6 Department of Education

National Capital Region

S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2: Module 1
Direct and Inverse Variation

Writer: Daren V. Perez

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo

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 What I Need to Know

Hello Grade, 9 learners! In this module, you will learn how to:

 Illustrate situations that involve the following variation: (a) direct; (b)
inverse.M9AL-IIa-1
 Translate into variation statement a relationship between two quantities given
by: (a) table of values; (b) mathematical equation; (c) graph, and vice
versa.M9AL-IIa-b-1
 Solve problems involving variation. M9AL-IIb-c-1

You can say that you understood the lesson in this module if you can already:
1. illustrate situations that involve the following variations: (a) direct; (b)
inverse.
2. translate into variation statement a relationship between two
quantities given by: (a) table of values; (b) mathematical equation;
(c) graph, and vice versa.
3. solve problems involving variations.

What I Know
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. The cost 𝑐 varies directly as the number of liters of gasoline 𝐿 is written

as ____.
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑐 = 𝑘𝐿 B. 𝐿 = 𝑘𝑐 C. 𝑐 = 𝐿 D. 𝐿 = 𝑐

2. The length 𝑙 of a rectangular field varies inversely as its width 𝑤 is written

as ____.
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑙 = 𝑘𝑤 B. 𝑤 = 𝑘𝑙 C. 𝑙 = 𝑤 D. 𝑤 = 𝑙

3. Which is an example of direct variation?

1 2
A. 𝑥𝑦 = 2 B. 𝑥 = 2𝑦 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 D. 𝑦 = 2𝑥

4. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 24 when 𝑥 = 6, find the constant of

variation.
A. 4 B. 18 C. 30 D. 144
5. Which is an example of inverse variation?
𝑦 4
A. 𝑥 = −4𝑦 B. 𝑥 = C. 𝑦 = D. 𝑦 = 4𝑥
4 𝑥

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6. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 4, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 3.
A. 15 B. 16 C. 17 D. 18
7. Which of the following describes a direct variation?
x 1 2 3 4 x 3 6 9 12
A. C. y 12 6 4 3
y 4 3 2 1

x 2 4 6 8 x 1 2 3 4
B. D. y 3 6 8 10
y 4 8 12 16

8. What mathematical equation describes the graph below?

1
A. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
B. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
1
C. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
D. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
9. Jason can make 20 pieces of cupcakes from a 4 kg flour, how many
kilograms of flour will he use to make 50 pieces of cupcakes?
A. 5 kg B. 8 kg C. 10 kg D. 12 kg
10. The number of days to paint a house varies inversely as the number of
painters. It takes 12 days for 4 painters; how long will it take for 6 painters
to finish the job?
A. 4 days C. 8 days
B. 6 days D. 10 days

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 Lesson 1: ILLUSTRATING SITUATIONS THAT INVOLVE DIRECT
AND INVERSE VARIATION

What’s In
Translate the following statements into mathematical equation.

Statement Equation

1. The difference between a number 𝑛 and eight

2. Nine less than the total of 𝑥 and two

3. The quotient of 𝑚 and 𝑛 plus five

4. Gemma’s salary 𝑠 is raised by one hundred pesos

5. Twice the length 𝑙 less three times the width 𝑤

What’s New
Anthony is working in a private hospital. At a constant
rate, he travels 5 kilometer using his bike in 30 minutes.

Questions:
1. What will happen to travel time if he increases his speed in riding the
bike? How about if he decreases the speed?

2. Does the change in one quantity affects a change in the other? Explain.

What is It

Direct variation is a mathematical relationship between two variables

that can be expressed by an equation in which one variable is equal to a
constant times the other. It occurs whenever a situation produces a pair of
numbers in which the ratio is constant.

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 The statements:
“𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥”

“𝑦 is directly proportional to 𝑥” and

“𝑦 is proportional to 𝑥”

may be translated mathematically as 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, where 𝑘 is the constant of

variation.
For two quantities, 𝑥 and 𝑦, an increase in 𝑥 causes increase in 𝑦 as well.
Similarly, a decrease in 𝑥 causes a decrease in 𝑦.

In the relationship 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥, 𝑥 is the independent variable because it

represents a quantity that can be manipulated, 𝑦 is the dependent variable
because its value depends on the independent variable 𝑥 and the constant of
variation is k, where 𝑘 ≠ 0.

Example 1:
You are probably familiar with lightning. Your distance from lightning and
the time it takes before you heard the thunder could form a direct variation.

Let's say that

𝒙 = distance from lightning

𝒚 = time it takes to hear the thunder

The time it takes to hear the thunder depends on the distance where
you are.
The independent variable is the distance from lightning and the
dependent variable is the time it takes to hear the thunder.
Thus, the time it takes to hear thunder varies directly with the distance
where you are.
Then 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥

Example 2:
One of the ingredients in baking a cupcake is flour. The number of
cupcakes that you can bake depends on the amount of flour.

Let's say that

𝑥 = amount of flour

𝑦 = number of cupcakes

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 Thus, the number of cupcakes varies directly with the amount of flour.
As the amount of flour increases, the number of cupcakes increases and vice
versa.
The independent variable is the amount of flour and the dependent
variable is the number of cupcakes.

Then 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥

Inverse variation is a mathematical relationship between two variables

which can be expressed by an equation in which the product of two variables
is equal to a constant. It occurs whenever a situation produces a pair of
numbers whose product is constant.
The statement:
“𝑦 varies inversely to 𝑥” and
“𝑦 is inversely proportional to 𝑥”
𝑘
may be translated mathematically as 𝑦 = 𝑥, where 𝑘 is the constant of
variation.

For two quantities 𝑥 and 𝑦, and increase in 𝑥 causes a decrease in 𝑦 or

vice versa.
𝑘
In the relationship 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 is the independent variable because it
represents a quantity that can be manipulated, 𝑦 is the dependent variable
because its value depends on the independent variable 𝑥 and k is a non-zero
constant that represents the product of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Example 1:
It requires workers to build a house. The number of days required in
building a house depends on the number of workers.
Let's say that
𝑥 = number of workers

𝑦 = number of days required in building a house

Thus, the number of days required in building a house varies inversely

with the number of workers that build the house. As the number of workers
increases, the number of days required to build a house decreases and vice
versa.

The independent variable is the number of workers and the dependent

variable is the number of days in building a house.
𝑘
Then 𝑦 = 𝑥

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Example 2:
When you hear a siren of an approaching ambulance, you noticed that
the less the distance between you and the vehicle, the louder the siren; and the
more the distance, the less louder the siren becomes.
Let's say that

𝑥 = distance between you and the ambulance

𝑦 = sounds produced by the siren of ambulance

Thus, the distance between you and the ambulance varies inversely as
to the sounds produced by the siren of ambulance. The less distance between
you and the ambulance, the louder the siren and vice versa.

The independent variable is the distance between you and the

ambulance and the dependent variable is the sounds produced by the siren.
𝑘
Then 𝑦 =
𝑥

What’s More

A. Identify the following situations whether each of these is direct or inverse

variation.

1. A Grade 9 student rented a computer in a computer shop to attend online

class with a rate of P15/hour.
2. A car runs from home to school in an hour with the speed of 60 km/hr.
3. The distance between two places to the time it takes in traveling between
them.
4. The number of pages read to the number of pages left over in a book.
5. The time spent in using laptop in online class to the battery percentage.

B. Underline once the independent variable (x) and twice the dependent
variable (y).
Given Variation Type of Variation
Equation

1. The monthly electric consumption

to the monthly electric bill. ____________ ____________

2. The time going to school from the

house to the walking speed. ____________ ____________

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 3. The data consumed in watching
videos in YouTube to the video quality. ____________ ____________

4. The area of the wall to the amount of

paint used to cover it. ____________ ____________

What I Have Learned

Complete the statement below.

A __________________ occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of
numbers in which their ratio is constant.
The statement “y varies directly as x” may be translated mathematically
as _______, where ____ is the constant of variation.
As 𝑥 increases 𝑦 also __________. Similarly, a __________ in 𝑥 causes
a ___________ in 𝑦.

A __________________ occurs whenever a situation produces pairs of

numbers in which their product is constant.

The statement “y varies inversely as x” may be translated

mathematically as _______, where ____ is the constant of variation.
An increase in 𝑥 causes a __________ in 𝑦 and a ___________ in 𝑥
causes a __________ in 𝑦.

What I Can Do

Cite situation at home that applies direct and inverse variation. Express the
situation into variation equation.

Rubric:
Applicability in real life 4

Correctness of variation equation 3

Completeness of sentence 3

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 Assessment
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. What type of variation where the situation produces a pair of numbers whose
product is constant?
A. direct variation C. neither
B. inverse variation D. both
2. A direct variation is a situation produces pairs of numbers whose ______ is
constant.
A. sum B. difference C. product D. quotient
3. The amount of money raised in a concert to the number of tickets sold is an
example of
A. direct variation C. neither
B. inverse variation D. both
4. The age of used smartphone to its resale value is an example of
A. direct variation C. neither
B. inverse variation D. both
5. Which is an example of inverse variation?
A. The cost of apple to the number of pieces.
B. The total salary to the number of working days.
C. The time of the travel to the speed of the bike
D. The amount of monthly expenditures to the number of family
members.

Additional Activities

Identify the following statement whether each of these is direct or inverse

variation. Write D if it is direct and I if it is inverse.

Statement Type of
Variation

The length of string used to the height of kite flies.

The amount of water to the space that water did not occupy in
particular container.
The age of used car to its resale value.

The distance an airplane flies to the time travelling.

The number of hours to finish the job to the number of men

working.

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Lesson 2: TRANSLATING INTO VARIATION STATEMENT A
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO QUANTITIES GIVEN
BY: (a) TABLE OF VALUES; (b) VARIATION EQUATION;
(c) GRAPH AND VICE VERSA

What’s In

Complete the table below by filling up each box with whether Independent
Variable (X) or Dependent Variable (Y), and or Types of Variation.

Independent Dependent Types of

Situations
Variable (x) Variable (y) Variation

1. The time spent in

walking to the rate at
which a person walks.

2. The number of pizza

slices to the number of
persons sharing a whole
pizza.

3. The amount of force

used in throwing a ball to
the distance of the ball
and person.

4. The internet speed of

the Wi-Fi
to the number of people
using the Wi-Fi.

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 What’s New
Think About This!

A tailoring shop is making 250 facemasks per day. Suppose the shop
has 10 workers, what will happen to the production time if some workers are
not available?
 The production time will increase because the number of workers
decreased.

What is It

A. Translating into variation statement between two quantities given:

(a) table of values (b) variation equation (c) graph.

Example 1:

Below is the table of values for the number of present workers and their
time to make facemask:

Workers
6 7 8 9 10
(𝑊)
60 20
Time (𝑡) 10 hours 7
hours 7.5 hours 3
hours 6 hours
What is the constant of variation?
What variation equation represents the relation?
Graph the relation.
What is the variation statement representing the relation?

Solutions:

To determine the variation equation, identify the constant of variation by

getting the product or quotient of 𝑊 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 values.

𝑊 6 7 8 9 10
60 20
𝑡 10 7.5 6
7 3
𝑊𝑡 60 60 60 60 60
𝑊 3 49 27 5
1.07
𝑡 5 60 20 3

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 The result shows that the constant of variation is 60 which is the product
of 𝑊 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡 values. Therefore, the variation equation representing the table of
60
values is 𝑡 = 𝑊 .
To see clearly the relation of the two quantities, the graph of the relation
is shown below:

60
Since the variation equation is 𝑡 = where 60 is the constant of
𝑊
variation, we can say that the time 𝑡 they work varies inversely as the number
of workers 𝑊.

Example 2:

The graph below represents the relation of the number cupcakes 𝐶 to

the amount of flour 𝑓 in kg used.

Write a table of values representing the relation.

What is the constant of variation?
What is the variation equation?
What is the variation statement?

Solutions:

The table of values represents the relation is shown below:

𝑓 1 2 3 4
𝐶 4 8 12 16

To determine the variation equation, identify the constant of variation by

getting the product or quotient of 𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 values.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 𝑓 1 2 3 4

𝐶 4 8 12 16

𝑓𝐶 4 16 32 64
𝐶
4 4 4 4
𝑓

The result shows that the constant of variation is 4 which is the quotient
of 𝐶 and 𝑓. Therefore, the variation equation representing the table of values is
𝐶 = 4𝑓.
Since the variation equation is 𝐶 = 4𝑓 where 4 is the constant of
variation, we can say that the number of cupcakes 𝐶 varies directly as the
amount of flour 𝑓.

B. Translating a variation statement between two quantities into a table

of values, a mathematical equation and a graph.

Example 1:

The distance 𝐷 travelled by a car within 3 hours varies directly as its

speed 𝑠.

a. Write a mathematical equation that relates the two quantities.

b. Construct a table of values from the relation.
c. Graph the relation.
Solutions:

a. From the variation statement “distance 𝐷 travelled by a car within 3

hours varies directly as its speed 𝑠”, we can translate into an equation
as 𝐷 = 3𝑠, where 3 is the constant of variation
b. To construct a table of values from the relation, we are going to use
the equation 𝐷 = 3𝑠. We assign values of 𝑠 to generate values of 𝐷.
𝑠 40 kph 50 kph 60 kph 70 kph

𝐷 120 km 150 km 180 km 210 km

c. To graph the relation, we are going to use the table of values. The 𝑥
coordinate will be the 𝑠 values and the 𝑦 coordinate will be the 𝐷
values.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Example 2:
The rate 𝑟 at which a person types a 20 pages of manuscript varies
inversely as the time 𝑡 spent in typing.

a. Write a mathematical equation that relates the two quantities.

b. Construct a table of values from the relation.
c. Graph the relation.

Solutions:
a. From the variation statement “rate 𝑟 at which a person types a 20
pages of manuscript varies inversely as the time 𝑡 spent in typing”,
20
we can translate into an equation as 𝑟 = , where 20 is the constant
𝑡
of variation

b. To construct a table of values from the relation, we are going to use

20
the equation 𝑟 = . We assign values of 𝑡 to generate values of 𝑟.
𝑡
𝑡 2 hours 3 hours 4 hours 5 hours

𝑟 10 20 5 4
3

c. To graph the relation, we are going to use the table of values. The 𝑥
coordinate will be the 𝑡 values and the 𝑦 coordinate will be the 𝑟
values.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What’s More

A. Answer the following.

1. Below is the table of values for the cost 𝐶 of apple and number 𝑛 of
apple:
𝑛 2 4 6 8

𝐶 50 100 150 200

a. What is the constant of variation?

b. What variation equation represents the relation?
c. Graph the relation.
d. What variation statement represents the relation?

2. The graph below represents the relation of the time in hours to do the
job 𝑦 to the number of workers 𝑥.

a. Write a table of values representing the relation.

b. What is the constant of variation?
c. What is the variation equation?
d. What is the variation statement?

B. Translate the following variation statement between two quantities into a

mathematical equation, a table of values and a graph.
1. The cost 𝑐 of rice P 40/kg varies directly as its weight 𝑤 in kilograms.
2. The worker’s salary 𝑠 which cost P 575/day varies directly as the number
of days 𝑑 he has worked.
3. The time 𝑡 in hours to travel a distance of 80 km varies inversely as the
speed 𝑠 of the car.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What I Have Learned
Solve the problem by completing the table and answering questions below.
Mr. Delos Santos is working as a vendor in a market. He rides a
motorcycle going to work and the time he takes to reach his workplace depends
on the average speed of his motorcycle. The table below shows the possible
speeds and the length of time he takes.

𝑠 (kph) 30 kph 40 kph 50 kph 60 kph 70 kph

3
𝑡 (hours) 1
7
1. Write a mathematical statement that relates the two quantities 𝑠 and 𝑡.
2. What is the constant of variation?
3. What variation equation represent the relation between two quantities?
4. Graph the relation.

What I Can Do

Mr. Perez wants to paint his room for improvement. The graph shows
the number of hours 𝑦 it takes 𝑥 workers to paint a room.

1. Write a mathematical statement that relates the two quantities

2. Construct a tables of values from the relation.
3. How does 𝑦 change as 𝑥 increases?
4. Do 𝑥 and 𝑦 show direct or inverse variation?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Rubric:
Correctness of the answer 5

Completeness of the answer 3

Neatness 2

Assessment

Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. The price 𝑃 varies directly as the number 𝑛 of oranges is written as

𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑛 B. 𝑛 = 𝑘𝑃 C. 𝑃 = D. 𝑛 =
𝑛 𝑃
2. Which is an example of inverse variation?
𝑥 7
A. 7𝑦 = 𝑥 B. 𝑦 = C. 𝑦 = D. 𝑦 = 7𝑥
7 𝑥
3. Which of the following describes a direct variation?

x 2 4 6 8 x 5 10 15 20
A. C.
8 1 1 1 1
y 8 4 2 y
3 2 4 6 8

x 1 2 3 4 x -2 -1 1 2
B. D.
y 12 8 6 4 y 10 5 -5 -10

4. Which mathematical equation describes the graph below?

𝑥 12 1
A. 𝑦 = 12𝑥 B. 𝑦 = 12 C. 𝑦 = D. 𝑦 = 12𝑥
𝑥

5. Which variation statement represents the table of values below?

x 6 12 18 24
1 1 1 1
y
2 4 6 8
A. 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦 where 3 is the constant of variation
B. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 where 3 is the constant of variation
C. 𝑥 varies inversely as 𝑦 where 3 is the constant of variation
D. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 where 3 is the constant of variation

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Additional Activities
Express the following variation statement between two quantities into a
mathematical equation.
1. The area 𝐴 of square varies directly as the square of its side 𝑠.
2. The number of pechay plants 𝑛 in a row varies inversely as the space 𝑠
between them.
3. The fare 𝐹 of a passenger varies directly as the distance 𝑑 of his
destination.
4. The length 𝐿 of a person’s shadow at a given time varies directly as the
height ℎ of the person.
5. The acceleration 𝑎 of a car varies inversely to its mass 𝑚.

Lesson 3: SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING DIRECT

AND INVERSE VARIATION

What’s In
Identify each variation statement if it is direct or inverse and translate into a
mathematical equation.

Statement Type of Equation

Variation
1. The data 𝐷 used to watch the video to the
length 𝑙 of time of the video in Facebook.
2. The cost of banana 𝐶 to the amount of weight
𝑤 in kilogram.
3. The monthly water bill 𝐵 to the monthly water
consumption 𝑐.
4. The battery percentage 𝑃 of a cellphone to
the time 𝑡 for which it is used.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What’s New
Angela went to the market to buy food
supplies. She bought 8 kgs. of rice amounting
to P 360 pesos.

Questions:

1. What type of relationship is involved in

this situation?
2. Write a variation statement between two
quantities to represent the relation.
3. Based from the situation, how much
would it cost to buy 15 kg of rice?

What is It

Direct variation
𝑦
In general, when two quantities 𝑦 and 𝑥 has constant ratio 𝑘 = or
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 we say that 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 by a factor 𝑘, where 𝑘 is called the
constant of variation.
Example 1:
If 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦 and 𝑥 = 42 and 𝑦 = 6, what is the value of 𝑦 when
𝑥 = 21?

Solution 1:

Since 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦, then the equation of variation is in the form

𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦.

Substitute the given values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 to solve for 𝑘 in the equation.

𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 Substitute the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦

42 = 6𝑘 Apply Division Property of Equality

42 6𝑘 Solve for 𝑘
=
6 6
7 = 𝑘 or 𝑘 = 7

Hence, the equation of variation is 𝑥 = 7𝑦

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Solving for 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 21

𝑥 = 7𝑦 Substitute the values of 𝑥

21 = 7𝑦 Apply Division Property of Equality

21 7𝑦 Solve for 𝑘
=
7 7
3 = 𝑦 or 𝑦 = 3

Therefore, the solution is 𝑦 = 3.

Solution 2:
𝑥 𝑥
Since is a constant, then we can write 𝑘 = . From here, we can
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥1 𝑥2
establish a proportion such that 𝑦 = 𝑦 where 𝑥1 = 42, 𝑦1 = 6 and 𝑥2 = 21
1 2

We have:
𝑥1 𝑥2 Substitute the given values
=
𝑦1 𝑦2
42 21 42
= Simplify the 6
6 𝑦2
21 Multiply both sides by 𝑦2
7=
𝑦2

7𝑦2 = 21 Apply Division Property of Equality

7𝑦2 21 Solve for 𝑦2
=
7 7
𝑦2 = 3

Therefore, 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 21

Variation Equation Constant of Variation Final Answer

𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 𝑘=7 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 21

𝑥
Note: 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑦 means 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦 where 𝑘 = 𝑦;
𝑦
while 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑥 means 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 where 𝑘 = 𝑥

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Example 2:
A mailman can sort out 738 letters in 6 hours. If the number of sorted
letters varies directly as the number of working hours, how many letters can be
sorted out in 9 hours?
Solutions:

A. Represent the two quantities that relates the problem.

Let
𝐿 be the number of sorted letters

ℎ be the number of working hours

B. Write a mathematical statement and equation between two quantities

involved.
The number of sorted letters 𝐿 varies directly as the number of
working hours ℎ.

Mathematical Equation: 𝐿 = 𝑘ℎ, where 𝑘 is constant of variation

C. Solution
Substitute 𝐿 = 738 and ℎ = 6 to the equation and solve for 𝑘

𝐿 = 𝑘ℎ Substitute the values of 𝐿 and ℎ

738 = 6𝑘 Apply Division Property of Equality

738 6𝑘 Solve for 𝑘
=
6 6
123 = 𝑘 or 𝑘 = 123
Hence, the constant of variation is 123.

To determine the number of letters that can be sorted out in 9

hours, substitute 𝑘 = 123 and ℎ = 9 and solve for 𝐿.

𝐿 = 𝑘ℎ Substitute the values of 𝑘 and ℎ

𝐿 = (123)(9) Simplify
𝐿 = 1107

Therefore, the mailman can sort out 1107 letters in 9 hours.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Inverse variation

In general, when two quantities 𝑦 and 𝑥, has a constant product 𝑘 =

𝑘
𝑦𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑥, we can say that "𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥". The constant product
𝑘 is also called the constant of variation where x is not equal to zero.

Example 1:
Find the equation and solve for 𝑘: 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 9 when
𝑥 = 15

Solutions:
𝑘
The relation 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 translates to 𝑦 = 𝑥. Substitute the
values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 to solve for 𝑘.
𝑘 Substitute the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦
𝑦=
𝑥
𝑘 Multiply both sides by 15
9=
15
(9)(15) = 𝑘 Simplify

135 = 𝑘 or 𝑘 = 135
135
Therefore, the equation of variation is 𝑦 = .
𝑥

Variation Equation Constant of Variation Final Answer

𝑘 𝑘 = 135 135
𝑦= 𝑦=
𝑥 𝑥

Example 2:
The number of days needed in repairing a house varies inversely as the
number of workers. It takes 15 days for 2 workers to repair the house. How
many workers are needed to complete the job in 6 days?

Solutions:
A. Represent the two quantities that relates the problem.
Let

𝑤 be the number of workers

𝑑 be the number of working days

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B. Write a mathematical statement and equation between two quantities
involved.

The number of days 𝑑 needed in repairing a house varies

inversely as the number of workers 𝑤.
𝑘
Mathematical Equation: 𝑑 = 𝑤, where 𝑘 is constant of variation

C. Solution
Substitute 𝑤 = 2 and 𝑑 = 15 to the equation and solve for 𝑘

𝑘 Substitute the values of 𝑑 and 𝑤

𝑑=
𝑤
𝑘 Multiply both sides by 2
15 =
2
30 = 𝑘 or 𝑘 = 30

Hence, the constant of variation is 30.

To determine the number of workers needed to complete the job

in 6 days, substitute 𝑘 = 30 and 𝑑 = 6 and solve for 𝑤.

𝑘 Substitute the values of 𝑘 and 𝑑

𝑑=
𝑤
30 Cross multiply
6=
𝑤
6𝑤 = 30 Apply Division Property of Equality
6𝑤 30 Solve for 𝑤
=
6 6
𝑤=5

Therefore, it take 5 workers to complete the job in 6 days.

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 What’s More

A. Complete the table

Statement x y
1. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 15 when 𝑥 = 5 2
2. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 24 when 𝑥 = 6 8
3. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 7 when 𝑥 = 9 3
2
4. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 3 6
1
5. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 4 when 𝑥 = 2 2

B. Solve the following problems.

1. At 60 kph it takes Loida 10 hours to travel from her house to her

house on the province. How long will it take her if she travels at 80
kph?
2. The total cost of filling up your car with gas varies directly with the
number of liters of gasoline that you are purchasing. If a liter of gas
costs P 42.25, how many liters could you purchase for P 338?

What I Have Learned

Read the problem below and answer the questions that follow.
The amount of paint needed to paint the walls of a room varies directly
as the area of the wall. If 2 gallons of paint is needed to paint a 40 m2 wall, how
many gallons of paint are needed to paint a wall with an area of 100 m 2?
Questions:
1. What type of variation is involved in the situation?
2. What is the mathematical statement that best describes the relation
between the two quantities?
3. What is the constant of variation?
4. What is the solution of the problem?

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 What I Can Do

Read and understand the problem below to answer the questions that follow
The volume of gas in a container at a constant temperature varies
inversely as the pressure. The table of values below shows the data involving
the relation between pressure and temperature.

Volume (cm3) 54 40 32 18
16 36
Pressure (kg) 9 16
3 5

1. Write the variation equation that represents the relation.

2. Graph the relation.
3. What is the constant of variation?
4. Based from the situation, find the pressure when the volume of the container
is 60 cm3.

Assessment
Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1
1. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 26 when 𝑥 = 2, find the constant of
variation.
A. 13 B. 26 C. 28 D. 52
2. If 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦 and 𝑥 = 54 when 𝑦 = 9, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 24.
A. 4 B. 6 C. 96 D. 144
3. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 12 when 𝑥 = 8, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 4.
A. 24 B. 16 C. 12 D. 10
4. The time it takes Amanda to get to the school varies inversely as her
3
driving speed. Averaging 20 kph in bad traffic, it takes her 2 hours. How
long would the trip take averaging 50 kph?
1 3
A. 2 hours C. 4 hours
2 3
B. 3 hours D. 5 hours
5. The fare rate of taxi varies directly as the distance travelled. When the
distance is 12 km, the fare is P 162. Find the fare when the distance is
40 km.
A. P 520 B. P 530 C. P 540 D. P 550

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 Additional Activities

Solve for the indicated variable in each of the following.

1. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑥 = 12, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 9
2. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 28 when 𝑥 = 4, find 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 42
3. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 32 when 𝑥 = 6, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 16
2
4. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 3 when 𝑥 = 3, find 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 6
5. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 144 when 𝑥 = 6, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 9

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. The intensity 𝐼 of light produced by a light source varies inversely as the
square of the distance 𝑑 from the source is written as
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝐼 = 𝑘𝑑 2 B. 𝑑 2 = 𝑘𝐼 C. 𝐼 = 𝑑2 D. 𝑑 2 = 𝐼
2. The number of kilograms of water 𝑤 in a person’s body varies directly as
the person’s mass 𝑚 is written as
𝑘 𝑘
A. 𝑤 = 𝑘𝑚 B. 𝑚 = 𝑘𝑤 C. 𝑤 = 𝑚 D. 𝑚 = 𝑤
3. Which is an example of direct variation?
1
A. 𝑥𝑦 = −8 C. 𝑥𝑦 = − 8
8
B. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 D. 𝑦 = −8𝑥
4. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 30 when 𝑥 = 5, find the constant of
variation.
A. 6 B. 25 C. 35 D. 150
5. Which is an example of inverse variation?
𝑦
A. 𝑥 = 13𝑦 C. 𝑥 = 13
13
B. 𝑦 = D. 𝑦 = 13𝑥
𝑥
6. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 6 when 𝑥 = 12, find the constant of
variation.
A. 2 B. 6 C. 18 D. 72

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

7. Which of the following describes a direct variation?

x 2 4 6 8 x 4 8 12 16
A. C.
y 8 16 24 36 y -12 -24 -36 -48

x 1 2 4 8 x 1 2 3 4
B. y 40 20 10 5 D. y 1 4 9 16

8. Which of the following describes an inverse variation?

x 4 8 16 32 x 1 3 5 7
A. C.
y 64 32 16 8 y 32 24 16 8

x 3 6 9 12 x 1 2 3 4
B. y 15 12 9 6 D. y 10 20 30 40

9. Which variation statement describes the graph below?

A. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 20 is the constant of variation
B. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 40 is the constant of variation
C. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥,where 20 is the constant of
variation
D. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, where 40 is the constant of variation
10. Which variation statement describes the graph below?
A. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
B. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥, where 3 is the constant of variation
C. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, where 2 is the constant of variation
D. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥, where 3 is the constant of variation
11. Which variation statement represents the table of values
below?
1 1 1 1
x
3 6 9 12
y 36 72 108 144

A. 𝑥 varies directly as 𝑦 where 12 is the constant of variation

B. 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 where 12 is the constant of variation
C. 𝑥 varies inversely as 𝑦 where 12 is the constant of variation
D. 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 where 12 is the constant of variation

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

12. Which mathematical equation represents the table of values below?

x 8 24 40 64

y 32 96 160 256
4 4
A. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 B. 𝑥 = 4𝑦 C. 𝑦 = 𝑥 D. 𝑥 = 𝑥
13. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 120 when 𝑥 = 8, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 10.
A. 15 B. 80 C. 96 D. 150
14. If 𝑦 varies directly as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 4 when 𝑥 = 10, find 𝑥 when 𝑦 = 12.
A. 8 B. 14 C. 30 D. 40
15. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 14 when 𝑥 = 3, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 6.
A. 7 B. 8 C. 9 D. 10
2
16. If 𝑦 varies inversely as 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 9 when 𝑥 = 3, find 𝑦 when 𝑥 = 1.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7
17. The amount of money raised at a charity fundraiser is varies directly to
the number of attendees. The amount of money raised for five attendees
was P 1000. How much money will be raised for 60 attendees?
A. P 10,000 C. P 14,000
B. P 12,000 D. P 16,000
18. The number of days to construct a house varies inversely as the number
of workers. It takes 10 days for 6 workers, how many workers is needed to
finish the job in 12 days?
A. 4 workers C. 6 workers
B. 5 workers D. 7 workers
19. The time it takes to travel from Marikina City to Baguio City varies
inversely as the speed of the car. If the travel takes 5 hours at an average
speed of 80 kph, how long would it take travel at an average speed of 40
kph?
A. 7 hours C. 9 hours
B. 10 hours D. 10 hours
20. On a map, distance in km and distance in cm varies directly, and 25 km
are represented by 2 cm. If two cities are 8 cm apart on the map, what is the
actual distance between them?
A. 50 km B. 75 km C. 100 km D. 125 km

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 References

Mathematics Learner’s Material 9 p. 187 – 214

https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/direct%20variation#:~:text=1%20%3A%20mathem
atical%20relationship%20between%20two,direct%20variation%20%E2%8
0%94%20compare%20inverse%20variation
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/inverse%20variation
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-sixth-grade-math/cc-6th-equations-
and-inequalities/cc-6th-dependent-independent/a/dependent-and-
independent-variables-review
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-middle-school-math-concepts-grade-
8/section/1.9/
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/direct-variation.html
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/inverse-variation.html
https://www.mesacc.edu/~scotz47781/mat120/notes/variation/inverse/inve
rse.html
https://www.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/ipe/grade%207/03/g7_03
_07.pdf
https://www.bigideasmath.com/protected/content/ipe/grade%207/03/g7_03
_08.pdf
https://www.qacps.org/cms/lib/MD01001006/Centricity/Domain/847/direct
%20and%20inverse%20variation.pdf
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/math/msmath/mac04/course2/add_lesson/dir
ect_variation_mac2.pdf
https://www.anderson5.net/cms/lib02/SC01001931/Centricity/Domain/214
7/Direct%20Variation%20Worksheets.pdf
https://www.homedepot.com/c/ah/how-to-paint-a-
room/9ba683603be9fa5395fab90e9ab8187
https://depositphotos.com/139449844/stock-photo-hand-drawing-of-a-
young.html
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/rice-market.html

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Answer Key

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 30

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Daren V. Perez, (PHS)

Validators: Freddie D. Viernes, (Public Schools District Supervisor)
Alden O. Madregalejo, (SNNHS) Elizalde A. Sarmiento, (SRNHS)
Lilibeth C. Pulido, (MSHS) Edith B. Cajilig, (MHS)
Michelle M. Villanueva, (MSHS) Rosalie C. Patricio, (MHHS)
Olive R. Lomibao, (SEHS)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
External Reviewer: PNU Validators
Cover Illustrator & Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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