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Physics-for-JEE-Main-Advanced- -KVPY
IIT Delhi (Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi)

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Contents oF FRee sAMPLe booK

1. Units and Measurements 1–15

This sample book is prepared from the book

"Authentic SHORTCUTS, TIPS & TRICKS in
PHYSICS for JEE Main, Advanced & KVPY".

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Contents oF CoMPLete booK

SL.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO.

1. Units and Measurements 1–15
2. Motion in a Straight Line 16–29
3. Motion in a Plane 30–49
4. Laws of Motion and Circular Motion 50–74
5. Work, Energy and Power 75–87
6. Collisions and Centre of Mass 88–105
7. Rotational Mechanics 106–138
8. Gravitation 139–154
9. Mechanical Properties of Solids 155–165
10. Fluid Mechanics 166–195
11. Thermal Properties of Matter 196–212
12. Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory 213–231
13. Oscillations 232–257
14. Wave Motion 258–275
15. Electrostatics 276–312
16. Current Electricity 313–334
17. Moving Charges and Magnetism 335–355
18. Electromagnetic Induction 356–380
19. Alternating Current and EM-Waves 381–394
20. Ray Optics 395–439
21. Wave Optics 440–453
22. Photons, Atoms and Nuclei 454–472
23. Semiconductor Electronics:
Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits 473–482
24. Logic Gates & Communication Systems 483–488

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Units and
Measurements 1
Topic: Errors in Measurements and Dimensions.
Review of Formulae
1. The true value : If a1, a2, ..............., an are the observed value of a quantity,
then its true value is given by
a1 + a2 + ....... + an n
=a =
n
∑ ai
i =1

2. Absolute error = true value – observed value

or ∆ai = ai – a
3. Mean absolute error
| ∆a1 | + | ∆a2 | +.......+ | ∆an | 1 n
∆=
a
n
=
n
∑ | ∆ai |
i =1

∆a
4. Relative error = , and percentage error
a
∆a
= × 100
a
5. Error in computed quantity
(i) If ±∆x and ±∆y be the absolute errors in X and Y respectively and
if Z = X + Y, then maximum possible error in Z; ∆z = ±(∆x + ∆y)
(ii) If Z = X – Y, then ∆z = ±(∆x + ∆y)
∆z  ∆x ∆y 
(iii) If Z = XY, then = ± + 
Z X Y 
X ∆z  ∆x ∆y 
(iv) If Z = , then =
± + 
Y Z X Y 
∆z  ∆x 
(v) If Z = Xn, then = ±n  
Z X
KX aY b ∆z  ∆x ∆y ∆w 
(vi) If Z = =
± a +b +c
W 
, then
W c Z  X Y
The absolute error has the same unit as the quantity itself, but fractional
error has no unit.

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XY ∆z  ∆x ∆y (∆x + ∆y ) 
6. If Z = , then =
± + +
X +Y Z X Y X + Y 
7. Least count of vernier callipers
L.C. = Length of one division of main scale – length of one division of
vernier scale
Length of one division of main scale
or L.C. =
number of divisions on Vernier scale
8. Least count of a screw gauge
Pitch
L.C. =
[total number of divisions on the circular scale]

Tips and Tricks for Shortcut Solutions

1. Plane angle and solid angle have units but no dimensions.

L
2. Resistance R, capacitance C and inductance L then CR, LC and
R
have dimensions of time.

1
3. Dimensions of are of speed. Also if E is the electric 昀椀eld and B is
µ0 ∈0

the magnetic 昀椀eld, then dimensions of E/B are of dimensions of speed.

1 2 
B2  Li 
4. Dimensions of ∈0E2, dimensions of and  2 –1 –2
 are ML T ,
2µ0  vol 

and that of energy density (energy/vol.). Here i is the current.

µ0
5. Dimensions of are of resistance R.
∈0

6. Dimensions of CB2l2 are of mass m. (Here C, capacitance, B magnetic field

and l, length).
7. Dimensions of qvB, qE and Bil are of force, MLT–2. (q → charge, v → velocity,
B → magnetic field, i → current, R → length) E → electric field.

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Dimensional Constants:
1. Dimensions of gravitational constant (G) : [M–1L3T–2]
2. Dimensions of Plank’s constant (h) : [ML2T–1]
3. Dimensions of gas constant (R) : [ML2T–2k–1 mol–1]
4. Dimensions of coef昀椀cient of viscosity (h) : [ML–1T–1]
Dimensionless constants : Reynolds number (RN), Mach number (M), Refractive
index (m), Relative density, Relative permittivity (∈r), Relative permeability (mr).
Mathematical Ratios are Dimensionless
1. Trigonometric ratio: sin, cos, tan etc.
[sin ]
Dimensionless
2. [log x]
Dimensionless
3. [ex] Dimensionless
Physical Quantities Having Same Dimensions:
1. Distance, displacement, height, width, radius, wavelength, radius of gyration
[L].
2. Force, weight, tension, thrust, energy gradient [MLT–2].
3. Work, energy, moment of force [ML2T–2].
4. Force constant, surface tension [MT–2].
5. Angular momentum, angular impulse, Plank’s constant [ML2T–1].
6. Angular velocity, frequency, velocity gradient, decay constant [T–1].
7. Stress, pressure, modulus of elasticity, energy density [ML–1T–2].
8. Wave number, power of lens, Rydberg’s constant [L–1].

Illustration 1
 a 
in the equation,  P + 2  (V − b) =
RT , where
 V 
T is the temperature, p is the pressure and V is the volume, what are the dimension
of constant ‘a’ ?
Solution :
a
Dimension of = dimension of P
V2
\ Dimension of a = dimension of P × dimension of V2

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= [ML–1T–2][L3]2
= [ML5T–2] Ans.

Illustration 2
Fv 2  2πβ 
in the expression a = log e  2  , 昀椀nd the dimensions of a and b. Here F is
β2  v 
the force and v is the velocity.

Short-cut solution :
Fv 2   2 πβ  
Given, a = log e  2  
β2   v 
Dimensionless
2πβ
Dimensions of =1
v2
\ Dimensions of b = dimensions of v2
= [LT–1]2 = [L2T–2].
Fv 2
Dimensions of a =
β2
[MLT –2 ][LT –1 ]2
= = [ML–1T0]. Ans.
[L2 – T –2 ]2
Illustration 3
Find the dimensions of length in terms of L, R, µ0 and ∈0 as fundamental units.
Short-cut solution :
Distance = speed × time
 1  L
=   ×  
 0 ∈0
µ  R
= [LR–1µ0–1/2∈0–1/2]. Ans.
Illustration 4
If E, the electric 昀椀eld, B the magnetic 昀椀eld, C the capacitance and L the inductance
are taken as fundamental units, then 昀椀nd dimensions of radius of gyration in
terms of these quantities.
Short-cut solution :
Radius of gyration = Distance = speed × time
= (E/B) × LC
= E B–1L1/2C1/2. Ans.

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Illustration 5
if force ‘F’, energy ‘E’ and velocity ‘V’ are chosen as fundamental quantities,
then 昀椀nd dimensions of acceleration.

Short-cut solution :

F F F
Acceleration = =  =
m 1 2 E /V 2
 mv 
 2 
 v2 
 2 

= [FE–1V2]. Ans.
Illustration 6
The speed of light ‘c’, gravitational constant ‘G’ and plank’s constant ‘h’ are
taken as the fundamental units in a system. Find the dimensions of length in this
new system of units.

Short-cut solution :
Multiplying G and h and dividing by c3, we have
Gh [M –1L3T –2 ][ML2T –1 ]
3 =
c [LT –1 ]3
= L2
\ L = c–3/2G1/2h1/2. Ans.

Illustration 7
if energy E, velocity v and time T are chosen as fundamental units, the dimensions
of surface tension will be:
(a) [Ev–2T–2] (b) [Ev–2T2] (c) [Ev2T–1] (d) [Ev–2T–1]

Short-cut solution :
Surface tension = force
length
(energy/ length)
=
length
= (energy/ length2)
= energy/ (speed × time)2
E
= = [ Ev −2T −2 ] . Ans. (a)
v 2T 2

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Illustration 8
Let l, r, c and v represent inductance, resistance, capacitance and voltage
l
respectively. The dimensions of in Si units will be : [JEE Main 2019]
rcv
(a) [LA–2] (b) [A–1] (c) [LTA] (d) [LT2]

Short-cut solution :

As we know  l  = [T]
r 
 
and [cv] = charge = [AT]
l = T
\ = [A–1]. Ans. (b)
rcv AT

Illustration 9
if speed (v), acceleration (A) and force (F) are considered as fundamental units,
the dimensions of Young’s modulus will be: [JEE Main 2019]
(a) v–2A2F–2 (b) v–2A2F2 (c) v–4A–2F (d) v–4A2F

Short-cut solution :
stress (force/area)
Young’s modulus = =
strain 1
force force
= =
length 2 (speed×time) 2

force force× acc 2

= 2
=
 speed  speed 4
speed 2 ×  
 acc 
= [Fv–4A2]. Ans. (d)

Illustration 10
in terms of potential difference V, electric current i, permeability e0 permeability
µ0 and speed of light c, the dimensionally correct equation(s) is/ are:
[JEE Adv. 2015]
(a) µ0i2 = e0V2 (b) µ0i2 = ∈0V (c) i = e0cV (d) µ0ci = e0V

Short-cut solution :

µ0 V 
2
Option (a) =  
∈0 I

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µ0
As = R, resistance,
∈0

V
also = R, resistance. So it is correct option.
I
V 1
Option (c) =
I ∈0 c

1 µ0
= = . Ans. (a, c)
1 ∈0
∈0
µ0 ∈0

Both sides of above equation are equal to R, so this option is also correct.

Illustration 11
if momentum (p), area (A) and time (T) are taken to be fundamental quantities,
then energy has the dimensions of
1
–
(a) [pA–1T1] (b) [p2AT] (c) [ PA 2T ] (d) [ PA1/2T –1 ]

Short-cut solution :

Energy = force × displacement

momentum
= × area
time
P
= A = [ PA1/2T –1 ] . Ans. (d)
T

Illustration 12

A new system of units is proposed in which unit of mass is a-kg, unit of length is
b- meter and unit of time is g-(s). How much will 5 J measure in this new system?

Solution :

Using, n1 u1 = n2u2 [ u = kg-m2/s2]

n1[M1L12T1–2] = n2[M2L22T2–2]
2 –2
M L  T 
\ n2 = n1  1   1   1 
 M 2   L 2   T2 

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2 2
= 5  1 kg   1m  1γ second 
    
 α − kg   β − m   γ − s 

γ2
= 5 Ans.
αβ 2
Illustration 13
A student uses a simple pendulum of exactly 1 m length to determine g, the
acceleration due to gravity. He uses a stop watch with the least count of 1 second
for this and records 40 seconds for 20 oscillations. Find the maximum percentage
error in the determination of value of g. [iiT-JEE - 2010]

Short-cut solution :

l
We know that T = 2π
g

l
or T2 = (4π)2
g

l
or g = (4π)2
T2
∆g ∆l ∆T
\ × 100 = × 100 + 2 × 100
g l T
As the length of the string is exactly 1m, so ∆l = 0,
∆T ∆t / n ∆t 1
also = = =
T t / n t 40
∆g ∆T
Now × 100 = 2 × 100
g T
1
= 2× × 100 = 5%. Ans.
40

Video Solution 1
Q. The current voltage relation of diode is given by i = (e1000V/T – 1) mA,
where the applied voltage V is in volt and temperature T is in kelvin. if a
student makes an error measuring ± 0.01 V while measuring the current of
5mA at 300 K, what will be the error in the value of current in mA?
[JEE-Main- 2014]
To see the video solution, scan the QR code:
OR Visit https://bit.ly/shortcuts-physics

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Illustration 14
in the experiment of ohm’s law, a potential difference of 5.0 V is applied across
the end of a conductor of length 10.0 cm and diameter of 5.00 mm. The measured
current in the conductor is 2.00A. The maximum permissible percentage error in
the resistivity of the conductor is : (JEE Main 2021)
(a) 3.9 (b) 8.4 (c) 7.5 (d) 3.0
Solution : We know,
V
R =
I
ρ V
or =
A I
π
V ( d 2)
VA 4
or r = =
I I
∆ρ  ∆V ∆d ∆ ∆I 
\ × 100 =  V + 2 d +  + I  × 100
ρ  
 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.01 
=  5.0 + 2 × 5.00 + 10.0 + 2.00  × 100
 
= 3.9% Ans.

Illustration 15
While measuring the length of the rod by vernier callipers the reading on main
scale is 6.4 cm and the eight division on vernier is in line with marking on main
scale division. If the least count of callipers is 0.01 and zero error –0.04 cm, 昀椀nd
the length of the rod.

Short-cut solution :
Length of the rod = observed reading – zero error
= (Main scale division + Vernier scale division
× LC) – Zero error
= (6.4 + 8 × 0.01) – (– 0.04)
= 6.4 + 0.08 + 0.04 = 6.52 cm. Ans.

Illustration 16
The circular head of a screw gauge is divided into 200 divisions and move 1 mm
ahead in one revolution. Find the pitch and least count of the screw gauge. if the
same instrument has a zero error of –0.05 mm and the reading on the main scale
in measuring diameter of a wire is 6 mm and that on circular scale is 45, 昀椀nd the
diameter of the wire.

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Short-cut solution :
Pitch = 1 mm
Number of divisions on circular scale = 200
pitch
LC =
number of divisions on circular scale

= 1mm = 0.005 mm = 0.0005 cm. Ans.

200
Diameter of the wire = (Main scale reading + Circular scale reading × LC)
– Zero error
= 6 mm + 45 × 0.005 – (–0.05)
= 6 mm + 0.225 mm + 0.05 mm
= 6.275 mm. Ans.

Concept Booster Exercise

B2
1. Find the dimension of [JEE Main 2020]
2µ0
(a) ML–1 T–2 (b) ML2 T–2
(c) ML–1 T2 (d) ML–2 T–1
2. Expression for time in terms of G (universal gravitational constant), h (Planck con-
stant) and c (speed of light) is proportional to: [JEE Main 2019]
hc5 c3 Gh Gh
(a) (b) (c) (d)
G Gh c5 c3
3. If L denotes the inductance of an inductor through which a current i is 昀氀owing, the
dimensions of Li2 are :
(a) ML2T–2 (b) not expressible in MLT
(c) MLT–2 (d) M2L2T–2
4. Planck’s constant h, speed of light c and gravitational constant G are used to form a
unit of length L and a unit of mass M. Then the correct option(s) is (are)
[JEE Adv. 2015]
(a) M ∝ C (b) M∝ G

(c) L∝ h (d) L∝ G
5. Let e0 be the absolute permittivity, er be the relative permittivity, m0 and mr be the
absolute and relative permeability respectively. If M represents mass, L represents
length, T represents time and I represents current, then :
(a) [e0] = [M–1 L–3 T–2 I] (b) [(e0 m0)2] = [M0 L–4 T4]
(c) [er mr] = [M0 L–2 T2] (d) [er] = [mr]

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6. The value of resistance is 10.845 Ω and the value of current is 3.23 A. The potential
difference is 35.02935 volt. Its value in signi昀椀cant number would be :
(a) 35 V (b) 35.0 V Numeric/Integer
(c) 35.03 V (d) 35.029 V
7. In an experiment on simple pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity,
a student measures the length of the thread as 632 cm and diameter of the pendulum
bob as 2.256 cm. The student should take the length of the pendulum to be :
Numeric/Integer
(a) 64.328 cm (b) 64.36 cm [KVpY-2017]
(c) 65.456 cm (d) 65.5 cm
8. A screw gauge advances by 3mm in 6 rotations. There are 50 divisions on circular
scale. Find least count of screw gauge ? [JEE Main 2020]
(a) 0.002 cm (b) 0.001 cm Numeric/Integer
(c) 0.01 cm (d) 0.02 cm

9. The following observations were taken for determining surface tension T of water
by capillary method :
Diameter of capilary, D = 1.25 × 10–2 m
rise of water, h = 1.45 × 10–2 m
rhg
Using g = 9.80 m/s2 and the simpli昀椀ed relation=
T × 103 N/m, the possible
2
error in surface tension is closest to : Numeric/Integer
(a) 2.4% (b) 10%
(c) 0.15% (d) 1.5%

10. A spectrometer gives the following reading when use to measure the angle of a
prism.
Main scale reading : 58.5 degree
Numeric/Integer
Vernier scale reading : 09 divisions
Given that 1 division on main scale corresponds to 0.5 degree. Total divisions on the
vernier scale is 30 and match with 29 divisions of the main scale. The angle of the
prism from the above data is: [AiEEE 2012]
(a) 58.77 degree (b) 58.65 degree
(c) 59 degree (d) 58.59 degree

11. The length and width of a rectangular room are measured to be 3.95 ± 0.05 m and
3.05 ± 0.05 m, respectively, the area of the 昀氀oor is : [KVpY -2017]
Numeric/Integer
(a) 12.05 ± 0.01 m2 (b) 12.05 ± 0.05 m2
(c) 12.05 ± 0.34 m2 (d) 12.05 ± 0.40 m2

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12. Students A, B and C measure the length of a room using 25 m long measuring tape
of least count (LC) 0.5 cm, meter-scale of LC 0.1 cm and a foot-scale of LC 0.05 cm,
respectively. If the speci昀椀ed length of the room is 9.5 m, then which of the following
students will report the lowest relative error in the measured length?[KVpY -2020]
(a) Student A (b) Student B
(c) Student C (d) Both, student B and C
13. The time period of a body undergoing simple harmonic motion is given by T = paDb-
Sc, where p is the pressure, D is density and S is surface tension. The values of a, b
and c respectively are [KVpY -2020]
1 3 3 1
(a) 1, , (b) , – ,1
2 2 2 2
1 3 3 1
(c) 1, − , (d) − , ,1
2 2 2 2

14. The time period of a simple pendulum is given by T = 2π  . The measured value
g

of the length of pendulum is 10 cm known to a 1 mm accuracy. The time period for

200 oscillations of the pendulum is found to be 100 second using a clock of 1 second
resolution. The percentage accuracy in the determination of ‘g’ using this pendulum
is ‘x’. The value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is : [JEE Main 2021]
(a) 2% (b) 3%
(c) 5% (d) 4%
15. A student measures the time period of 100 oscillations of a simple pendulum four
times. The data set is 90 s, 91 s, 95 s, and 92 s. If the minimum division in the mea-
suring clock is 1 s, then the reported mean time should be: [JEE Main 2016]
(a) 92 ± 1.8 s (b) 92 ± 3s
(c) 92 ± 2 s (d) 92 ± 5.0 s

Solutions
B2
1. (a) Energy density in magnetic field =
2µ0

Force × displacement MLT −2 ⋅ L

= 3 = = ML–1 T–2.
(displacement) L3
2. (c) Let t ∝ Gx hy Cz
Dimensions of G = [M–1L3T–2],

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h= [ML2T–1] and C = [LT–1]
[T] = [M–1L3T–2]x[ML2T–1]y[LT–1]z
[M0L0T1] = [M–x+y L3x+2y+z T–2x–y–z]
By comparing the powers of M, L, T both the sides
–x+y=0⇒x=y
3x + 2y + z = 0 ⇒ 5x + z = 0 ..... (i)
–2x – y – z = 1 ⇒ 3x + z = –1 ..... (ii)
Solving eqns. (i) and (ii),
1 5 Gh
x= y= ,z= − ∴ t∝
2 2 c5

3. (a) The dimensions of Li2

= ML2T–2A–2 × A2
= ML2T–2
= dimensions of energy.
4. (a, c, d) L ∝ hx cy Gz
Dimensionally
[M0L1T0] = [ML2T–1]x[LT–1]y[M–1L3T–2]z
M0L1T0 = Mx – z L2x + y + 3z T–x – y – 2z
\ x–z=0 ⇒ x=z
\ 2x + y + 3z = 1 and –x – y – 2z = 0
1 3 1
On solving we get, x = ,y= – ,z=
2 2 2
\ L∝ h ; L∝ G
(c, d) are correct options
M ∝ hxcyGz
M′L°T° ∝ [ML2T–1]x [LT–1]y [M–1L3T–2]Z
\ M′L°T° ∝ Mx – z L2x + y + 3z T– x – y –2z
\ x–z=1
2x + y + 3z = 0
–x – y – 2z = 0
1 1 1
On solving we get, x = ,y= ,z= –
2 2 2

\ M∝ c
(a) is the correct option.

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5. (a, b, d) er and mr are dimensionless.
6. (b) The significant number in the potential, V = iR; should be the minimum of
either i or R. So corresponding to i = 3.23 A, we have only three significant
numbers in V = 35.02935 V. Thus the result is V = 35.0 V.
Error and Instrument
7. (b) Effective length should be taken up to centre of mass
2.256
le = 63.2 + = 64.328
2
So, student should take the length of pendulum to be 64.3 cm.
By signi昀椀cant 昀椀gures le = 64.3 cm.
3
8. (b) Pitch = = 0.5 mm
6
0.5mm 1
L.C. = = mm = 0.01 mm = 0.001 cm
50 100
rhg
9. (d) Surface tension,=
T × 103
2
∆T ∆r ∆h
Relative error in surface tension, = + +0
T r h
(Q g, 2 and 103 are constant)

Percentage error
∆T  10 –2 × 0.01 10 –2 × 0.01 
100=
×  + 100
T  1.25 × 10
–2
1.45 × 10 –2 

= (0.8 + 0.689)
= (1.489) = 1.489% @ 1.5%
10. (c) Reading of Vernier = Main scale reading + Vernier scale reading × least count.
Main scale reading = 58.5
Vernier scale reading = 09 division
least count of Vernier = 0.5°/30
0.5°
Thus R = 58.5° + 9 ×
30
R = 58.65
11. (c) Area, A = bl = 3.95 × 3.05 = 12.05 m2
∆A ∆b ∆l 0.05 0.05
\ = + = + = 0.016 + 0.012 = 0.028
A b l 3.05 3.95
\ ∆A = 0.028 × 12.05 or 12.05 ± 0.34 m2

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12. (a) Student A : Length of scale = 25 m
Least count = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m
Student A can measure the length of 9.5 m by using the scale only once so there
will be an error of 0.005 m in 9.5 m.
0.005
\ Relative error = = 0.0005
9.5
Student B : Length of scale : 1 m = 100 cm
Least count = 0.05 cm
To measure 9.5 m, student B has to use this meter scale atleast 10 times
0.05
\ Relative error = × 10 = 0.005 cm
100
Student C : Length of scale : 1 foot = 30.48 cm
Least count = 0.05 cm
To measure 9.5 m student c has to use this scale approximately 31 times
0.05
\ Relative error = × 31 = 0.05cm
30.48
\ Relative error is least for Student A.

13. (d) [T '] = [m a L− aT −2 a mb L−3b mcT −2c ]

[T '] = [m a + b + c L− a −3bT −2 a − 2c ]
a+b+c=0
–a – 3b = 0
–2a – 2c = 1
−3 1
On solving=a =,b = ,c 1
2 2
 
T2 = 4 π
2
14. (b) T = 2π or
g g

or g = 4π2
T2
∆g ∆ ∆T
\ × 100 = × 100 + 2 × 100
g  T
 0.1 1 
=  10 + 2 × 100  × 100 = 3%.
 
| ∆T | + | ∆T2 | + | ∆T3 | + | ∆T4 |
15. (a) ∆T = ∆T = 1
4
2 +1+ 3 + 0
= = 1.5
4
As the resolution of measuring clock is 1.5 therefore the mean time should be
92 ± 1.5

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