3.

4 Crash Course Chemistry

Practice Exercise
1. The element Z = 114 has been discovered recently. It 8. An element having atomic number 56 belongs to:
will belong to which of the following family group of (a) Lanthanides
periodic table and electronic configuration? (b) Actinides
(a) Carbon family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (c) Alkaline earth metals
(b) Oxygen family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (d) None of these
(c) Nitrogen family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p6 9. The number of elements present in the fifth period of
(d) Halogen family, [Rn] 5f 14 6d10 7s2 7p5 periodic table is:
(a) 10 (b) 8
2. The correct order of decreasing second ionization
(c) 32 (d) 18
enthalpy of Ti (22), V (23), Cr (24) and Mn (25) is: 
(a) Mn > Cr > Ti > V 10. Which one of the following is a metalloid?
(a) Phosphorus (b) Antimony
(b) Ti > V > Cr > Mn (c) Nitrogen (d) Bismuth
(c) Cr > Mn > V > Ti 11. Which statement is not correct for periodic classification
(d) V > Mn > Cr > Ti of elements?
(a) The properties of elements are a periodic function
3. The correct order of decreasing ionic radii among the of their atomic numbers.
following isoelectronic species is? (b) Non-metallic elements are less in number than
(a) K+ > Ca2+ > Cl– > S–2 metallic elements.
(b) Ca2+ > K+ > S–2 > Cl– (c) The first ionization energies of elements along a
period do not vary in a regular manner with increase
(c) Cl– > S2– > K+ > Ca2+ in atomic number.
(d) S–2 > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+ (d) For transition elements, the d-subshells are filled
with electrons monotonically with increase in
4. The species Ar, K+ and Ca2+ contains the same number atomic number.
of electrons. In which order do their radii increase?
12. Consider isoelectronic series: K+, S2–, Cl– and Ca2+. The
(a) Ar < K+ < Ca2+ (b) Ca2+ < Ar < K+
2+ + radii of ions decrease as:
(c) Ca < K < Ar (d) K+ < Ar < Ca2+
(a) Ca2+ > K+ > Cl– > S2–
5. In which of the following options, the order of (b) Cl– > S2– > K+ > Ca2+
arrangement does not agree with the variation of (c) S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+
property indicated against it? (d) K+ > Ca2+ > S2– > Cl–
(a) C < B < N < O (Increasing first ionization energy) 13. Element X belongs to 4th period. It contains 18 and
(b) I < Br < Cl < F (Increasing electron gain enthalpy) 1 electron in the penultimate and ultimate orbit. The
(c) Li < Na < K < Rb (Increasing metallic radius) element X should be a/an:
(d) Al3+ < Mg2+ < Na+ < F– (Increasing Ionic size) (a) normal element
(b) transition element
6. The element with atomic number 12 belongs to (c) inert gas
_______ group and _______ period.
(d) inner-transition element
(a) IA, third (b) IIIA, third
14. The outermost electronic configuration of most
(c) IIA, third (d) IIA, second
electronegative element is:
7. While moving down a group in the periodic table, ns2 np
(a)  (b) ns2 np4
which of the following would be true? ns2 np5
(c)  (d) ns2 np6
(1) All the atoms have the same number of valence 15. The process requiring the absorption of energy is:
electrons. (a) H + H →H2 (b) Cl →Cl–
2–
(2) Gram atomic volume increases. (c) O → O (d) Li+ → Li+ (aq.)
(3) Electronegativity decreases. 16. If Q (alkali metal) reacts with fluorine and oxygen,
(4) Metallic character decreases and the basic nature of the molecular formula of fluoride and oxide will be,
their oxides decreases. respectively:
(a) 1, 2, and 3 (b) 2, 3, and 4 (a) QF3, Q2O3 (b) QF, Q2O
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 (c) QF2, QO (d) None of these

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 Chapter 3 • Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 3.5

17. Which of the following species will have the smallest 28. Which statement is not correct for periodic classification
size? of elements?
(a) Li+ (b) Mg2+ (a) The properties of elements are periodic function of
(c) Al3+
(d) K+ their atomic numbers.
(b) Non metallic elements are less in number than
18. Which of following is correct? metallic elements.
(a) 2nd I.E. of Ne is more than 1st I.E. of Ne. (c) For transition elements, the 3d-orbitals are
(b) 2nd I.E. of Li is less than 2nd I.E. of Ne. filled with electrons after 3p-orbitals and before
(c) Metallic character increases from Tm to Sm. 4s-orbitals.
(d) 1st I.E. is exothermic while 2nd is endothermic. (d) The first ionization enthalpies of elements generally
increase with increase in atomic number as we go
19. The lowest electronegativity of the element from the along a period.
following atomic number is ________.
29. The period number in the long form of the periodic
(a) 37 (b) 55
table is equal to:
(c) 9 (d) 35 (a) magnetic quantum number of any element of the
20. The sequence of ionic mobility in aqueous solution is: period
(a) Rb+ > K+ > Cs+ > Na+ (b) atomic number of any element of the period
(b) Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ (c) maximum Principal quantum number of any
element of the period
(c) K+ > Na+ > Rb+ > Cs+
(d) maximum Azimuthal quantum number of any
(d) Cs+ > Rb+ > K+ > Na+
element of the period
21. Element Hg has two oxidation states Hg+1 and Hg+2. 30. Consider the isoelectronic species, Na+, Mg2+, F– and
The right order of radii of these ions: O2–. The correct order of increasing length of their radii
(a) Hg+1 > Hg+2 (b) Hg+2 > Hg+1 is:
(c) Hg+1 = Hg+2 (d) Hg+2 ≥ Hg+1 (a) F– < O2– < Mg2+ < Na+
(b) Mg2+ < Na+ < F– < O2–
22. Amongst the following, the incorrect statement is:
(c) O2– < F– < Na+ < Mg2+
(a) IE1 (Al) < IE1 (Mg)
(d) O2– < F– < Mg2+ < Na+
(b) IE1 (Na) < IE1(Mg)
31. Which of the following is not an actinoid?
(c) IE2 (Mg) > IE2 (Na)
(a) Curium (Z = 96)
(d) IE3 (Mg) > IE3 (Al) (b) Californium (Z = 98)
23. Decreasing ionization potential for K, Ca and Ba is: (c) Uranium (Z = 92)
(a) Ba > K > Ca (b) Ca > Ba > K (d) Terbium (Z = 65)
(c) K > Ba > Ca (d) K > Ca > Ba 32. Electronic configurations of four elements, A, B, C, and
D are given below:
24. The correct order of second I.P. is:
(A) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (B) 1s2 2s2 2p4
(a) Na < Mg > Al < Si 2 2 6 1
(C) 1s 2s 2p 3s (D) 1s2 2s2 2p5
(b) Na > Mg < Al > Si Which of the following is the correct order of increasing
(c) Na > Mg > Al < Si tendency to gain electron?
(d) Na > Mg > Al > Si (a) A<C<B<D (b) A<B<C<D
25. On the Pauling’s electronegativity scale, which element (c) D<B<C<A (d) D<A<B<C
is next to F? 33. The first ionization enthalpies of Na, Mg, Al, and Si are
(a) Cl (b) O in the order:
(c) Br (d) Ne (a) Na < Mg > Al < Si
(b) Na > Mg > Al > Si
26. Which pair of element does not exhibit variable O.S.?
(c) Na < Mg < Al < Si
(a) Fe, Pb (b) H, Cl (d) Na > Mg > Al < Si
(c) F, Zn (d) O, N
34. Among halogens, the correct order of amount of energy
27. An atom with high electro negativity has: released in electron gain (electron gain enthalpy) is:
(a) Large size (b) High ionization energy (a) F > Cl > Br > I (b) F < Cl < Br < I
(c) Low electron affinity (d) Low reactivity (c) F < Cl > Br > I (d) F < Cl < Br < I

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 3.6 Crash Course Chemistry

35. Which of the following is the correct order for size of 43. The screening effect of d-electrons is:
the given species? (a) Equal to the p-electrons
(a) I > I– > I + (b) I+ > I– > I (b) Much more than p-electrons
+ –
(c) I > I > I (d) I– > I > I+ (c) Same as f-electrons
36. The formation of the oxide ion, O2– (g), from (d) Less than p-electrons
oxygen atom requires first an exothermic and then an 44. Which of the following has the largest radius?
endothermic step as shown below. (a) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2 (b) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p1
O (g) + e– → O– (g); ∆H ° = – 141 kJ mol–1 (c) 1s , 2s , 2p , 3s , 3p (d) 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p5
2 2 6 2 3

O– (g) + e– → O2– (g); ∆H ° = + 780 kJ mol–1

Thus, process of formation of O2– in gas phase is 45. The correct order of atomic size of C, N, P, S is as follows:
unfavourable even though O2– is isoelectronic with (a) N < C < S < P (b) N < C < P < S
neon. It is due to the fact that: (c) C < N < S < P (d) C < N < P < S
(a) oxygen is more electronegative
(b) addition of electron in oxygen results in larger size of MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS
the ion
(c) electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained by 46. Match the correct atomic radius with the element:
achieving noble gas configuration
Column–I Column–II
(d) O– ion has comparatively smaller size than oxygen
(Element) (Atomic radius (pm))
atom
(i) Be a. 74
37. Which of the following is not a Doebereiner triad?
(ii) C b. 88
(a) Li, Na, K (b) Mg, Ca, Sr
(c) Cl, Br, I (d) S, Se, Te (iii) O c. 111
(iv) B d. 77
38. Which of the following set of elements obeys Newland’s
octave rule? (v) N e. 66
(a) Na, K, Rb (b) F, Cl, Br 47. Match the correct ionization enthalpies and electron
(c) Be, Mg, Ca (d) B, Al, Ga gain enthalpies of the following elements:
39. Which of the following is/are Doebereiner’s triad/s? Column–I Column–II
  (I) P, As, Sb   (II) Cu, Ag, Au (Elements) ΔH1 ΔH2 ΔegH
(III) Fe, Co, Ni (IV) S, Se, Te
(i)  Most reactive a. 419 3015 –48
Correct answer is
non-metal
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (II) and (III)
(c) (I) and (IV) (d) All (ii)  Most reactive b. 1681 3374 –328
metal
40. Which is not an anomalous pair of elements in the (iii) Least reactive c. 738 1451 –40
Mendeleev’s periodic table? elements
(a) Ar and K (b) Co and Ni
(iv) Metal forming d. 2372 5251 +48
(c) Te and I (d) Al and Si
binary halide
41. Which is the correct match?
48. Electronic configuration of some elements are given in
(I) Eka silicon – Be Column–I and their electron gain enthalpies are given
(II) Eka aluminium – Ga in Column–II. Match the electronic configuration with
(III) Eka manganese – Tc electron gain enthalpy:
  (IV) Eka scandium – B
(a) (II) and (III) (b) (I), (II), and (IV) Column–I Column–II
(c) (I) and (IV) (d) All of these (Electronic (Electron gain
configuration) enthalpy (kJ mol-1))
42. Modern periodic table is based on atomic number. The (i) 1s2 2s2 2p6 a. –53
experiments which proved importance of atomic number 2 2 1
(ii) 1s 2s 3s b. –328
was _______.
(a) Bragg’s work on X-ray diffraction (iii) 1s2 2s2 2p5 c. –141
2 2 4
(b) Moseley’s work on X-ray spectrum (iv) 1s 2s 2p d. +48
(c) Mulliken’s oil drop experiment
(d) Lother Meyer curve plotted between atomic volume
and atomic weight

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 Chapter 3 • Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 3.7

STATEMENT-BASED QUESTIONS 49. Statement I: 1st IE of Mg is higher than that of Na,

but the 2nd IE of Na is higher than that of Mg.
Direction for questions 49 and 50: Given below are Statement I and
Statement II: Mg has pair of electrons in valence shell
Statement II. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
while Na has unpaired electron. Mg+ has unpaired elec-
(a) Statement I is correct Statement II is false tron in valence shell while Na+ has complete octet.
(b) Statement I is incorrect Statement II is true
50. Statement I: Li and Mg show diagonal relationship.
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are true
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are false Statement II: Li and Mg have very close ionic and atomic
radii. Also, their polarizing powers are almost same.

Answer Key
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (b) 17. (c) 18. (a) 19. (b) 20. (d)
21. (a) 22. (c) 23. (b) 24. (b) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (c) 30. (b)
31. (d) 32. (a) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (c) 40. (d)
41. (a) 42. (b) 43. (d) 44. (a) 45. (a) 46. (i Æ c) (ii Æ d) (iii Æ e) (iv Æ b) (v Æ a)
47. (i Æ b) (ii Æ a) (iii Æ d) (iv Æ c) 48. (i Æ d), (ii Æ a), (iii Æ b), (iv Æ c) 49.­  (c) 50. (c)

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 Hints and Explanations H.9

Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

1. Z = 114 17. Al3+ is the smallest one as it has higher nuclear charge.
Electronic configuration = [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 K+ = 1.38 Å, Li2+ = 0.76 Å, Mg2+ = 0.72 Å, and
Period = 7th Al3+ = 0.535 Å.
p-block Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Gp. No = 2 + 2 = IVth (Carbon family) 18. IE2 > IE1
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
2. Ionization enthalpy increases from left to right across the 19. Z= 37, Rb
period. Due to stable half-filled configuration of chro- Z = 55,Cs → lowest electronegativity
mium, it is exceptional to this rule. So, the correct order of Z = 9, F
ionization energy is: Z = 35, Br
Cr > Mn > V > Ti
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
20. Smaller the size of cation, higher will be hydration and lower
3. Size ∝ magnitude of "−" charge
will be ionic mobility.
1
µ Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Magnitude of " + " charge
21. Hg+ > Hg2+; Hg+ has one extra electron compare to Hg2+
Hence, S2– > Cl– > K+ > Ca2+. due to which there is less effective nuclear charge on the
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). outermost electrons.
4. The correct order of radius is: Ca2+ < K+ < Ar. Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). 22. IE1 of Na < Mg (Mg has 3s2 ; fully filled orbital)
5. The correct order of first ionization energy is: IE2 Mg < Na (Na+ has noble gas configuration)
B<C<O<N Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). 23. Left to Right ⇒ I.P. ↑, Ca > K
6. Magnesium is a second group and third period element. Top to bottom ⇒ I.P. ↓, Ba < Ca
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). Ca has highest I.P.
7. While moving down the group, metallic character and basic Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
nature increases.
24. e– 10 12 11 13
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
IP2 Na+ > Mg+ < Al+ > Si+
8. Barium has atomic number 56 which belongs to alkaline earth
metals. 2p6 3s1 3s2 3s23p1
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
9. The number of elements present in the fifth period of 25. Oxygen is second-most electronegative element.
periodic table is 18. Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). 26. F → -1
10. Amongst the options, antimony is the metalloid. Zn → +2
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
11. There is a variation in filling of orbitals of elements like Cu 27. High electronegativity means, more energy is required to
or Cr. So, the electrons are not filled monotonically. remove an electron from its valence shell. Thus, it will have
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). high ionization energy.
12. Since, all the species are isoelectronic, their charge depicts the Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
size of the ion. Higher the negative charge, larger the size and
28. According to the Aufbau principle, the 3d orbital is filled
lower the positive charge, larger the size.
after 4s orbital.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
13. The element belongs to 4th period and it contains 18 and 1
electron in the penultimate and ultimate orbit respectively. 29. The period number in the long form of the periodic table is
Therefore, the electronic configuration of the element is 1s2, equal to number of shells and the Principal quantum number.
2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d10, 4s1 ⇒ Transition metal Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). 30. Since all the species are isoelectronic, their charge depicts the
14. Most electronegative element = Fluorine : 2s2 2p5 size of the ion. Higher the negative charge, larger the size and
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). lower the positive charge, larger the size.
15. Second electron affinity is always endothermic. Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). 31. Terbium is lanthanide.
16. For element Q, Valency = 1 Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).

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 H.10 Hints and Explanations

32. Element A has the noble gas configuration, therefore, it has O < N < C < B < Be or, Be = 111 pm, O = 66 pm,
least electron gain enthalpy whereas, elements D lacks 1 C = 77 pm, B = 88 pm, N = 74 pm.
electron to achieve noble gas configuration. Therefore, it has Hence, the correct answer is ((i Æ c) (ii Æ d) (iii Æ e)
highest electron gain enthalpy. (iv Æ b) (v Æ a)).
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
47. (i) Most reactive non-metal – b (Most negative ΔegH)
33. Mg has 3s2 as outermost orbital which is fully filled and has
extra stability. (ii) Most reactive metal – a (Low ΔH1, and high ΔH2)
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). (iii) Least reactive elements – d (Very high ΔH1 and positive ΔegH)
34. Due to very small size of F atom, it repels the extra electron (iv) Metal forming binary halide – c (Low ΔH1 and ΔH2)
added. Thus, order of Deg H is: F < Cl. Hence, the correct answer is ((i Æ b) (ii Æ a) (iii Æ d)
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). (iv Æ c)).
35. Anion of the same species is always bigger in size and cation 48. (i) This electronic configuration corresponds to the noble
of the same is always smaller in size.
gas, i.e., neon. Since, noble gases have +ΔegH values,
Hence, the correct answer is option (d).
therefore, electronic configuration (i) corresponds to
36. The process of formation of O2– in gas phase is unfavourable the ΔegH = +48 kJ mol-1.
even though O2– is isoelectronic with neon. It is because of (ii) This electronic configuration corresponds to the alkali
the electron repulsion faced by the oxygen atom.
metal, i.e., potassium. Alkali metals have small have
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
negative ΔegH values, hence, electronic configuration
37. The following is not a Doebereiner triad as the atomic mass of (ii) corresponds to the ΔegH = -53 kJ mol-1.
middle element is not the mean of the other two elements. (iii) This electronic configuration corresponds to the halo-
Mg Ca Sr gen, i.e., fluorine. Since, halogens have high negative
24 40 88 the ΔegH values, therefore, electronic configuration (iii)
88 + 24 112 corresponds to ΔegH = -328 kJ mol-1
= = 56
2 2 (iv) This electronic configuration corresponds to the ­chalcogen,
Hence, the correct answer is option (b). i.e., oxygen. Since, chalcogens have ΔegH values less nega-
38. As every eighth element is similar in properties to first one, tive than those of halogens, therefore, electronic configura-
Be, Mg, Ca obeys Newland’s octave rule. tion (iv) corresponds to ΔegH = -141kJ mol-1.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c). Hence, the correct answer is ((i Æ d), (ii Æ a),
39. P, As, Sb and S, Se, Te are Doebereiner’s triad because the atomic (iii Æ b), (iv Æ c)).
mass of middle element is the mean of the other two elements.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
40. Anomalous pair was the pair of those elements in which the STATEMENT-BASED QUESTIONS
increasing order of atomic masses was not obeyed.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). 49. The 2nd IE of sodium is higher than that of magnesium
41. Eka aluminium = Ga because after losing an electron, sodium attains the stable
Eka manganese = Tc noble gas configuration. On the other hand, magnesium after
losing one electron still has one electron.
Ga and Tc were not discovered at the time of Mendeleev.
The octet rule states that atoms with an atomic number
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
below 20 tend to combine so that they each have eight elec-
42. Moseley's work on X-ray spectrum proved the significance of
trons in their valence shells, which gives them the same elec-
atomic number on the periodicity of elements.
tronic configuration as a noble gas.
Hence, the correct answer is option (b).
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
43. The screening effect of d-electrons is less than p-electrons.
Hence, the correct answer is option (d). 50. Li and Mg shows the diagonal relationship.
44. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2 has the largest radius as fewer electrons are It is due to the similarity in ionic sizes and charge/radius ratio
present in the same shell. of the elements.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a). The atomic size of lithium and magnesium are 152 pm and
45. N < C < S < P according to their positions in the periodic table. 160 pm respectively. Their ionic sizes are 76 pm and 72 pm
respectively. Due to this lithium resembles magnesium.
Hence, the correct answer is option (a).
Also, the charge density of Lithium ion and Magnesium ion
MATRIX MATCH TYPE QUESTIONS is almost the same. That's why there polarising powers are
almost same.
Hence, the correct answer is option (c).
46. All the given elements are of same period and along period,
atomic radii decrease because effective nuclear charge
increases. Thus, the order of atomic radii is:

M03_Hints.indd 10 07-Jan-22 9:24:32 AM