Summary of key quantities, symbols and units The list below is intended as a guide to the more important quantities which might be encountered in teaching and used in question papers. ‘This list is for use in both AS Level and full A Level qualifications. Usual symbols "Usual unit; “3. electric current thermodynamic temperature amount of substance (Other quantities acceleration ‘acceleration of free fall activity of radioactive source amplitude ‘angle angular displacement angular frequency angular speed angular velocity area slafs|el~|a >lele le lololx |>fo |e atomic mass attenuation/absorption coeficent ‘Avogadro constant Boltzmann constant ‘capacitance Celsius temperature decay constant piderety displacement distance efficiency electric charge electric field strength electric potential electric potential difference electromotive force electron mass elementary charge \3 alalmi<|<|mla ls fale fe |>lelo}=[2 f= rs x ° 3‘gravitational constant gravitational field strength gravitational potential halflife Hall voltage heating Hubble constant. intensity internal energy change Winetic energy luminosity magnetic flix ‘magnetic flux density ‘mean-square speed ‘molar gas constant moment of force momentum “neutron mass neutron number nucleon number ‘umber ‘number density (number per unit volume) period permeability of free space permittivity of free space phase difference Planck constant. potential energy power pressure proton mass ‘proton number radiant flux intensity resistance resistivity * Usual symbols * EUW <2 lelelal~|> xe | Plo els € fe js]>[2|>J2la fe |s]>4}=]e]- = fe | 3 b> |] m [Na fe |e hela lobe mes® Jeol*K* Nm Ns kguz kgm? ¢ ee L Jig? uywe mst ¢ mst t Nm o wimtkt ' « Pa ® s T Nm uume ms? vy m a m w N wi J o d ‘Young modulus E PaFormulae uniformly accelerated motion hydrostatic pressure upthrust Doppler effect for sound waves electric current Tesistors in series resistors in parallel s =ut+ laf? Vv =u? +2as Ap = pgsh F=pgV ty “Vay, I= Anvq R=R +R, +. bribed FenThe following formutze will appear on page 3 in Paper 4, gravitational potential gravitational potential energy pressure of an ideal gas simple harmonic motion a=-o%x velocity of particle in s.h.m. electric potential electrical potential energy capacitors in series capacitors in parallel discharge of a capacitor Hall voltage alternating current/voltage x =x,sinot radioactive decay decay constant intensity reflection coefficient Stefan—Boltzmann law AA Af oy Doppler redshift cData and formulae The following data and formulae will appear on page 2 in Papers 1,2 and 4, Data acceleration of free fall speed of light in free space elementary charge unified atomic mass unit rest mass of proton rest mass of electron Avogadro constant molar gas constant Boltzmann constant gravitational constant permittivity of free space Planck constant Stefan—Boltzmann constant .81ms 3.00 x 10°ms* @ = 1.60 x 10°C 4u = 4.66 x 1077kg 1.67 x 10°77 kg 9.11 x 10%"kg 6.02 x10" mol R =8.31JK mor k= 1.38x 1074 G = 6.67 x 10-"'Nm?kg? & = 8.85 x 10-7 Fm ana 8.99 x 10° mF“ h =6.63x 10™Js o = 5.67 x 10° Wm?Lowercase zen 2 Capital > Lowercase on: + Chi ! Omega Table Gi The Greek AlphabetCommand words command words and ther mesrings help candidates know whats expected from ther nthe exam table below includes command words used in the assessment for this syllabus. The use ‘of the command word will relate tothe subject context. ‘Command word "What it means Calculate ‘work out from given facts figures of Information Comment give an Informed opinion Compare identify/comment on similarities and/or diferences Define give precise meaning Describe state the points of a topic/ give characteristics and main features Determine ‘establish an answer using the information available Explain set out purposes or reasons /make the relationships between things evident / provide ‘why and/or how and support with relevant evidence Give produce an answer froma given source orrecal™memory Identify name/selectrecognise Justify “support case with evidence/argument Predict suggest what may happen based on available information ‘Show (that) provide structured evidence that leads to a given result ‘Sketch make a simple freehand drawing showing the key features State express in dear terms Suggest apply knowledge and understanding to situations where there are a range of valid responses in order to make proposals