Summary

MATHS 4 ALL
™ Mean is the sum of all the observations divided by the total number of observations.
It can be calculated by any one of the following methods:
∑ fi xi
 Direct Method: x =
∑ fi
∑ fi di
 Assumed Mean Method: x= a +
∑ fi
∑ fi ui
 Step Divation Method: x = a+ ×h
∑ fi
Here, ∑ fi = total frequency,
a = Assumed mean method,
di = deviation = xi – a,
x −a
ui = i ,
h
h = class – size,
™ Mode is the value of the observation having the maximum frequency.
In case of grouped frequency distribution, the class having maximum frequency called modal - class.
 f1 − f 0 
= Mode l +   × h MATHS 4 ALL
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where
l = lower limit of modal class
h = width of the modal class
f1 = frequency of the modal class
f0 = frequency of the class preceding the modal class
f2 = frequency of the class succeeding the modal class
™ Median is the middle most value of a given data set when the data is arranged in ascending or descending order
of their magnitude.
 Median of Ungrounded Data

If total no of observations is odd, say N.

th
 N +1
Median = value of   observation.
 2 
If total no of observations is even, say N.
th th
N N 
Value of   observation + value of  + 1 observation
Median = 2 2 
2
 Median of Grouped Data
In case of grouped frequency distribution. the class corresponding to the cumulative frequency (c.f.) which is
N
just greater than is called the median class.
2

Statistics 253
 N 
 − c. f. 
2
Median l + 
= ×h
f
Where,
l = Lower limit of median class
c.f. = Cumulative frequency preceding to the median class frequency.
f = frequency of the median class
N = total number of observation
h = class – size

NCERT Exercise

Exercise-I
1. A survey was conducted by a group of students as a part of their environment awareness programme, in
which they collected the following data regarding the number of plants in 20 houses in a locality. Find the
mean number of plants per house.
Number of Plants 0-2 2-4 4-6 6-8 8-10 10-12 12-14
Number of Houses 1 2 1 5 6 2 3
Which method did you use for finding the mean, and why?
Sol. Since the value of fi and xi are small, we will use direct method for finding the mean of this question
Find the midpoint of the given interval using the formula.
lower class limit + upper class limit
MATHS 4 ALL
Class mark (xi) =
2
No. of plants (Class interval) No. of houses Frequency ( fi ) Class mark (xi) fi xi
0-2 1 1 1
2-4 2 3 6
4-6 1 5 5
6-8 5 7 35
8-10 6 9 54
10-12 2 11 22
12-14 3 13 39
∑ fi = 20 ∑ fi xi = 162
So, the mean x of the given data is given by:

x=
∑ fi=
xi 162
= 8.1
∑ fi 20
Therefore, the mean number of plants per house is 8.1

254 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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 2. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.
Daily wages (in `) 500-520 520-540 540-560 560-580 580-600
Number of workers 12 14 8 6 10
Find the mean daily wages of the workers of the factory by using an appropriate method.
Sol. In this case, we can use step-deviation method because the value of xi and fi are large.
lower class limit + upper class limit
Class mark (xi) =
2
So let us assume the mean value, a = 550 and class interval, h = 20.
(x – a) (xi – 550)
So, ui = i =
h 20
Substitute and find the values as follows:
Daily wages Number of workers Class mark (xi) (xi – 550) fi ui
ui =
(Class interval) frequency ( fi ) 20
500-520 12 510 –2 –24
520-540 14 530 –1 –14
540-560 8 550 = a 0 0
560-580 6 570 1 6
580-600 10 590 2 20
Total ∑ fi = 50 ∑ fi ui = –12
So, the mean x of the given data is given by:
h∑ fi ui  −12 
x =+
a =550 +  20 ×  = 550 – 4.8 = 545.20
∑ fi  50 
Thus, mean daily wage of the workers = ` 545.20
3. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The mean pocket
allowance is ` 18. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily Pocket Allowance (in `) 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-35
Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
Sol. To find out the missing frequency, use the mean formula.
Given, mean x = 18
Class interval Number of children ( fi ) Mid-point (xi) fi xi
11-13 7 12 84
13-15 6 14 84
15-17 9 16 144
17-19 13 18 = X 234
19-21 f 20 20f
21-23 5 22 110
23-25 4 24 96
Total ∑ fi = 44 + f ∑ fi xi = 752 + 20f

Statistics 255
 The mean x of the given data is given by:

=x
∑
=
fi xi (752 + 20 f )
∑ fi (44 + f )
Now substitute the values and equate to find the missing frequency (f)
(752 + 20 f )
⇒ 18 = ⇒ 18(44 + f ) = (752 + 20f ) ⇒ 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f
(44 + f )
⇒ 792 – 752 = 20f – 18f ⇒ 40 = 2f ⇒ f = 20
So, the missing frequency, f = 20.
4. Thirty women were examined in a hospital by a doctor and the number of heart beats per minute were
recorded and summarized as follows. Find the mean heart beats per minute for these women, choosing a
suitable method.
Number of heart beats per minute 65-68 68-71 71-74 74-77 77-80 80-83 83-86
Number of women 2 4 3 8 7 4 2
Sol.
No. of heart beats/minute No of women ( fi ) xi di = xi – a fi di
65–68 2 66.5 –9 –18
65–71 4 69.5 –6 –24
71–74 3 72.5 –3 –9
74–77 8 75.5 = a 0 0
77–80 7 78.5 3 21
80–83 4 81.5 6 24
83–86 2 84.5 9 18
∑ fi = 30 ∑ fi di = 12
By using assuming mean method.

Mean ( x ) = a +
∑fdi i
= 75.5 +
12
= 75.5 + 0.4 = 75.9
∑f i 30
∴ The mean no. of heart beats per minute is 75.9
5. In a retail market, fruit vendors were selling mangoes kept in packing boxes. These boxes contained varying
number of mangoes. The following was the distribution of mangoes according to the number of boxes.
Number of mangoes 50-52 53-55 56-58 59-61 62-64
Number of boxes 15 110 135 115 25
Find the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box. Which method of finding the mean did you choose?
Sol. As we can see the class intervals are not continuous, There is a gap of 1 between two class intervals. So we have
to add 0.5 to upper class limit and subtract 0.5 from lower class limit of each interval.
Here, the values of xi and fi are large, we will use the method of step deviation to find the mean.
Here, assumed mean (A) = 57 and Class size (h) = 3
xi − A xi − 57
So=, ui =
h 3

256 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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 xi − 57
Class Interval Number of boxes ( fi ) Class mark (xi) di = xi – a ui = fi ui
3
49.5-52.5 15 51 –6 –2 -30
52.5-55.5 110 54 –3 –1 –110
55.5-58.5 135 57 = a 0 0 0
58.5-61.5 115 60 3 1 115
61.5-64.5 25 63 6 2 50
∑ fi = 400 ∑ fi ui = 25
The formula to find out the Mean is:
h∑ fi ui  25 
x= a + = 57 + 3   = 57 + 0.1875 = 57.19
∑ fi  400 
Therefore, the mean number of mangoes kept in a packing box is 57.19
6. The table below shows the daily expenditure on food of 25 households in a locality. Find the mean daily
expenditure on food by a suitable method.
Daily expenditure (in c) 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-350
Number of households 4 5 12 2 2
Sol.
Daily expenditure (in `) No. of house dds xi di = xi – a Ui fi U i
100–150 4 125 –100 –2 –8
150–200 5 175 –50 –1 –5
200–250 5 225 = a 0 0 0
250–300 2 275 50 1 2
300–350 2 325 100 2 4
∑ fi = 25 ∑ fi Ui = (–7)

 ∑ f iU i  –7
Mean ( x ) = a +  × h  = 225 +  × 50  = 225 + (–14) = 211.
 ∑ fi
  25 

∴ The mean daily expenditure of a household is ` 211.
7. To find out the concentration of SO2 in the air (in parts per million, i.e., ppm), the data was collected for
30 localities in a certain city and is presented below:
Concentration of SO2 ( in ppm) Frequency
0.00-0.04 4
0.04-0.08 9
0.08-0.12 9
0.12-0.16 2
0.16-0.20 4
0.20-0.24 2
Find the mean concentration of SO2 in the air.

Statistics 257
Sol. To find out the mean, first find the class mark of the given frequencies as follows:
Concentration of SO2 (in ppm) Frequency ( fi ) Class mark (xi) fi xi
0.00-0.04 4 0.02 0.08
0.04-0.08 9 0.06 0.54
0.08-0.12 9 0.10 0.90
0.12-0.16 2 0.14 0.28
0.16-0.20 4 0.18 0.72
0.20-0.24 2 0.22 0.44
Total ∑ fi = 30 ∑( fi xi) = 2.96
The formula to find out the mean is

Mean = x =
∑ fi xi =
2.96
= 0.099 ppm
∑ fi 30
Therefore, the mean concentration of SO2 in air is 0.099 ppm.
8. A class teacher has the following absentee record of 40 students of a class for the whole term. Find the mean
number of days a student was absent.
Number of days 0-6 6-10 10-14 14-20 20-28 28-38 38-40
Number of students 11 10 7 4 4 3 1
Sol. We will use the direct method to calculate the mean as the class size is irregular.
Find the class mark of the given interval using the formula.
upper limit + lower limit
Class mark (xi) =
2
Class interval Frequency ( fi ) Class mark (xi) fi xi
0-6 11 3 33
6-10 10 8 80
10-14 7 12 84
14-20 4 17 68
20-28 4 24 96
28-38 3 33 99
38-40 1 39 39
∑ fi = 40 ∑ fi xi = 499

The mean formula is, Mean = x =

∑ fi xi =
499
= 12.48 days
∑ fi 40
Therefore, the mean number of days a student was absent = 12.48.
9. The following table gives the literacy rate (in percentage) of 35 cities. Find the mean literacy rate.
Literacy rate (in %) 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95
Number of cities 3 10 11 8 3
Sol. Find the class mark of the given interval using the formula.
upper limit + lower limit
Class mark (xi) =
2

258 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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 In this case, the value of class mark (xi) is very large, so let us assume the mean value, a = 70 and class interval, h = 10.
 xi − a   xi − 70 
So, ui =
=   
 h   10 
Substitute and find the values as follows:

xi − a
Class Interval Frequency ( fi ) (xi) ui = fi u i
h

45-55 3 50 –2 –6
55-65 10 60 –1 –10
65-75 11 70 = a 0 0
75-85 8 80 1 8
85-95 3 90 2 6
∑ fi = 35 ∑ fi ui = –2

 ∑ fi ui   −2 
So, x = a+ × h = 70 +   ×10 = 69.42
 ∑ f   35 
 i 

Therefore, the mean literacy rate = 69.42%

Exercise-2
1. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year:
Age (in years) 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
Number of patients 6 11 21 23 14 5
Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two measures of central
tendency.
Sol. To find out the modal class, let us the consider the class interval with high frequency
Here, the greatest frequency = 23, so the modal class = 35 – 45,
lower limit of the modal class, l = 35
class size h = 15 – 5 = 10
frequencey ( f1) of modal class = 23
frequencey ( f0) of the class preceeding the modal class = 21
frequencey ( f2) of the class succeeding the modal class = 14
 ( f1 − f 0 ) 
Now, Mode = l +  ×h
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 ) 
Substitute the values in the formula, we get
 (23 − 21)  20
Mode = 35 +   × 10 = 35 + = 36.8
 46 − 21 − 14  11
So the mode of the given data = 36.8 year
upper limit + lower limit
Calculation of Mean: First find the class mark using the formula, xi =
2

Statistics 259
 Class Interval Frequency ( fi ) Class mark (xi) fi xi
5-15 6 10 60
15-25 11 20 220
25-35 21 30 630
35-45 23 40 920
45-55 14 50 700
55-65 5 60 300
∑ fi = 80 ∑ fi xi = 2830

The mean formula is: Mean = x =

∑ fi xi =
2830
= 35.37 years
∑ fi 80
Therefore, the mean of the given data = 35.37 years.
Mode = 36.8 years, Mean = 35.37 years.
Maximum number of patients admitted in the hospital are of the age of 36.8 years (appr.) while on an average the
age of a patient admitted to the hospital is 35.37 years.
2. The following data gives the information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electrical components:
Lifetime (in hours) 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120
Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29
Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.
Sol. In the given data the greatest frequencey = 61, so the modal class is 60-80.
Hence, l = 60,
The frequencies are: f1 = 61, f0 = 52, f2 = 38 and h = 20
The formula to find the mode is
 ( f1 − f 0 ) 
Mode = l +  ×h
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 ) 
Substitute the values in the formula, we get
 (61 − 52)   9 × 20  45
Mode = 60 +   × 20 = 60 +   = 60 + 8 = 60 + 5.625
 (122 − 52 − 38)   32 
Therefore, modal lifetime of the components = 65.625 hours.
3. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200 families of a village.
Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families. Also, find the mean monthly expenditure:
Expenditure (in `) Number of families
1000-1500 24
1500-2000 40
2000-2500 33
2500-3000 28
3000-3500 30
3500-4000 22
4000-4500 16
4500-5000 7

260 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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Sol. Here, the greater frequency is 40
Modal class = 1500-2000,
\ l = 1500
Frequencies: f1 = 40, f0 = 24, f2 = 33 and h = 500
 ( f1 − f 0 ) 
Mode formula: Mode = l +  ×h
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 ) 
Substitute the values in the formula, we get
 (40 − 24) 
Mode = 1500 +   × 500
 (80 − 24 − 33) 
 (16 × 500)   8000 
Mode = 1500 +   = 1500 +  23  = 1500 + 347.83 = 1847.83
 23   
Therefore, modal monthly expenditure of the families = ` 1847.83
lower class limit + upper class limit
Calculation for mean: First find the class mark using the formula, xi =
2
Let us assume a mean, a = 2750 and size, h = 1500 – 1000 = 500
di
Class Interval fi xi di = xi – a ui = f i ui
h
1000-1500 24 1250 –1500 –3 –72
1500-2000 40 1750 –1000 –2 –80
2000-2500 33 2250 –500 –1 –33
2500-3000 28 2750 = a 0 0 0
3000-3500 30 3250 500 1 30
3500-4000 22 3750 1000 2 44
4000-4500 16 4250 1500 3 48
4500-5000 7 4750 2000 4 28
∑ fi = 200 ∑ fi ui = –35
 ∑ fi ui 
The formula to calculate the mean, Mean = x = a+
 ∑ f 
×h
 i 

 −35 
Substitute the values in the given formula = 2750 +   × 500 = 2750 – 87.50 = 2662.50
 200 
So, the mean monthly expenditure of the families = ` 2662.50
4. The following distribution gives the state-wise teacher-student ratio in higher secondary schools of India.
Find the mode and mean of this data. Interpret the two measures.
No of Students per teacher Number of states / U.T
15-20 3
20-25 8
25-30 9
30-35 10
35-40 3
40-45 0
45-50 0
50-55 2

Statistics 261
Sol. Here, the greatest frequency is 10.
Modal class = 30 – 35, l = 30, Class size (h) = 5, f1 = 10, f0 = 9 and f2 = 3
 ( f1 − f 0 ) 
Mode Formula: Mode = l +  ×h
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 ) 
 (10 − 9)  5
          = 30 +   × 5 = 30 + = 30 + 0.625 = 30.625
 20 − 9 − 3  8
Therefore, the mode of the given data = 30.625
lower limit + upper limit
Calculation of mean: Find the class mark using the formula, xi =
2
Let us assume a mean, a = 32.5 and class size h = 5

xi − a
Class Interval Frequency ( fi ) Class mark xi ui = fi u i
h
15–20 3 17.5 –3 –9
20–25 8 22.5 –2 –16
25–30 9 27.5 –1 –9
30–35 10 32.5 = a 0 0
35–40 3 37.5 1 3
40–45 0 42.5 2 0
45–50 0 47.5 3 0
50–55 2 52.5 4 8
∑ fi = 35 ∑ fi ui = –23
 ∑ fi ui   −23  23
Mean = a +   × h= 32.5 +  5 32.5 − = 29.22
 ×=
 ∑ fi   35  7
Therefore, mean = 29.22
Mode = 30.6, Mean = 29.2
Most States/U. T. have a student teacher ratio of 30.6 on average, this ratio is 29.2.
5. The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsmen of the world in one- day
international cricket matches.
Run Scored Number of Batsman
3000-4000 4
4000-5000 18
5000-6000 9
6000-7000 7
7000-8000 6
8000-9000 3
9000-10000 1
10000-11000 1
Find the mode of the data.

262 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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Sol. Here the maximum frequency is 18.
∴ Modal class = 4000 – 5000, l = 4000, Class size (h) = 1000, f1 = 18, f0 = 4 and f2 = 9
 ( f1 − f 0 )   (18 − 4) 
Mode Formula: Mode = l +   × h = 4000 +   × 1000
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 )   (36 − 4 − 9) 
Substitute the values
14000
Mode = 4000 + = 4000 + 608.695 = 4608.69
23
Thus, the mode of the given data is 4608.7 runs
6. A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes and
summarized it in the table given below. Find the mode of the data:
Number of Cars 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
Frequency 7 14 13 12 20 11 15 8
Sol. Here, the maximum frequency is 20.
Modal class = 40 – 50, l = 40, Class size (h) = 10, f1 = 20, f0 = 12 and f2 = 11
 ( f1 − f 0 )   (20 − 12)   80 
Substitute the values, Mode = l +   × h = 40 +   × 10 = 40 +   = 44.7
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 )   (40 − 12 − 11)   17 
Thus, the mode of the given data is 44.7 cars.

Exercise-3
1. The following frequency distribution gives the monthly consumption of an electricity of 68 consumers in a
locality. Find the median, mean and mode of the data and compare them.
Monthly consumption (in units) 65-85 80-105 105-125 125-145 145-165 165-185 185-205
No. of Customers 4 5 13 20 14 8 4
Sol. Find the cumulative frequency of the given data as follows:
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
65-85 4 4
85-105 5 4+5=9
105-125 13 9 + 13 = 22
125-145 20 22 + 20 = 42
145-165 14 42 + 14 = 56
165-185 8 56 + 8 = 64
185-205 4 64 + 4 = 68
N = 68
N
From the table, it is observed that, N = 68 and hence = 34
2
Hence, the median class is 125-145 with cumulative frequency = 42
lower limit (l) of median class interval = 125
cumulative frequnecy (c.f.) preceding to the median class frequency = 22
frequency ( f ) of the class interval to which median belongs = 20

Statistics 263
 Class size, h = 20
N 
 2 − c. f .   (34 − 22) 
Median = l +   × h = 125 +   × 20 = 137
 f   20 
Therefore, median = 137
To calculate the mode:
Modal class = 125-145,
f1 = 20, f0 = 13, f2 = 14 and h = 20
 ( f1 − f 0 )   (20 − 13)   140 
∴ Mode = l +   × h = 125 +   × 20 = 125 +   = 135.77
 ( 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 )   (40 − 13 − 14)   13 
Therefore, mode = 135.77
Calculate the Mean:
di
Class Interval Frequency fi Class Mark xi Deviation di = xi – a ui = fi ui
h
65-85 4 75 –60 –3 –12
85-105 5 95 –40 –2 –10
105-125 13 115 –20 –1 –13
125-145 20 135 = a 0 0 0
145-165 14 155 20 1 14
165-185 8 175 40 2 16
185-205 4 195 60 3 12
∑ fi = 68 ∑ fiui = 7

∴ x = a+h
∑ fi ui =135 + 20  7  =135 + 2.05 =137.05
 
∑ fi  68 
In this case, mean, median and mode are more/less equal in this distribution.
2. If the median of a distribution given below is 28.5 then, find the value of x & y.
Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 Total
Frequency 5 x 20 15 y 5 60
Sol.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative Frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 x x+5
20-30 20 = f x + 25
30-40 15 x + 40
40-50 y x + y + 40
50-60 5 x + y + 45
Total N = 60

264 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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 N
Given data, N = 60 ⇒ = 30
2
Given Median = 28.5
∴ Median class is 20 – 30 with a cumulative frequency = 25 + x
l = 20, c.f. = 5 + x, f = 20 and h = 10
N 
 2 −Cf 
∴ Median = l +  ×h
 f 
 (30 − 5 − x) 
    28.5 = 20 +   × 10
 20 
(25 − x)
    8.5 = ⇒x=8
2
Also, 45 + x + y = 60 ⇒ y = 60 – 45 – 8 = 7
Thus, x = 8 and y = 7.
3. A Life insurance agent found the following data for the distribution of ages of 100 policy holders. Calculate
the median age, if policies are given only to the persons having age is 18 years onwards but less than the
60 years.
Age (in years) Number of policy holder
Below 20 2
Below 25 6
Below 30 24
Below 35 45
Below 40 78
Below 45 89
Below 50 92
Below 55 98
Below 60 100
Sol. The given table is cumulative frequency distribution.
Class interval Cumulative frequency Frequency
15-20 2 2
20-25 6 6–2=4
25-30 24 24 – 6 = 18
30-35 45 45 – 24 = 21
35-40 78 78 – 45 = 33
40-45 89 89 – 78 = 11
45-50 92 92 – 89 = 3
50-55 98 98 – 92 = 6
55-60 100 100 – 98 = 2
N
Given data: N = 100 and = 50
2

Statistics 265
 Median class = 35 – 40
Then, l = 35, c.f. = 45, f = 33 and h = 5
N 
 2 − c. f .   (50 − 45)   5 
Median = l +   × h = 35 +   × 5 = 35 +   × 5 = 35 + 0.75 = 35.75
 f   33   33 
Therefore, the median age = 35.75 years.
4. The lengths of 40 leaves in a plant are measured correctly to the nearest millimeter, and the data obtained
is represented as in the following table:
Length (in mm) 118-126 127-135 136-144 145-153 154-162 163-171 172-180
Number of leaves 3 5 9 12 5 4 2
Find the median length of leaves.
Sol. As we can see the class intervals are not continuous. There is a gap of 1 between two class intervals.
So, we have to reduce 0.5 from the lower limit and add 0.5 in the upper limit.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
117.5-126.5 3 3
126.5-135.5 5 8
135.5-144.5 9 17
144.5-153.5 12 29
153.5-162.5 5 34
162.5-171.5 4 38
171.5-180.5 2 40
So, the data obtained are:
N
N = 40 i.e., = 20
2
∴ Median class = 144.5 – 153.5, l = 144.5, c.f. = 17, f = 12 and h = 9
N 
 2 − c. f .   (20 − 17)  9
∴ Median = l +   × h = 144.5 +  12  × 9 = 144.5 +   = 146.75 mm
 f    4
Therefore, the median length of the leaves = 146.75 mm.
5. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps.
Lifetime (in hours) Number of lamps
1500-2000 14
2000-2500 56
2500-3000 60
3000-3500 86
3500-4000 74
4000-4500 62
4500-5000 48
Find the median lifetime of a lamp.

266 Class-X MATHEMATICS P

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Sol.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative
1500-2000 14 14
2000-2500 56 70
2500-3000 60 130
3000-3500 86 = f 216
3500-4000 74 290
4000-4500 62 352
4500-5000 48 400
N
Given N = 400 and = 200
2
∴ Median class = 3000 – 3500, l = 3000, c.f. = 130, f = 86 and h = 500
N 
 2 − c. f .   (200 − 130)   35000 
∴ Median = l +   × h = 3000 +   × 500 = 3000 +  86  = 3406.97
 f   86   
Therefore, the median life time of the lamps = 3406.97 hours
6. 100 surnames were randomly picked up from a local telephone directory and the frequency distribution of
the number of letters in English alphabets in the surnames was obtained as follows:

Number of letters 1-4 4-7 7-10 10-13 13-16 16-19

Number of surnames 6 30 40 16 4 4
Determine the median number of letters in the surnames. Find the mean number of letters in the surnames?
Also, find the modal size of the surnames.
Sol. To calculate median:
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative Frequency
1-4 6 6
4-7 30 36
7-10 40 = f 76
10-13 16 92
13-16 4 96
16-19 4 100
N N = 100
N
N = 100 and = 50
2
∴ Median class = 7 – 10, l = 7, c.f. = 36, f = 40 and h = 3
N 
 2 − c. f .   (50 − 36)  42
∴ Median = l +  ×h = 7+ ×3 = 7 + = 8.05
 f   40  40

Statistics 267
 Calculate the Mode:
Modal class = 7-10,
Where, l = 7, f1 = 40, f0 = 30, f2 = 16 and h = 3
 f1 − f 0   (40 − 30)  30
∴ Mode = l +  ×h = 7 +  ×3 = 7+ = 7.88
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2   (2 × 40 − 30 − 16)  34
Next, we need to find mean of given data
Class Interval fi xi fi  xi
1-4 6 2.5 15
4-7 30 5.5 165
7-10 40 8.5 340
10-13 16 11.5 184
13-16 4 14.5 58
16-19 4 17.5 70
∑ fi = 100 ∑ fi  xi = 832

∴ Mean = x =
∑ fi xi = 832
= 8.32
∑ fi 100

7. The distributions of below gives a weights of 30 students of a class. Find the median weight of the student.
Weight (in kg) 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75
Number of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
Sol.
Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
40-45 2 2
45-50 3 5
50-55 8 13 = c.f.
55-60 6=f 19
60-65 6 25
65-70 3 28
70-75 2 30
N
Given: N = 30 and = 15
2
Median class = 55-60, l = 55, c.f. = 13, f = 6 and h = 5
N 
 − c. f.   (15 − 13)  10
∴ Median = l +  2  × h = 55 +   × 5 = 55 + = 56.67
 f   6  6
Therefore, the median weight of the students = 56.67

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