A person who committed a crime regardless whether reported or referred.

Scientific sense

Criminological Sense*

Legal sense

Crime sense

A person who was found guilty beyond reasonable doubt.

Scientific sense

Criminological Sense

Legal sense*

Crime sense

Name of a person At the police stage- SUSPECT

criminal

Suspect*

Respondents

Accused

Name of a person At the Prosecutors office-RESPONDENT

criminal

Suspect

Respondents*

Accused

Name of a person At the trial of the case in court-ACCUSED

criminal

Suspect

Respondents

Accused *

Name of a person At the Correctional Institution- CONVICT (PDL)

criminal

Suspect

PERSON DEPRIVED LIBERTY*

Accused

Name of a person After serving sentence, brought back to community-

CRIMINAL (GOPI)

GRADUATE OF PENAL INSTITUTION*

Suspect

Respondents

Accused

defined as the system of law enforcement, adjudication, and coercion that is directly involved in the
apprehension, prosecution, and control of those charged with criminal offense.

ARREST

PENAL SYSTEM

ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM

JUSTICE SYSTEM

-defines the elements that are necessary for an act to constitute as a crime and therefore punishable.

PROCEDURAL

SUBTANTIVE*

CRIME

LAW

-refers to a statute that provides procedures appropriate for the enforcement of the Substantive
Criminal Law.

PROCEDURAL*

SUBTANTIVE

CRIME

LAW

PHILOSOPHIES BEHIND THE CJS assumes innocence, the prosecutor has the burden of proof and the
emphasis is given on the proper procedures

Law approach

Crime approach

Adversarial Approach*

Inquisitorial Approach

PHILOSOPHIES BEHIND THE CJS assumes guilt the accused has the burden of proof the emphasis is on
the conviction of the accused

Law approach

Crime approach

Adversarial Approach

Inquisitorial Approach*
-prime mover of CJS, frontline of the CJS, initiator of the system, first contact of the law violatorIt
investigates, makes arrests and prepares evidence against the suspects needed to prosecute them.

COMMUNITY

LAW ENFORCEMENT*

PROSECUTOR

COURT

Is the elimination of the opportunity for the commission of a crime.

POLICE PATROL

CRIME PREVENTION*

POLICE VISIBILITY

FOOT PATROL

Patrol has been described as the backbone of the police department. Theoretically, patrol officers are
the most valuable people in the organization.

POLICE PATROL*

CRIME PREVENTION

POLICE VISIBILITY

FOOT PATROL

CRIMINAL APPREHENSION - the legal term for criminal apprehension is arrest.

POLICE PATROL

CRIME PREVENTION

POLICE VISIBILITY

CRIMINAL APPREHENSION*

the taking of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of
an offense.

COMMITMENT ORDER

MITTIMUS ORDER

ARREST*

ARREST WARRANT

an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippines, signed by a judge and directed
to a peace officer, commanding him to take a person into custody in order that he may be bound to
answer for the commission of an offense.

COMMITMENT ORDER

MITTIMUS ORDER

ARREST

ARREST WARRANT*
an order in writing issued in the name of the People of the Philippine, signed by a judge and directed
to a peace officer, commanding him to search for personal property described therein, and bring it
before the court

SEARCH WARRANT*

MITTIMUS ORDER

ARREST

ARREST WARRANT

is an art, which deals with identity and location of the offender and provides evidence of his guilt in
criminal proceedings.

PRELIMENARY INVESTIGATION

INVESTIGATION

FORENSIC INVESTIGATION

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION*

Is the course of action or process where by accusations are brought before

a court of justice to determine the innocence or guilt of he accused.

COMMUNITY

PUNISHMENT

PROSECUTION*

ARREST

The prosecutor is the officer government whose function of

the government whose function is the prosecution of criminal actions
partaking the nature of criminal actions.

COMMUNITY

LAW ENFORCEMENT

PROSECUTOR*

COURT

is an inquiry or proceeding to determine whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-

founded belief that a crime has been committed and the respondent is probably guilty thereof and
should be held for trial

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

PROSECUTION

TRIAL

Preliminary investigation*

refers to the existence of such facts and circumstances as would excite a belief in a reasonable mind,
acting on the facts within the knowledge of the prosecutor, that the person charged is guilty of the
crime for which he is prosecuted.
EVIDENCE

PROBABLE CAUSE*

PROOF

CRIMINAL EVIDENCE

is a sworn written statement charging a person with an, offense, subscribed by the offended party,
any peace officer or other public officer charged ,with the enforcement of the law violated.

INFORMATION

AFFIDAVIT

COMPLAINT*

INVESTIGATION LETTER

an accusation in writing charging a person with an offense, subscribed by the prosecutor and filed
with the court.

INFORMATION*

AFFIDAVIT

COMPLAINT

INVESTIGATION LETTER

is an inquiry made by the duty prosecutor to determine the legality of the arrest made especially
those arrests made without a warrant.

INFORMATION

INQUEST PROCEDURE

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

INVESTIGATION

as the third pillar, is said to be the centerpiece of the criminal justice system and its primary and most
important function as a component of the criminal justice system is to decide whether the accused is
guilty or not guilty of the crime he is accused of committing.

COMMUNITY

LAW ENFORCEMENT

PROSECUTOR*

COURT

is the power to apply the laws to contests or disputes concerning legally recognized rights or duties of
and between the state and the private persons or between individual litigants in cases properly
brought before the judicial tribunals.

PROSECUTOR POWER

JUDICIAL POWER*

LAW POWER

COURT POWER
It is the authority of the court to hear and try a particular offense.

VENUE

TERRITORIAL

JURISDICTION*

JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER

It is the authority of the court to hear and try a particular offense and to impose the punishment
provided by law.

CRIMINAL JURISDICTION*

TERRITORIAL

JURISDICTION

JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER

Refers to the place, location or site where the case is to be heard on its
merits.

VENUE*

TERRITORIAL

JURISDICTION

JURISDICTION OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER

KINDS OF JURISDICTION when the court is empowered to decide all disputes which may come before
it except those assigned in other courts.

EXCLUSIVE

GENERAL*

APPELLATE

ORIGINAL

Limited – KINDS OF JURISDICTION when the court has the authority to hear and determine only a few
specified cases.

EXCLUSIVE

GENERAL

APPELLATE

LIMITED*

KINDS OF JURISDICTION when the court can try and hear a case presented

for the first time

EXCLUSIVE

GENERAL

APPELLATE

ORIGINAL*
KINDS OF JURISDICTION when the court can try a case already heard and decided by a lower court,
removed from the latter by appeal

EXCLUSIVE

GENERAL

APPELLATE*

ORIGINAL

KINDS OF JURISDICTION when the court can try and decide a case which cannot be presented before
any other court

EXCLUSIVE*

GENERAL

APPELLATE

ORIGINAL

KINDS OF JURISDICTION when any of two or more courts may take

cognizance of a case.

EXCLUSIVE

GENERAL

CONCURRENT*

ORIGINAL

the highest court of the land. composed of a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices. has appellate
jurisdiction over cases decided by the Court of Appeals and has the power of judicial review. the court
of last resort

COURT OF APPEAL

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

SANDIGAN BAYAN

SUPREME COURT *

headed by a Presiding Justice and composed of sixty-eight (68) Associate Justices. has appellate
jurisdiction over cases decided by the Regional Trial Courts. It reviews not only the decisions and
orders of the Regional Trial Courts nationwide, but also those of the Court of Tax Appeals.

COURT OF APPEAL*

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

SANDIGAN BAYAN

SUPREME COURT
presided by a Regional Judge. has general jurisdiction over criminal cases and has jurisdiction over
offenses punishable with imprisonment of six (6) years and one (1) day and over.

COURT OF APPEAL

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT*

SANDIGAN BAYAN

SUPREME COURT

This special court is tasked to handle criminal cases involving graft and corruption and other offenses
committed by high- ranking public officers and employees in connection with the performance of
their functions.

COURT OF APPEAL

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

SANDIGAN BAYAN*

SUPREME COURT

It has both the original and appellate jurisdictions over civil and criminal tax cases involving the
National Internal Revenue Code, Tariff and Customs Code and the Local Government Assessment
Code.

COURT OF TAX APPEAL*

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT

SANDIGAN BAYAN

SUPREME COURT

It has exclusive jurisdiction over cases that pertain to family rights and duties as well as contractual
relations of Filipino Muslims.

COURT OF TAX APPEAL

SHAIRA COURTS*

SANDIGAN BAYAN

SUPREME COURT

the reading of the criminal complaint or information to the defendant, by the judge or clerk of court
and asking him whether he pleads guilty or not guilty as charged.

Arraignment*

Pre-trial

Trial

Judgment
a conference called by the judge that requires the presence of both the prosecution and the accused
before the beginning of a trial

Arraignment

Pre-trial*

Trial

Appeal

the process whereby the accused, the offended party and the prosecution work out a mutually
satisfactory disposition of the case subject to court approval

Pre-trial

Trial

Plea bargaining#

Appeal

is the examination before a competent tribunal, according to the laws of the land, of the facts put in
issue in a case, for the purpose of determining such issue. It is the period for the introduction of
evidence by both parties.

Pre-trial

Trial*

Judgment

Appeal

if the judge finds the accused guilty of the charges against him.

Judgement of acquittal

Judgement of guilty

Judgement of innocence

Judgement of conviction*

if the judge finds the accused not guilty of the charges against him.

Judgement of acquittal*

Judgement of guilty

Judgement of conviction
is an official proclamation or announcement of the decision of the court.

Judgement of acquittal*

Promulgation of judgement

Judgement of innocence

Judgement of conviction

the elevation by an aggrieved party of any decision, order or award of a lower body to a higher body,
by means of a document which includes the assignment of errors, memorandum of arguments in
support thereof, and the reliefs prayed for.

Pre-trial

Trial

Plea bargaining

Appeal*

It is the branch of administration of criminal justice charged with the responsibility for the custody,
supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It also deals with punishment, treatment and
incarceration of offenders.

Community

Correction

Court

Law enforcement

A branch of criminology which deals with the treatment management and

administration of inmates

CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY OF LAW

PENOLOGY*

CORRECTIONS

imprisonment is supposed to be the payment of the offender to the victim or the victims family for
the crime he committed against him or them.

ISOLATION

RETRIBUTION *

PENALTY

PUNISHMENT
imprisonment is supposed to discourage convicted offenders from
committing crimes again because of their experience in the prison or jail -at the same time,
imprisonment is supposed to discourage

ISOLATION

RETRIBUTION

DETTERENCE*

PUNISHMENT

convicted offenders are separated from society to prevent them from

committing another crime at the same time, imprisonment protects law-abiding citizens from the
harm criminals may inflict on them.

ISOLATION*

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY

PUNISHMENT

this involves the use of punitive and disciplinary measures such as solitary confinement to modify or
reform criminal behavior whose conduct and deportment is not totally responding to rehabilitation
programs

ISOLATION

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY

REFORMATION *

based on the premise that through correctional intervention, such as educational and vocational
training and psychotherapeutic programs, an offender may be changed

REHABILITATION*

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY

PUNISHMENT

the effort of correction to change criminal behavior should result in a situation and ability on the part
of the penitent offender to return to society in some productive and meaningful capacity in a free
community.

REINTEGRATION*

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY

PUNISHMENT
the suffering that is inflicted by the State for the transgression of
the law.

REHABILITATION

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY*

PUNISHMENT

it is the redress that the state takes against the offender member of society

REHABILITATION

RETRIBUTION

PENALTY

PUNISHMENT*

is a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge directing the jail or
prison authorities to receive the convicted offender for service of sentence.

COURT ORDER

JAIL ORDER

MITTIMUS*

COMMITMENT ORDER

is a written order of a court or authority consigning a person to jail or prison for detention.

COURT ORDER

JAIL ORDER

MITTIMUS

COMMITMENT ORDER*

an attached agency of the Department of Justice, principal task is for the rehabilitation of prisoners
maintains its offices at the New Bilibid Prison Compound in Muntinlupa City, exercises over all control
and supervision of all the corrections/prisons OF facilities nationwide

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

PROVINCIAL CORRECTION

PENOLOGY

BUREAU OF CORRECTION*

jails for the safekeeping of prisoners at the capital of each province. It shall be under the supervision
and control of the provincial governors.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

PROVINCIAL CORRECTION*

PENOLOGY

BUREAU OF CORRECTION
created by virtue of Republic Act 6975, exercises supervision and control over all district, city and
municipal jail nationwide. Formally established on January 2, 1991.

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology*

PROVINCIAL CORRECTION

PENOLOGY

BUREAU OF CORRECTION

those held for security reasons, investigation, those awaiting or undergoing trial and awaiting
judgment.

SENTENCE PRISONER

DETENTION PRISONER*

PRISONER

CONVICT

those convicted by final judgment and are serving their sentence

SENTENCE PRISONER*

DETENTION PRISONER

PRISONER

CONVICT

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS WITH THE IMPRISONMENT OF 1 day to 6 months.

DETENTION PRISONER

PROVINCIAL PRISONER

CITY JAIL PRISONER

MUNICIPAL PRISONER*

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS WITH THE IMPRISONMENT OF 1 day to 3 years

DETENTION PRISONER

PROVINCIAL PRISONER

CITY JAIL PRISONER*

MUNICIPAL PRISONER

CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS WITH THE IMPRISONMENT OF 6 months one day to 3 years

DETENTION PRISONER

PROVINCIAL PRISONER*

CITY JAIL PRISONER

MUNICIPAL PRISONER
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS WITH THE IMPRISONMENT OF Sentenced to 3 years 1 day to Reclusion
Perpetua or Life Imprisonment.

National or insular Prisoners *

PROVINCIAL PRISONER

CITY JAIL PRISONER

MUNICIPAL PRISONER

is a form of executive clemency grantedby the President as a

privilege extended to convicts as a discretionary act of grace.

PAROLE

AMNESTY

PAROLE

PARDON*

Kinds of pardon refers to the total extinction of the criminal liability of the
individual

PAROLE

AMNESTY

Conditional *

Absolute PARDON

Kinds of pardon refers to an exemption of an individual, within certain limits or conditions, from the
punishment that the law inflicts for the offense he has committed resulting in the partial extinction of
his criminal liability.

PAROLE

AMNESTY

Conditional

Absolute PARDON*

the temporary stay of the execution of a sentence, usually a death sentence

REPRIEVE*

AMNESTY

PAROLE

PARDON
an act of clemency by which a heavier or longer sentence is
reduced to a lighter or shorter term

REPRIEVE

AMNESTY

COMMUTATION OF GOOD SENTENCE*

PARDON

a special form of pardon exercised by the President a general pardon extended to a

certain class of people who are usually political offenders

REPRIEVE

AMNESTY*

PAROLE

PARDON

a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of individual response and
progress within the correctional institution and a service by which they are provided with necessary
control and guidance as they serve the remainder of their sentence within the community

REPRIEVE

AMNESTY

PAROLE*

PARDON

It is a privilege granted by the court to a person convicted of a criminal offense to remain in the
community instead of actually going to prison. Is a disposition under which a defendant after
conviction and sentence, is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and under the
supervision of a probation officer.

PROBATION*

AMNESTY

PAROLE

PARDON

is a system of justice administered at the barangay level for the purpose of amicable
settling disputes through mediation, conciliation or arbitration among the family or barangay without
resorting to the courts.

Katarungang Barangay*

BARANGAY

KATARUNGANG KAPAYAPAAN

KORTE NGA BARANGAY

Serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs,
projects, and activities in the community, and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people
may be expressed, crystallized, and considered, and where disputes may be amicably settled.

LOCAL UNIT

BARANGAY*

MUNICIPALITY

SITIO

is a body organized in every barangay composed of Punong Barangay as the Chairperson and not less
than ten (10) and not more than twenty (20) from which the members of every Pangkat shall be
chosen.

Katarungang Barangay

LUPONG BARANGAY

LUPONG TAGAMAPAYAPA*

KORTE NGA BARANGAY