CIE 117

Fixtures
- are receptacles attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or waste
may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

Common types of plumbing fixtures used in residences:

1. Water closet
2. Lavatory
3. Kitchen sink
4. Urinal
5. Bidet
6. Bath tub

1. Water closet
- A plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and to discharge it through a
waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium.
- are classified according to design, make, flushing mechanism, shape and installation.

Types of water closet as to design

a. Siphon washdown
- the least expensive but the noisiest,
- only small amount of standing water-susceptible to fouling, staining and contamination.
- It is mechanically satisfactory and is lower in price. Hence, it is widely used and entirely
acceptable where price is the main consideration.
b. Siphon jet
- the jet being submerged introduces its water underwater so that its operation is entirely
muffled.
- It has a large amount of standing water to prevent fouling. It is mechanically efficient but
expensive.

c. Siphon vortex
- this type of bowl develops its flushing action through the water entering through diagonal
holes around the rim which creates a swirling action which forms a vortex in the center.
- It is considered to be the most quiet, most efficient and most sanitary water closet.

d. Reverse trap
- the trap way located at the rear of the water closet eliminated the bulged at the front.
- The design and appearance of the bowl plus its large water area and quietness in
operation, make it desirable than siphon wash down

Types of water closet as to make

a. One-piece water closet
 - a water closet fixture is manufactured with the bowl and the flush tank molded into a
single unit.
- Usually used in tandem with the bidet.

b. Closed coupled water closet

- a water closet where in the flush tank is separate but is attached to the toilet bowl.
- It is a two-piece model.

c. Pail flush water closet

- a water closet comprising only of a bowl without a flush tank.
- Flushing action is obtained only through water poured from a pail or bucket.
- This is used in areas where running water systems are not available.
e. Squat bowl water
- a water closet that is otherwise known as "Easter type" since the user assumes a
squatting position rather than a sitting position.

Types of water closet as to flushing mechanics

a. Flush tank
- holds a supply of water for flushing a fixture such as the water closet.
- It has a capacity of 5 to 6 gallons

b. Flush valve
- valve designed to supply a fixed quantity of water for flushing purposes.
- It is activated by direct water pressure without the use of a flush tank.
- It is also known as Flushometer or Flushometer valve.

Types of water closet as to shape

a. Round front
- intended for installation on a limited space.
b. Elongated front
- is more comfortable but occupies a larger space.

Types of water closet as to installation

a. Free Standing (Flour mounted)
b. Wall Hung (Wall Mounted)

2. Lavatory
- A fixture designed for the washing of the hands or face.
- It is also known as wash basin.

Types of lavatory
a. Wall Hung lavatory
 b. Pedestal Lavatory
c. Counter Type Lavatory
d. One- Piece Lavatory

3. Bidet
- A plumbing fixture used for washing the middle part of the body, especially the genitals.
- It is also known as the Sitz Bath.
4. Bath tub
- A tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for one person.
- It is available in left outlet and right outlet.

5. Urinal
- A sanitary fixture equipped with a water supply and drain for flushing away urine

Types of urinal
a. Wall hung Urinal
b. Pedestal Urinal
c. Stall Urinal
d. Trough Urinal

6. Kitchen sink
- A plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply, connected with a
drain.

Types of kitchen sink

a. Single Bowl- Single Drain
b. Double Bowl- Single Drain
c. Double Bowl- Double Drain
d. Triple Bowl
e. Comer Sink

Other fixtures:
Slop sink
- deep sink, usually set low and used by janitors for emptying pails of dirty water and mop
cleaning.

Drinking fountain
- a fixture consisting of a shallow basin, together with a water jet designed to provide
potable water for human consumption.

Laundry tub
- a deep wide sink or but used for washing clothes. It is also known as Laundry Tray or
Set Tub..
Shower bath
- an apparatus for spraying water on the body, usually from above.
- Drain is through the shower bath floor drain.

Scrub sink
- a plumbing fixture usually located in the operating room in a hospital to enable personnel
to scrub their hands prior to a surgical procedure; the hot and cold-water supply is
activated by a knee-action mixing valve or by wrist or pedal control.

Plumbing Accessories
1. Soap Holder
2. Paper Holder
3. Toothbrush and tumbler holder
4. Towel holder/towel bar

Abbreviations
- are used to shortened form of a word.
- These are useful when you need to squeeze a lot of writing into a small space.
Plumbing symbols
- are used when drawing house plans and diagrams.
- The purpose of these symbols is to indicate where the different elements of your
plumbing system are located.

Plumbing Abbreviations:

AC
- Above Ceiling
AFF
- Above Finish Floor
BT
- Bath Tub
BW
- Back Water Valve
CF
- Combination Fixture
CI
- Cast Iron
CLDI
- Cement Lined Ductile Iron
CO
- Cleanout
СР
- Chrome Plated
CSS
 - Clinical Service Sink
СТЕ
- Connect to Existing
CV
- Control Valve
CW
- Cold Water
CWR
- Cold Water Retum
CWS
- Cold Water Supply
DCVA
- Double Check Valve Assembly
DF
- Drinking Fountain
DW
- Dish Washer
ES
- Ejector Sump
EWC
- Electrical Water Cooler (Drinking Fountain)
FCO
- Floor Cleanout
FD
- Floor Drain
FEC
- Fire Extinguisher Cabinet
FHV
- Fire Hose Valve
FP
- Fire Protection
FPWH
- Freeze Proof Wall Hydrant
FS
- Flow Switch
FV
- Flush Valve
GAL
- Galvanized
GCO
- Ground Clean Out
GI
- Grease Interceptor
GPF
 - Gallons per Flush
HB
- Hose Bib
HC
- Handicapped
HW
- Hot Water
HWR
- Hot Water Return
HWS
- Hot Water Supply
ID
- Inside Diameter
IW
- Indirect Waste
L
- Lavatory
LT
- Laundry Tub
MECH
- Mechanical
MSB
- Mop Service Basin
NC
- Normally Closed
NO
- Normally Open
OD
- Outside Diameter
OED
- Open End Drain
P
- Pump
PIV
- Post Indicator Valve
PLBG
- Plumbing
PRV
- Pressure Relief Valve
PSI
- Pounds per Square Inch
RD
- Rood Drain
RPBP
 - Reduced Pressure Backflow Preventer /15
SA
- Shock Absorber
SD
- Sanitary Drain
SE
- Sewage Ejector
SH or
- SHWR Shower
SK
- Sink
SS
- Soil Stack or Stainless Steel
SS
- Service Sink
TLT
- Toilet
TS
- Tamper Switch
TW
- Tempered Water
TYP
- Typical
U
- Urinal
V
- Vent
VB
- Vacuum Breaker
VFD
- Variable Frequency Drive
VS
- Vent Stack
.VTR
- Vent Through Roof
W
- Waste
WC
- Water Closet (Toilet)
WCO
- Wall Clean Out
WH
- Wall Hydrant
WS
 - Waste Stack

The drainage installation of a plumbing (DWV) system composed of three major parts:

a. Drainage
b. Waste
c. Vent

Drainage pipe
- Refers to an installation that receives and conveys discharges from water closet with or
without waste coming from other fixtures.
Waste pipe
- Any pipe in a drainage installation that receives the discharges of any fixture except
water closet and conveys the same to the soil pipe.
Vent pipe
- In plumbing system functions as air passage or conduit to ventilate the drainage and
waste pipe installation
Soil branch
- Refers to horizontal pipe affixed by the word soil.
- The word soil connotes a pipe receiving discharge from water closet.
Soil stack
- It is a vertical pipe installation where the soil branches terminate.

General condition for a good waste pipe installation:

a. By making right choice of materials

b. By conservative use of fittings
c. Right location of cleanouts
d. Right slope or grade of the pipelines

2 classification of waste pipe

a. Direct waste
b. Indirect waste

Direct waste
- is one with terminal directly connected to the plumbing system.

Different types if fixtures served by direct waste:

1. Urinals
a. Pedestal
b. Stall
c. Through

2. Bathtub
a. Silts
b. Foot
c. Bidet

3. Lavatories
a. Wall hung
b. Pedestal
c. Two pieces

4. Sink
a. Kitchen
b. Pantry
c. Slop

5. Showers
a. Single stall
b. Gang

6. Drinking fountains

7. Laboratory

8. Hospital fixture

9. Laundry

Indirect waste
- refers to connection with terminal not directly connected to the plumbing system.

Indirect waste:
1. Soda fountain
2. Bar waste
3. Refrigeration
4. Drinking fountain

Recommended minimum size of waste pipe(mm):

a. Sink waste 50

b. Slop sinks 75 or 100

c. Scullery sink 50

d. Pantry sink 38
 e. Factory wash up sink 50

f. Bathtub 38 to 50

g. Lavatories 50

h. Shower bath 50

i. Urinal 50

j. Laundry tub 38 to 50

k. Drinking fountain 32

l. Lavatory waste 50

m. Hospital fixtures 50

THE SOIL BRANCH

General conditions in installing Soil Branch:

1. The soil branch being concealed in floors, partition or lowered ceiling should be accessibly
provided with sufficient number of cleanouts
2 Cleanout should be installed wherever changes in directions are made.
3. Cleanout should be the same in diameter as the soil branch.
4. Cleanout should be located at the farthest end of the branch away from the vertical soil pipe.
5. The use of short radius fittings on soil branch when making a change of direction such as
short sanitary tee, ¼ bend and short L short be avoided.
6. À long radius fitting shall be used for a horizontal to horizontal or vertical to horizontal change
of direction. In some instances, the use of short radius fitting is only permitted on a vertical to
horizontal change of direction.
7. Soil branch shall be graded properly and carefully aligned. Crooked joint should not be
allowed.
8. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation depenas upon the scouring or self-cleaning
action for every discharge of waste. Soil branch having slope more than 2% fall has the
tendency of separating the solid waste from liquid waste.

Soil Pipe
- is any pipe that receives and conveys discharges of water closet, with or without the
discharge coming from other fixtures to the house drain of house sewer.

The National Plumbing Code on Soil Pipe provides:

1. That at least one of the vertical stacks in the plumbing system must extend full
size through the roof for the following purpose
 a. To ventilate and dispose of sewer gas above the roof.
b. To prevent siphoning of the water trap seal by force suction.
c. To prevent the possibility of back pressure which may force the water seal off the fixture
trap.

2. Any structure with a house drain installed, must have at least one soil stack or stack
vent, extended full size above the roof not less than 30cm long and should not be less
than 75mm diameter or the size of the drain whichever is smaller.

3. As a general rule, vent stack must be extended and terminate through the roof of the
building.
When the roof is to be used other than protection from the elements of weather, the vent
stack should be extended not less than 2m above the roof.

The Plumbing Code on soil pipe installation provides that:

1. The soil pipe shall be properly concealed or embedded in columns, walls or partitions,
installed prior to the construction of the buildings.
2. The entire installation in building such as location of the fixtures, thickness of the partitions,
location of doors and windows, drop ceiling, electrical layout and outlets and their relations
which each other shall be considered in the pre-planning stages prior to the rough-in work.
3. The soil branch that will directly receive waste from water closet shall be short and direct as
practicable.
4. Soil pipe joints shall be tight and free from liquid or gas leak. Installation workmanship shall
be strictly in accordance with the standard practice of the trade involved.
5. Soil pipes not embedded in concrete wall, columns or partitions shall be anchored rigidly by
means of metal hangers.
6. That changes from vertical to horizontal directions shall be done by using:
a. ¼ bend
b. Long sweep ¼ bend
c. Two 1/8 bend
d. Combination of wye and 1/8 bend