8.

INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
Q1. In ∆ ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. Determine:
(i) sin A, cos A (ii) sin C, cos C
Q2. If sin A = , calculate cos A and tan A.

Q3. Given 15 cot A = 8, find sin A and sec A.

Q4. Given sec Ө = , calculate all other trigonometric ratios.

Q5. In triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan A = find the value of:

(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C (ii) cos A cos C – sin A sin C
Q6. If tan 𝐴 = , find the value of (sin 𝐴 + cos 𝐴) sec 𝐴.

Q7. cos A = 25, find the value of 4 + 4 tan2A

Q8. Evaluate the following:
(i) sin 60° cos 30° + sin 30° cos 60° (ii) 2 tan²45° + cos²30° – sin²60°
° ° °– °
(iii) (iv)
° ° ° ° °
° ° ² °
(v)
° ² °
( )( )
Q9. If cot 𝜃 = , then evaluate .
( )( )

Q10.If 7 sin2 θ + 3 cos2 θ = 4, then find the value of tan θ

Q11. Write the value of −
²Ө ²Ө
Ө ²Ө
Q12. Given that tan θ = then find the value of
√ Ө ²Ө

Prove the following using trigonometric identities:

Q13. cos⁴A - cos²A = sin⁴A - sin²A Q14. sin⁶A + cos⁶A = 1 - 3 sin²A cos²A

Q15. + = 1 + tan 𝐴 + cot A Q16. =2+

Ө

Q17. + = 2 cosec A Q18. + = 2 cosec 𝐴

² ⁴
Q19. sec²𝜃 − =1
⁴ ²

Q20. (1 + cot 𝐴 + tan𝐴) (sin 𝐴 − cos 𝐴) = sin 𝐴 tan 𝐴 − cot 𝐴 cos A

– –
Q21. = Q22. sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1.

Q23. 1 + 1+ =
Q24. (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃) = Q25. = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Q26. + =

Q27. = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴) = 1 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴

Q28. =

Q29. 2(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) − 3(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃) + 1 = 0

Q30. = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 Q31. − = −

Q32. = Q33. + =

Q34. − = − Q35. = = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃

Q36. = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 Q37. = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

Q38. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚 & 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑛, Show that 𝑚 − 𝑛 = 4√𝑚𝑛.

Q39. If 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = √2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴, Prove that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴.
Q40. If 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 𝑎 & 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 𝑏, Prove that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 .
Q41. (sin30° + cos30°) – (sin 60° + cos60°) is:
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
Q42. Value of tan30°/cot60° is:
(A) 1/√2 (B) 1/√3 (C) √3 (D) 1
Q43. sec2θ – 1 = ?
(A) tan2θ (B) tan2θ + 1 (C) cot2θ – 1 (D) cos2θ
Q44. If cos A = 4/5, then tan A = ?
(A) 3/5 (B) ¾ (C) 4/3 (D) 4/5
Q45. If sin A + sin2 A = 1, then cos2 A + cos4 A =?
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 4
Q46. If sin A = 1/2 and cos B = 1/2, then A + B = ?
(A) 00 (B) 300 (C) 600 (D) 900
Q47. If a pole 6m high casts a shadow 2√3 m long on the ground, then the sun’s elevation is
(A) 60° (B) 45° (C) 30° (D)90°
Q48. If x tan45° sin30° = cos30° tan30°, then x is equal to
(A) √3 (B) ½ (C) 1/√2 (D) 1
Q49. 5 tan² A – 5 sec² A + 1 is equal to
(A) 6 (B) -5 (C) 1 (D) -4
Q50. sin 2B = 2 sin B is true when B is equal to
(A) 90° (B) 60° (C) 30° (D) 0°
Q51. If x and y are complementary angles, then
(A) sin x = sin y (B) tan x = tan y (C) cos x = cos y (D) sec x = cosec y
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(B) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Q52. Assertion: The value of 2tan2450+cos2300-sin2600 is 2.
Reason: value of tan450=1, cos300=√3/2 and sin600=√3/2.
Q53. Assertion: If x=2 sin2θ and y=2cos2θ+1 then the value of x+y=3.
Reason: For any value of θ, sin2θ+cos2θ=1
Q54. Assertion: sinA is the product of sin & A.
Reason: The value of sinθ increases as θ increases from 0° 𝑡𝑜 90°.
Q55. Assertion: sin(A+B)=sinA + sinB
Reason: For any value of θ, 1+tan2θ = sec2θ
Q56. Assertion: The value of sin600 cos300 + sin300 cos600 is 1
Reason: sin900=1 and cos900=0
ANSWERS
√
(1) (i) sin A = , cos A = (ii) sin C= & cos C= (2) cosA= , tanA =
√

(3) sinA = , secA =

(4) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = , 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = , 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = , 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = ,

√ √ √
(5) (i) 1 (ii) 0 (6) (7) 4/625 (8) (i) 1 (ii) 2 (iii) (iv) (v)

(9) (10)± (11) -5 (12) 1/2 (41) B (42) D (43) A

√

(44) A (45) A (46) D (47) A (48) D (49) D (50) D

(51) D (52) A (53) A (54) D (55) D (56) B
 SUMMARY
(1) Hypotenuse: Side opposite to right angle.
Perpendicular: Side opposite to angle under consideration.
Base: Left over side.
(2) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = =
(3) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = =
(4) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 × 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 = 1
(5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
(6) 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 1
(7) 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 = 1
(8) Pythagoras Theorem: Square of Hypotenuse = Sum of squares of other two sides
0° 30° 45° 60° 90°
1 1 √3
𝑠𝑖𝑛 0 1
2 √2 2
√3 1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 1 0
2 √2 2
1 1
𝑡𝑎𝑛 0 1 √3 = 𝑁𝐷
√3 0
1 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 = 𝑁𝐷 2 √2 1
0 √3
2 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 1 √2 2 = 𝑁𝐷
√3 0
1 1
𝑐𝑜𝑡 = 𝑁𝐷 √3 1 0
0 √3

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 × 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃