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Rise of Communism

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57 views11 pages

Rise of Communism

Uploaded by

john.phiroze
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Rise of Communism in China

OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Historical Background
3. May 4th movement
4. Communist Party of China
5. Mao Zedong
6. Second Sino Japanese War
7. Chinese Civil War/Chinese Communist Revolution
8. People’s Republic of China v/s Republic of china
9. Results
10. Conclusion
Introduction
● Communism is a political economic doctrine that aims to replace private
property and profit based economy with public ownership
● The main reason for the rise of communism in China was the failing policies and
actions used by the Kuomintang or the nationalist party
● General chiang kai shek took over the nationalist leadership after the death of
Dr. Sun yat Sen
● Chiang kai shek mainly concentrated on the military unification and reforms
were given minor importance
● This weakened the nationalist party and contributed to the rise of communist
party
Brief Historical background
for rise of communism in China
A. Fragmentation.

● After overthrowing Qing Dynasty, Sun Yat-Sen who was in exile,came back to
China and was nominated as the Provisional President.
● He was pushed aside by the warlords as he tried to bring new constitutional
reforms.
● Chinese war-lords were at first private governors who maintained armies and
collected taxes.
● As they became self sufficient,they became independent of Peking.
● One of them, YUAN SHI-KAI gained presidency.
● Sun Yat-Sen decided to form a strong political party on
modern lines known as KUOMINTANG, the National
People's Party popular as KMT.
● In 1916 began era of blatant war-lordism.
● Leaders of robber bands moved in and by force of arms
became warlords of provinces.
● They were the dictators of the territory they controlled with
their armies.
B. The Semi-Colonial Status of China.

● In the course of the 19th century, foreign powers had firmly established their
separate enclaves (concessions) in the major coastal cities.

● They had extensive economic-political privileges.

● Along with the power of local warlords, these foreign privileges were a major
obstacle to any Chinese political movement aiming to unify the country.
C. The Need for Social Reform and Change.

● The social structure of China was obsolete.

● In particular, the gentry class (landlords who sometimes were also local officials)
was an obstacle to modernization.

● They dominated the peasants, who made up the vast majority of the population.

● Almost all of them lived in abject poverty, dying like flies in the recurrent
famines.
The Beginnings of Chinese Communism.

● Many Chinese intellectuals were attracted by Marxism

● In June 1918, the head librarian at Beijing University, Li Dazhao, saw the
revolution in backward Russia as a model for China.

● He established a Marxist study group at the university, which Mao Zedong


joined in 1919.
● As with Russian Marxists, the main problem facing the Chinese Marxists was
the fact that the vast majority of the population was made up not of workers, but
of peasants.

● Li Dazhao circumvented this obstacle by claiming that foreign exploitation of


China made all its people an exploited proletariat.
● Moreover, he claimed that China could not be liberated without the liberation of
the peasants.
● He urged young Marxists to go into the countryside, and they began to do so in
1920.

The Chinese communist party came into existence at Shanghai in


1921.
● This came to be kown as CCP The Communist Party of China.
. REFERENCES

● Professor Dan Bays ,The Chinese Revolution and Chinese Communism


● Arif Dirlik, The Origins of Chinese Communism, New York and Oxford, 1989.
● Edgar O Ballance , Red Army of China(a short history)
to 1949

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