginative, and creative. • AI gets the most out of data- When algorithms
are self-learning, the data itself is an asset.
• Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)

▪ “Any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive

performance of humans in virtually all domains of
interest” –Nick Bostrom (Oxford Philosopher)

▪ Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) will surpass human

intelligence in all aspects—from creativity to general
wisdom to problem solving.

1. FUNCTIONALITY BASED

a. Reactive- has no memory only responds to

different stimuli (AlphaGo)
b. Limited Memory- uses memory to learn and
MACHINE LEARNING
improve its responses (Chatbots, Virtual Assistants)
c. Theory of Mind- understands the need of other • Automates analytical model building. It uses
intelligent entities (Alexa (One Way) methods from neural networks, statistics,
d. Self-Aware- has human like intelligence and self- operations research, and physics to find hidden
awareness. insights in data without explicitly being
programmed for where to look or what to
conclude.
• Machine learning is a method of data analysis
that automates analytical model building. It is a
branch of artificial intelligence based on the
idea that systems can learn from data, identify
patterns, and make decisions with minimal
human intervention.
• While artificial intelligence (AI) is the broad
science of mimicking human abilities, machine
learning is a specific subset of AI that trains a
machine how to learn

DEEP LEARNING

• Uses a huge neural network with many layers

of processing units, taking advantage of
advances in computing power and
improved training techniques to learn
complex patterns in large amounts of data.
Common applications include image and
speech recognition.
• Deep learning is a type of machine learning
that trains a computer to perform human-like
tasks, such as recognizing speech, identifying
images, or making predictions.
• Instead of organizing data to run through
IMPORTANCE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE predefined equations, deep learning sets up
basic parameters about the data and trains
• AI automates repetitive learning and discovery
the computer to learn on its own by
through data- AI performs frequents, high-
recognizing patterns using many layers of
volume, computerized tasks.
processing.
• AI adds intelligence to existing products-
automation, conversational platforms, bots, and Neural Network
smart machines can be combined with large
• A neural network is a type of machine learning
amounts of data to improve many technologies.
that is made up of interconnected units (like
• AI adapts through progressive learning
neurons) that process information by responding to
algorithms to let the data do the programming-
external inputs and relaying information between
models adapt when given new data.
each unit. The process requires multiple passes at
• AI analyzes more and deeper data using neutral
the data to find connections and derive meaning
networks that have many hidden layers.
from undefined data.
 • Spam and Malware Filtering
• Automatic Language Translation
NLP- Natural Language Processing
• Product Recommendations
• Natural language processing (NLP) is the ability of • Traffic Prediction
computers to analyze, understand, and generate • Driverless Cars
human language, including speech. The next stage
of NLP is natural language interaction, which allows
humans to communicate with computers using
POPULAR AI USE IN ENTERPRISE
normal and everyday language to perform tasks.
• It is a branch of artificial intelligence that helps 1. Cloud Pricing Optimization
computers understand, interpret, and manipulate - AI is being used by companies like Airbnb and Dropbox
human language. to optimize cloud costs and operational expenditures.
• NLP It helps computers communicate with humans These companies use AI tools to identify usage
in their language, making it possible for computers patterns, detect anomalies, identify savings
to read text, hear speech, interpret it, measure opportunities, and uncover more cost-effective
sentiment, and determine which parts are resources, ultimately reducing their dependency on
important. Amazon Web Servers (AWS) and saving nearly $75
million

2. Voice Assistants, Chatbots, & Conversational AI

- Conversational AI tools like chatbots and voice

assistants are enhancing accessibility, customer
support, and reducing IT support workloads.
Companies like Estée Lauder and Pentagon Credit
Union are utilizing these tools to streamline customer
service.

3. Uptime/Reliability Optimization

- AI is being increasingly used by major organizations

like Netflix, Uber, Facebook, Salesforce, and AirBnB to
maintain uptime and website reliability. AI scans
Computer Vision systems, networks, and processes for inefficiencies,
potential disruptions, and threats, reducing instances
• Computer Vision is a field of artificial intelligence
of crashing, hacking, and human error.
that trains computers to interpret and understand
the visual world. 4. Predictive Maintenance
• Using digital images from cameras and videos and
- AI is used in predictive maintenance at GE, Rolls-
deep learning models, machines can accurately
Royce, DC Water, and the District of Columbia Water
identify and classify objects — and then react to
and Sewer Authority to identify potential issues,
what they “see.”
improve engine efficiency, reduce carbon emissions,
• From recognizing faces to processing the live action
and streamline maintenance schedules. DC Water's AI
of a football game, computer vision rivals and
tool, Pipe Sleuth, assesses sewer pipe maintenance
surpasses human visual abilities in many areas.
needs in real-time.

5.Customer Service Operations

COMMERCIAL BUSINESS USES IN AI
- AI has become a crucial tool in customer service
• Banking Fraud Detection- from extensive data operations, helping organizations provide necessary
consisting of fraudulent and non-fraudulent support and alleviating burdens on service
transactions, the AI learns to predict if a new representatives and call centers. The COVID-19
transaction is fraudulent or not. pandemic accelerated digital transformation in
• Online Customer Support- AI is now automating Lufthansa Group's call centers. Consumer
most of the online customer support and voice expectations, such as real-time customer service and
messaging systems. consistent cross-channel experiences, have driven AI
• Cyber Security- Using machine learning algorithms use in customer service.
and sample data, AI can be used to detect
6. Personalization
anomalies and adapt and respond to threats.
• Virtual Assistants- Siri, Cortana, Alexa, and Google - AI personalization is a significant aspect of modern
now use voice recognition to follow the user's digital marketing, enabling companies to deliver
commands. They collect information, interpret what personalized experiences to users. This involves data,
is being asked, and supply the answer via fetched customer engagement, deep learning, natural
data. These virtual assistants gradually improve and language processing, and machine learning.
personalize solutions based on user preferences. Companies like Spotify, Amazon, and YouTube use AI
• Finance Sector- Analyzing stock markets to give to curate content and offer personalized
future trends and keep finances in check. recommendations. Retail giant Nordstrom also uses AI
• Manufacturing Sector- Assembling are already in its Analytical Platform to gain insights and predict
done by robotic hands in building complex systems customer activities.
such as electronic goods and automobiles
• Robotics- Automating manual repetitive tasks
7. IT Operations Management • Under Armour’s App uses AI to to collect health
information on physical activity, sleep and diet to
- AI IT operations management (AIOps) tools are
make personalized recommendations on workouts
gaining popularity for intelligent alerting, root cause
and health goals.
analysis, anomaly detection, incident auto-
• In addition to its popular Alexa devices, Amazon
remediation, and capacity optimization. Delta
uses AI to track customer spending behavior and to
Airlines has created a full-scale digital simulation
determine how many units of a specific product it
environment using AIOps to maintain reliability
anticipates customers to buy, according to
during inclement weather, enabling critical
Feedvisor.
decision-making.
• Sesame Street and International Business Machines
(IBM) partnered to create an AI-powered
vocabulary learning app.
8. Process Automation • Hilton Hotels uses a robot concierge named
- AI has proven effective in automating time- “Connie” to greet guests.
consuming processes, freeing up employees for • Apple uses AI in a host of their products, including
more complex projects. Atlantic Health System, the Face ID feature of the iPhone, Apple Watch,
Johnson & Johnson, and American Telephone and AirPods, and HomePod smart speakers, according
Telegraph (AT&T) have all used process automation to Forbes.
to streamline processes, freeing up doctors and • Facebook employs AI and deep learning to identify
nurses to focus on patients and reducing manual people in photos and also identify and remove
efforts. These companies have successfully inappropriate images.
combined Robotic Process Automation (RPA),
Machine Learning (ML), Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI IN DETECTING FLOODS- Natural Calamities
and task mining

9. Financial reporting and accounting • In the flood-prone region of Patna in northern India,
the waters were rising. But thanks in part to an
- Intuit and PWC companies are leveraging AI to artificial intelligence system, residents of the region
enhance financial planning data analysis, with Intuit received early warnings on their phones. A flood
implementing financial large language models and forecasting system that Google developed for
PWC investing $1B over three years to expand and India’s Central Water Commission is making a
scale its AI capabilities. These companies are difference! But it can do more than forecast high
reducing repetitive tasks, streamlining data entry, waters. It’s also smart enough to avoid false alarms.
and reducing errors in tax, accounting, and cash
flow processes. • Sella Nevo, the head of the flood forecasting unit
and a software engineering manager at Google,
10. Recruiting/Hiring
notes that “For our high-risk alerts, we had less than
-Amazon uses AI in the hiring process to screen 10 percent false positives [down to regions
resumes, match candidates with roles, perform measuring 64 by 64 meters] ... That’s highly
online assessments, and pass data to recruiters. accurate.” The trick is training the system’s
Unilever uses Pymetrics for video interviews, accuracy so that unnecessary evacuations are
analyzing body language and facial expressions. avoided, and trust can be built for the alert system.
Schneider Electric uses AI to advance employees'
careers, matching them with opportunities for
learning, new projects, and networking. This reduces AI TECH SUPPORTS SUSTAINABILITY
manual labor and time-to-hire.
1. Climate Modeling and Prediction
11. Safety and Quality
The Earth's temperature has risen by 0.08°C per decade
- AI can streamline safety and quality assurance
since 1880, causing a severe climate crisis. AI can help
processes, reducing risks and improving product
combat this by analyzing vast datasets, identifying
quality. Boeing uses AI to detect anomalies and
patterns, and incorporating multiple data points,
analyze data, while Google integrates AI safety
enabling better understanding and preparation for
features into Nest products. Boeing partnered with
climate change impacts.
Shield AI to explore autonomous capabilities and AI
in defense programs, using Hivemind technology to 2. Renewable Energy
fly drones and aircraft autonomously.
It is crucial in renewables and the energy sector, aiding
12. Workforce Schedule Optimization in sustainable production and grid balancing. It
accurately predicts weather conditions, enabling
- AI streamlines workforce schedule optimization for
renewable facilities to plan for high production periods
companies like Walmart, Starbucks, Costco, Delta
and adjust supply accordingly
Airlines, and Target by considering factors like
employee availability, customer traffic, and skillsets. 3. Energy Efficiency in Buildings
This technology helps identify the best schedule for
AI-driven smart building systems use sensor data to
the company's needs.
optimize energy efficiency, reducing energy
consumption, operational costs, and greenhouse gas
emissions in residential and commercial structures.
4. Precision agriculture emissions, storage site geology, and operational
parameters to determine the most effective approach.
AI is revolutionizing agriculture by enabling farmers to
AI also optimizes solvents and adsorbents, reducing
make data-driven decisions, optimizing crop
emissions and minimizing environmental footprint. It also
management, and enhancing productivity and
monitors underground storage sites to prevent leaks.
sustainability. By integrating sensors and data analytics,
farmers can collect real-time data on soil moisture,
temperature, nutrient levels, and crop health. Machine
learning models process this data, maximizing crop yield
and minimizing resource usage. AI also aids in early AI IN HEALTH CARE
detection of diseases and pests, reducing the need for
chemical pesticides. ▪ AI applications can provide personalized medicine
and X-ray readings. Personal health care assistants can
5. Wildlife conservation and monitoring act as life coaches, reminding you to take your pills,
exercise, or eat healthier
AI is playing a crucial role in wildlife conservation by
deploying cameras and sensors to monitor and protect ▪ Cardiologists often work in fast-paced healthcare
endangered species. This data collection minimizes environments where inefficiency or delays can affect
human disturbance and provides a vast, detailed their ability to deliver high-quality care.
dataset, aiding in evidence-based conservation efforts
and informed decisions on land management, ▪ Cardiologists and their teams can streamline workflows
protected areas, and biodiversity policies. to make their cardiovascular service line more efficient,
cost-effective, and patient-centered.
6. Air and water quality monitoring

Air pollution remains Europe's largest environmental

health risk, causing 238,000 deaths in 2020. Water quality 1. Medical Diagnosis- AI can improve healthcare
is impacted by agricultural runoff containing chemical diagnostics, potentially reducing preventable harm
fertilizers and pesticides. AI-driven sensor networks are and deaths by predicting and diagnosing diseases
used to monitor and improve air and water quality, faster than most medical professionals, especially in
providing real-time data-driven protection. These cases of incomplete medical histories.
systems measure pollutants in urban areas and track 2. Drug Discovery- AI is accelerating drug
water quality parameters in aquatic environments, development by aiding in drug design, predicting
enabling early detection of contamination events and side effects, and identifying ideal candidates for
minimizing damage. clinical trials, despite the industry's high costs and
human labor.
7. Waste management and recycling 3. Patient Experience- AI enhances digital
communications, patient care, and healthcare
AI-driven systems are revolutionizing waste
diagnoses by providing personalized care,
management by optimizing waste collection routes,
scheduling reminders, and health tips, thereby
reducing fuel consumption, and reducing greenhouse
allowing hospitals and physicians to treat more
gas emissions. They also identify recycling opportunities
patients efficiently.
and improve recycling processes, enhancing the quality
4. Healthcare Data Management- AI can help break
and value of recycled materials. Advanced robotics
down data silos and connect valuable information,
and AI vision systems enhance recycling rates, reducing
reducing time and costs in healthcare
landfill waste and reducing waste volume.
administrative processes, thereby improving
8. Marine ecosystem protection efficiency and patient experiences by reducing the
need for years of processing.
Marine ecosystems are facing decline due to
5. Robotic Surgery- Hospitals are utilizing AI and robots
heatwaves, biodiversity loss, rising sea levels, and
for minimally invasive procedures and heart surgery,
acidification. AI-powered autonomous underwater
resulting in fewer complications, less pain, and
vehicles (AUVs) are being deployed to monitor and
quicker recovery times, with surgeons leading team
preserve these ecosystems. These AUVs can detect
members through the operation.
coral reef changes, enabling conservationists to take
immediate action to protect critical habitats.

9. Disaster preparedness and response AI IN EDUCATION

Climate change is causing a five-fold increase in natural • Education at any time

disasters over the last 50 years. AI is crucial for early • Personalization
detection and warning systems, enabling rapid • Ability to detect weakness
responses to extreme weather conditions. By analyzing • Curriculum automatic formulation
historical and real-time data, AI can provide early • Virtual mentors
warnings, reduce environmental damage, and aid in • Better engagement
evacuations. This technology is transforming disaster • Education adapts to student needs
preparedness and response

10. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS)

EX. Little Dragon, Brainly, ThinkerMath, CTI, etc.
AI technology is crucial in carbon capture and
sequestration (CCS) processes, assisting in the selection
of capture materials and fine-tuning process conditions.
Machine learning models analyze factors like industrial
 AI IN AGRICULTURE AI IN BUSINESS

Analyzing Market Demand Retail

AI can simplify crop selection and help farmers identify AI provides virtual shopping capabilities that offer
what produce will be most profitable. personalized recommendations and discuss purchase
options with the consumer. Stock management and site
layout technologies will also be improved with AI.
Managing Risk
Manufacturing
Farmers can use forecasting and predictive analytics
to reduce errors in business processes and minimize the AI can analyze factory IoT data as it streams from
risk of crop failures. connected equipment to forecast expected load and
demand using recurrent networks, a specific type of
Breeding Seeds
deep learning network used with sequence data.
By collecting data on plant growth, AI can help
produce crops that are less prone to disease and
better adapted to weather conditions. AI/ ML Across Retail Value Chain

Monitoring Soil Health

AI systems can conduct chemical soil analyses and

provide accurate estimates of missing nutrients

Protecting Crops
AI can monitor the state of plants to spot and even
predict diseases, identify and remove weeds, and
recommend effective treatment of pests.

Feeding Crops
AI is useful for identifying optimal irrigation patterns and
nutrient application times and predicting the optimal
mix of agronomic products.

Harvesting
With the help of AI, it’s possible to automate harvesting
and even predict the best time for it.

▪ Using AI and machine learning-based surveillance

systems to monitor every crop field's real-time video
feeds identifies animal or human breaches, sending an
alert immediately.

▪ AI and machine learning improve crop yield

prediction through real-time sensor data and visual AI IN BANKING
analytics data from drones.
Artificial Intelligence enhances the speed, precision,
▪ The UN, international agencies and large-scale and effectiveness of human efforts.
agricultural operations are pioneering drone data
In financial institutions, AI techniques can be used to
combined with in-ground sensors to improve pest
identify which transactions are likely to be fraudulent,
management
adopt fast and accurate credit scoring, as well as
▪ Shortage of agricultural workers, making AI and automate manually intense data management tasks
machine learning-based smart tractors, agribots and
robotics a viable option for many remote agricultural
operations that struggle to find workers. AI PLATFORMS

▪ Improving the track-and-traceability of agricultural

1. Google Cloud AI
supply chains by removing roadblocks to getting
2. Amazon AI Services
fresher, safer crops to market is a must-have today.
3. Microsoft Azure AI
▪ Optimize the right mix of biodegradable pesticides 4. H20.ai
and limiting their application to only the field areas that 5. IBM Watson Studio
need treatment to reduce costs while increasing yields 6. TensorFlow
is one of the most common uses of AI and machine 7. DataRobot
learning in agriculture today. 8. Wipro Holmes AI and automation platform
9. Salesforce Einstein
▪ Monitoring livestock’s health, including vital signs, daily 10. Infosys Nia
activity levels and food intake, ensures their health, is
one of the fastest-growing aspects of AI and machine
learning in agriculture.
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