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Project 2
Assignment

Name: Ahmed Atef Abd-Elghafar

Unit: 5 – A specialist engineering project

Learning aim: B

Supervisor: ENG\ Mohamed Abdulfatah

Rabas
-Content
o Project management process
1. Resources required for the project
2. Time scale analysis
3. Project’s contingencies and constrains consideration
4. Resources plan
5. Risk management

o Project’s technical specification

• Function
• Features
• Interfaces
• Materials to be used
• Standards relevant to that product
• Environmental and Sustainability issues
• Maintenance and Performance requirements.
• Other relevant factors

o Project’s implementation progress

o Outline test plan

• Non-Destructive Tests
• Destructive Tests

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 “Project management process”

1- Resources required for the project

• Hardware Components
- Motors for movement and trash collection mechanisms
- Sensors (e.g., proximity sensors, cameras) for trash detection
- Microcontroller or microprocessor for processing inputs and controlling
the robot
- Power supply or batteries

• Software:
- Programming environment (e.g., Arduino IDE)
- Code libraries for sensor and motor interfacing
- Algorithms for object detection and classification

• Tools
- Soldering iron and supplies for circuit assembly
- Screwdrivers, wrenches, and other hand tools for mechanical assembly
- Computer with necessary software installed

• Expertise:
- Knowledge in robotics, electronics, and programming
- Design skills for creating the robot’s physical layout
- Project management to oversee the development process

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2- Time scale analysis
• Time plan
Task Time needed
Buying material and About 3~4 weeks from 15/11/2023 to 6/12
Components
Designing "Body-Arm" About 4~5 weeks from 6/12/2023 to 10/1/2024
Programming About 4 weeks from 10/1/2024 to 7/2/2024
Installation About 5 weeks from 7/2/2024 to 13/3/2024
Testing About 4 weeks from13/3/2024 to 17/4/2024
Total In range of 26 week "6 months"
The time needed is divided into different weeks
-total time is 22 week but we needed 4 weeks for
task planning and searching for material and
components used from 4/10/2023 to 8/11/2023

• Critical path analysis “Roadmap-Milestones”

- It helps to identify the most time-critical tasks. By focusing on these
critical activities, we can optimize resource allocation, minimize delays,
and ensure timely project completion. Essentially, it provides a roadmap
for efficient project management.

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3- Project’s contingencies and constrains consideration
• Technical Constraints:
- Limitations of the sensors and hardware components
- Software limitations, such as processing power or algorithm efficiency
- Battery life and power management
• Operational Constraints:
- Maintenance requirements and ease of repair
- Safety measures to prevent accidents or malfunctions

• Regulatory Constraints:
- Compliance with local laws and regulations regarding robotics and
waste management
• Project Contingencies:
- Backup plans for component shortages or delays
- Strategies for dealing with unexpected technical challenges
- Budget overruns and funding availability

4- Resources plan
• Internet:
- Online forums and communities (e.g., GitHub, Stack Overflow)
- Databases and journals for the latest research in robotics
- Suppliers’ websites for hardware components

• Humans
- Mentors or advisors with expertise in robotics
- Peers who can provide feedback and collaborate on the project
- Professional consultants for specialized knowledge

• Books
- Textbooks on robotics, electronics, and programming
- Manuals for specific hardware or software being used

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• Equipment
- Access to a lab or workspace with necessary tools and machinery
- Computers with software for design and programming
- Testing equipment to evaluate the robot’s performance

5- Risk management
• Identify Risks and Issues
- List potential technical, operational, and environmental risks.
- Document any current issues impacting the project.

• Assess Impact and Probability

- Evaluate the potential impact of each risk on the project.
- Determine the likelihood of each risk occurring.

• Develop Mitigation Strategies

- Plan actions to reduce or eliminate the impact of risks.
- Assign responsibilities for managing each risk.

• Monitor and Review

- Regularly update the log with new risks or changes in status.
- Review the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.

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 “Project’s technical specification”

• Functions:
- Automated Trash Detection: Utilize machine learning algorithms to
differentiate trash from other objects.
- Precision Collection: Implement a combination of mechanical arms or
suction mechanisms to pick up various types of trash.
- Material Separation: Use sensors to sort collected trash into appropriate
bins within the robot.

• Features:
- Self-navigation: Equip the robot with GPS and mapping software for
route planning and area coverage.
- Energy Efficiency: Design the power system to maximize battery life and
include energy-saving modes.
- Safety Protocols: Integrate emergency stop functions and hazard
detection to prevent accidents.

• Interfaces:
- Remote Monitoring Interface: Develop a dashboard for users to track the
robot’s progress, battery level, and bin fullness.
- Maintenance Alerts: Set up a system to inform users of maintenance
needs or operational issues.
- Data Reporting: Provide analytics on the amount and type of trash
collected for environmental impact assessment.

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• Materials to be used
- For that project, it’s divided into four parts where each part has a different
function and a different material

▪ Part 1: Robot’s body

- It will be made of aluminum due to
its light weight, ease of manufacture
and its flexibility

▪ Part 2: Trash bin

- We will use plastic because it’s the
cheapest material to manufacture
and its light weight

▪ Part 3: Robot’s Arm – Hand

- Arms: They will be made of aluminum alloy due
to its strength so it wouldn’t be broken if it’s
collecting heavy objects

- Hands: They will be manufactured from plastic

so it will be light and easy to manufactured

-The holder of that arms will be made of steel

because it’s powerful than aluminum so it will
hold these arms with hands

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• Standards relevant to that product
▪ Safety Standards:
- BS EN ISO 13849-1: Addresses safety-related parts of control systems,
including risk assessment and performance levels.

▪ Environmental Standards:
- ISO 14001: Environmental management systems standard that can guide
sustainable waste management practices.
- BS EN 13432: Certification for compostable packaging materials.

▪ Waste Management Standards:

- BS 8001: Framework for implementing circular economy principles.
- BS EN 1501-1: Waste collection terminology and general requirements.

▪ Electrical and Electronic Standards:

- BS EN 60950-1: Safety of information technology equipment.

• Environmental and Sustainability issues

- Waste Accumulation: Unmanaged trash can lead to environmental
pollution and harm ecosystems.
- Energy Consumption: High energy usage impacts both operational costs
and environmental footprint.
- Material Selection: Non-recyclable or harmful materials in the robot’s
construction contribute to waste.
- Noise Pollution: Loud operation can disturb the environment and nearby
residents.
- End-of-Life Disposal: Proper disposal of the robot at the end of its lifecycle
is essential.

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• Maintenance and Performance requirements.
▪ Maintenance Requirements:
- Regular sensor calibration to ensure accurate trash detection.
- Cleaning and lubrication of moving parts (wheels, collection mechanisms).
- Battery maintenance (charging, replacement if needed).
- Inspection of electrical connections and wiring.

▪ Performance Requirements:
- Trash Detection Accuracy: High success rate in identifying trash items.
- Collection Efficiency: Timely and effective trash pickup.
- Autonomous Navigation: Reliable obstacle avoidance and path planning.
- Battery Life: Sufficient runtime for daily operation.

• Other relevant factors

▪ Tolerances:
-Ensure precise alignment of sensors and moving parts.
-Account for variations in terrain and environmental conditions.

▪ Security:
- Protect against unauthorized access (e.g., secure communication protocols).
- Prevent tampering or vandalism.
▪ Operational Conditions:
- Consider weather extremes (heat, cold, rain) and adapt the robot’s design.
- Address low-light conditions for accurate trash detection.
▪ Process Capability:
- Evaluate the robot’s ability to perform consistently under varying
scenarios.
- Optimize algorithms for efficient trash collection.
▪ Reliability:
- Minimize failures during operation.
- Implement redundancy where critical (e.g., redundant sensors).
▪ Capacity:
- Determine the maximum trash load the robot can handle.
- Balance capacity with energy efficiency.

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 “Project’s implementation progress”

- Based on the technical specification the project is made as a 3D

model so it can be manufactured in real as it made as a drawing
⎯ Project’s final model
- This model is a representation
of how the project will be after
manufacturing where each part is
- connected with other

⎯Physical parts of the project

- While the 3D model is represented each part of the project is
manufactured

Figure l Figure ll Project's arms holder

Project's body part 1

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 -As these parts is manufactured it was the same as the 3D model so it
can represent the project functionality.

⎯ Project’s circuit design “Simulation”

- Before each part is installed it was simulated in the previous circuit diagram
to show how the system’s hardware wiring would be and to test each part
individually

“Outline test plan”

• Non-Destructive Tests:
▪ Sensor Calibration:
- Parameters: Accuracy, range, and response time.
- Test: Place known trash items at varying distances and angles. Verify
sensor readings.

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 ▪ Navigation Efficiency:
- Parameters: Path planning, obstacle avoidance.
- Test: Run the robot in a controlled environment with obstacles. Measure
successful navigation.

▪ Battery Life:
- Parameters: Runtime per charge.
- Test: Fully charge the robot and run it continuously until battery
depletion.

▪ Wireless Communication:
- Parameters: Range, reliability.
- Test: Operate the robot remotely from different distances.

• Destructive Tests:
▪ Mechanical Stress:
- Parameters: Load capacity, durability.
- Test: Apply increasing weight to the collection mechanism until failure

▪ Environmental Resilience:
- Parameters: Water resistance, temperature tolerance.
- Test: Expose the robot to rain, extreme heat, and cold.

▪ Collision Impact:
- Parameters: Structural integrity.
- Test: Simulate collisions with obstacles and assess damage.

o Before the project is implemented it must be followed with these

processes so It can be manufactured and implemented successfully
with a high efficiency with sustainability friendly materials and
operation and it can be tested regularly so it can be launched as a
successful product

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