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Music Culture of India - Study Notes

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Music Culture of India - Study Notes

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Music Culture

of India

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE

Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
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Folk and Classical Dance

Indian Classical Music


• Indian Classical Music actually covers the whole of Indian subcontinent itself. Two
Types of Classical Music can be found in India, which are: Hindustani and Carnatic
or Karnatak Music.

Hindustani Music
• Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian
subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani,
shastriya sangeet. Hindustani Music Compositions are as follows:

 Dhrupad: Dhrupad is one of the styles of Hindustani Classical Music. The


term Dhrupad denotes both the verse form of the poetry and the style in
which it is sung.

 Dhamar: Dhamar is one of the talas used in Hindustani classical music

 Khayal(Gharana System in Khayal)

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE | Music Culture of India PAGE 2


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 Gwalior Gharana

 Agra Gharana

 Kirana Gharana

 Bhendi Bazaar Gharana

 Jaipur Atrauli Gharana

 Patiala Gharana

 Rampur Sahaswan Gharana

 Indore Gharana

 Delhi Gharana

 Mewati Gharana

 Qawwal Bacchhe Gharana

 Chaurasia Gharana

 Thumri Gharana

 Ghazal: The ghazal is composed of a minimum of five couplets that are


structurally, thematically, and emotionally autonomous.

 Tappa: Tappa is an Indian semi-classical vocal music, with its specialty of


rapid, delicate and complex arrangement.'Tappa' means leaping, springing up
and hopping.

 Tarana: Tarana is a vocal form of Hindustani Music. It is said that it was


developed by Music legend Amir Khusrau.

Carnatic Music
• It is a system of music associated with the present day states of Southern India
namely: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Important
Elements of Carnatic Music are: Sruti, Swara, Raga System and Tala System. And
two important or significant forms of Carnatic Music are Varnam and Kriti.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE | Music Culture of India PAGE 3


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• Varnam: Varnam is a composition which exists only in Carnatic music and nowhere
else in the world of music. Varnam is a grammatical guideline of Raga, a touchstone
for the grammar of raga.

• Kriti: Kritis refers to the composition whose significance lies mainly in its music and
not in its sahitya. Kriti consists of pallavi, anupallavi and charana.

Folk
• It is the music that originates in traditional popular
culture or that is written in such a style. Folk music is
typically of unknown authorship and is transmitted
orally from generation to generation. India has a
diverse Folk Music culture due to its enormous
cultural diversity. The existence of linguistic diversity
has resulted in Folk Music being sung in all of those
languages and their regional dialects.

Some Famous Singers of India


1. Amir Khusrau was an Indian singer, poet and scholar who lived under the Delhi
Sultanate. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent.
He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya
of Delhi

2. Begum Akhtar: Begum Akhtar, also known as the Mallika-e-


Ghazal (The Queen Ghazals), it was a series of personal
tragedies that formed the basis of her legendary vocal
performances. Her magic lay in not merely expressing this
pain, love and hope, but translating these emotions in ways
that future generations would empathise with and understand.

3. Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi was an Indian vocalist basically from Karnataka,
belonging to the Hindustani classical tradition. He is known for the khayal form of
singing, as well as for his popular renditions of devotional music. Bhimsen Joshi
belongs to the Kirana gharana tradition of Hindustani Classical Music.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE | Music Culture of India PAGE 4


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4. D K Pattammal: She was an Indian Carnatic musician and


playback singer in the Tamil movie industry. She along with her
contemporaries M. S. Subbulakshmi and M. L. Vasanthakumari
are referred to as Carnatic Music’s Female Trinity.

5. G N Balasubramaniam: Popularly known as GNB, he was a


singer of Carnatic music. Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer and
Madurai Mani Iyer and GNB are referred to as the male trinity of
Carnatic Music of the 20th century.

6. Gangubai Hanagal was an Indian singer of the khyal genre of Hindustani classical
music from Karnataka, who was known for her deep and powerful voice. Hangal
belonged to the Kirana gharana.

7. Gundecha Brothers: The Gundecha Brothers are


Indian classical singers of the dhrupad genre of the
Dagar vani. From 1985 to 2019 the duo consisted of
brothers Umakant Gundecha and Ramakant
Gundecha and were awarded the Padma Shri for art
for 2012.

8. M S Subbulakshmi: Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi was an Indian


Carnatic singer from Madurai, Tamil Nadu. She was the first musician ever to be
awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

9. Mallikarjun Manasur: Mallikarjun Mansur was an Indian classical singer from


Karnataka, an excellent vocalist in the khyal style in the Jaipur-Atrauli gharana.

10. Mutthuswamy Dikshitar: Muthuswamy Dikshitar, the youngest


of the Musical Trinity comprising Saint Thyagaraja, Shyama
Shastri and himself. Diskhitar is said to have composed almost
450 to 500 compositions, most of which are performed till this
day at music concerts. Dikshitar travelled to many holy shrines
throughout his life, and composed krithis on the deities and
temples he visited.

11. Pandit Jasraj: Pandit Jasraj was an Indian classical vocalist, belonging to the
Mewati gharana. His musical career was spread over 75 years resulting in national
and international fame, numerous major awards and accolades.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE | Music Culture of India PAGE 5

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