AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒏𝝅
1. If n is a positive integer, S.T (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟐𝒏 + (𝟏 − 𝒊)𝟐𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐

A: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 1 + 𝑖 ≡ (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏) ⇨ a = 1, b = 1

r = √𝑎 + 𝑏 =√1 + 1 =√2

𝜃 = tan = tan =

consider 1 + 𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑟 [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ] polar form

1 + 𝑖 = √2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )

Now (1 + 𝑖) = √2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )

(1 + 𝑖) =2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 … … (1) by applying De M theorem

And

(1 − 𝑖) =2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 …… (2)

𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 (1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) =2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 +2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) =2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) =2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) = 2 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠

𝒏𝝅
∴ (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟐 𝒏 + (𝟏 − 𝒊)𝟐𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒏 𝟐
𝒏𝝅
2. If n is a positive integer, S. T(𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏 + (𝟏 − 𝒊)𝒏 = 𝟐 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒

A: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 1 + 𝑖 ≡ (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)⇨ a = 1, b = 1

r = √𝑎 + 𝑏 =√1 + 1 =√2

𝜃 = tan = tan =

consider 1 + 𝑖 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑟 [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ] Polar form

⇨ 1 + 𝑖 = √2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )

Now (1 + 𝑖) = √2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )

⇨ (1 + 𝑖) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ……. (1) by applying De M theorem

And

(1 − 𝑖) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 ……. (2)

𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 (1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) = 2 2𝑐𝑜𝑠

⇨(1 + 𝑖) + (1 − 𝑖) = 2 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠

𝒏 𝟐
𝒏𝝅
∴ (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝒏 + (𝟏 − 𝒊)𝒏 = 𝟐 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3. If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟎. Then S.T 𝜶𝒏 + 𝜷𝒏 =

𝒏𝝅
𝟐𝒏 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑
.
Sol: given equation 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 4 = 0.
±√
𝑥=
( )± ( ) ( )( )
𝑥= ( )
±√ ±√ ±√ × ± √
𝑥= = = =
𝑥 = 1 ± 𝑖√3
Let 𝛼 = 1 + 𝑖√3 , 𝛽 =1 − 𝑖√3

⇨ a = 1, b = √3

r = √𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1 + √3 = √4 =2

√
𝜃 = tan = tan =

1 + 𝑖√3 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 = 𝑟 [ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ] Polar form

Now 𝛼 + 𝛽 = (1 + 𝑖√3) + (1 − 𝑖√3)

= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 +2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠

=2 . 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠

∴ 𝛼 +𝛽 =2 cos .

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4. If n is a positive integer, show that

𝟏 𝒒
(𝒑 + 𝒊𝒒)𝟏/𝒏 + (𝒑 − 𝒊𝒒)𝒊/𝒏 = 𝟐(𝒑𝟐 + 𝒒𝟐 )𝟏/𝟐𝒏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏 𝒑

Sol: (p+ iq) = (a + ib) ⇨ a = p, b = 𝑞

r = √𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑝 + 𝑞 and 𝜃 = tan = tan

(𝑝 + 𝑖𝑞) = 𝑟[ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ] polar form

(𝒑 + 𝒊𝒒)𝟏/𝒏 =(𝑝 + 𝑞 ) / [cos (𝜃) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃)]

/ ( ) ( )
= (𝑝 + 𝑞 ) cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

And

( ) ( )
(𝒑 − 𝒊𝒒)𝒊/𝒏 = (𝑝 + 𝑞 ) /
cos − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

(𝒑 + 𝒊𝒒)𝟏/𝒏 + (𝒑 − 𝒊𝒒)𝒊/𝒏 = (𝑝 + 𝑞 ) /
cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 + cos − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

/
= (𝑝 + 𝑞 ) 2 cos

/
= (𝑝 + 𝑞 ) 2 cos tan

/
∴ (𝑝 + 𝑖𝑞) + (𝑝 − 𝑖𝑞) = 2(𝑝 + 𝑞 ) cos tan

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. If 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛃 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛄 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛄 = 𝟎 Then show that

(i) 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝛂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝛃 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝛄 = 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝛂 + 𝛃 + 𝛄).
(ii) 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝛂 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝛃 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝛄 = 𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝛂 + 𝛃 + 𝛄).

A: Given: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜸 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜸 = 𝟎

Let a= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼

b= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽
c= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾

∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾) +(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾) = 0 + 𝑖0

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 0:

We know that if 𝒂+𝒃+𝒄=𝟎 ⇨ 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝒄

⇨(𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛼) + ( 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛽) + (𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛾) = 3(𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛼)(𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛽)(𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛾)

By applying De M theorem, we get

⇨ (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛼 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛼) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛽 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛽) +(𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛾 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛾)

= 3[cos (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) +i sin (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾)].

⇨( 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝛾) + 𝑖(𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝛾)

= 3cos (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾) + i3𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾).

Now equating the real and imaginary parts on both sides, we get

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜸 = 𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝜶 + 𝜷 + 𝜸). 𝒂𝒏𝒅

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜶 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜷 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜸 = 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝜶 + 𝜷 + 𝜸).

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

6. If 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜸 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜸 = 𝟎

Then show that
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛾 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛾 =

A: Given: 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾 = 0

Let a= 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛼 ⇨ = 𝑐𝑖𝑠(−𝛼)
b= 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛽 ⇨ = 𝑐𝑖𝑠(−𝛽)
c= 𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛾 ⇨ = 𝑐𝑖𝑠(−𝛾)
∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾) +(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾) = 0 + 𝑖0

𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 { + + = 0}

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 =0 S.O.B ⇨(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐) = 0

⇨𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑐 = 0

⇨𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐) = 0

⇨𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑐( + + ) = 0

⇨(𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛼) + (𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛽) + (𝑐𝑖𝑠𝛾) = −2𝑎𝑏𝑐(0)

⇨ 𝑐𝑖𝑠2𝛼 + 𝑐𝑖𝑠2𝛽 + 𝑐𝑖𝑠2𝛾 = 0

⇨(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛾) + (𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛾) = 0 + 𝑖0

Equating the real parts

𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜸 = 𝟎 …….… (1)

⇨(2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − 1) + (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 − 1) + (2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛾 − 1) = 0

⇨ 2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛾) = 3

𝟑
∴ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜶 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜷 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜸 = 𝟐

Also, from (1) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛾 =0

⇨(1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼) + (1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽) + (1 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛾) = 0

𝟑
⇨3=2(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛾) ∴ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜶 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜷 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜸 = 𝟐

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. Prove that
𝜽 𝒏𝜽
(𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 + 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)𝒏 +(𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 − 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽)𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒏 (𝟐) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
Sol: Given
(1 + cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃) + (1 + cos 𝜃 − 𝑖 sin 𝜃)

= 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖2 sin cos + 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖2 sin cos

= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 sin +2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑖 sin

By applying De M theorem, we get

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos + 𝑖 sin +2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos − 𝑖 sin

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos + 𝑖 sin + cos − 𝑖 sin

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . 2cos

=2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 cos .

𝒁𝟐𝒏 𝟏
8. If n is an integer and Z = c i s 𝜽, then show that 𝒁𝟐𝒏 𝟏
= 𝒊 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒏𝜽.

Sol: Given
𝑍 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑍 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃] = cos (𝑛𝜃) + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜃)

= ( ) ( )
= cos(𝑛𝜃) − 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛𝜃)

L.H.S =

{ ( ) ( )} { ( ) ( )}
= ={ ( ) ( )} { ( ) ( )}
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

= = =𝑖 tan 𝑛𝜃. R.H.S

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝝅 𝝅 𝟖/𝟑
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖
9. Show that 𝝅 𝝅 = −𝟏
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖
Sol:
𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖
𝐿. 𝐻. 𝑆 = 𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖

𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖
= 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟖 𝟐 𝟖

𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟖 𝟖
= 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐬 – 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟖 𝟖

𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖
+ 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟖
= 𝝎 = 𝑪𝒊𝒔 𝟖
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟖
− 𝒊 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟖
=𝝎

𝟏 𝝎 [𝟏 𝝎 ]
= 𝟏 = 𝟏 𝝎 = [𝝎]
𝟏
𝝎 𝝎

𝝅 𝝅 𝟖/𝟑
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖/𝟑
= 𝝅 𝝅 =𝝎
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒊 𝐜𝐨𝐬
𝟖 𝟖

𝐵𝑦 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒 𝑀 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥

𝟑𝝅 𝟖
= 𝐜𝐢𝐬 𝟖
× 𝟑 = 𝐜𝐢𝐬(𝝅 ) = −𝟏

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10. Solve the equation 𝒙𝟗 − 𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.

Sol:
Given equation 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 1 = 0

⇨ 𝑥 (𝑥 − 1) + 1(𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇨ (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
Now (𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 = −1
𝑥 = cos 𝜋 + sin 𝜋
𝑥 =𝑐𝑖𝑠𝜋
𝑥 =𝑐𝑖𝑠(2𝑘𝜋 + 𝜋), 𝑘 ∈ 𝑍

/
∴ 𝑥 = [𝑐𝑖𝑠(2𝑘 + 1)𝜋]

= 𝑐𝑖𝑠(2𝑘 + 1)( ) where k=0, 1, 2, 3, 4

x= 𝑐𝑖𝑠( ), 𝑐𝑖𝑠( ), 𝑐𝑖𝑠( ), 𝑐𝑖𝑠( ), 𝑐𝑖𝑠( )

Also 𝑥 − 1 = 0
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) = 0

𝑥 = −1 || 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 = 𝑖 || 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 = ± 𝑖 , ±1

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

11. Solve the equation 𝒙𝟏𝟏 − 𝒙𝟕 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.

12. Solve (𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝒙𝒏 , 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒏 𝒊𝒔 + 𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓.

8. State and prove De Moivre’s theorem for integral index.

9. If 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛂 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛃 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛄 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛂 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛃 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛄 = 𝟎 Then show that
𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝛂 + 𝛃) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝛃 + 𝛄) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝛄 + 𝛂) = 𝟎.

Q. No: 18 De Moivre’s theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Reciprocal Equations
1) (A). Solve the eq’’n 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟎𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎.
𝑆𝑜𝑙: Given eq’’n 𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 26𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 1 = 0…. (1)
𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 Dividing both sides by ‘’ 𝑥 "

⇨ − + − + = 0⇨𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 26 − + =0
⇨ 𝑥 + − 10 𝑥 + + 26 = 0

𝟏 𝟏
Let 𝒙 + = 𝒑 ⇨ 𝒙𝟐 + = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙𝟐
⇨[𝑃 − 2] − 10𝑝 + 26 = 0 ⇨𝑝 − 10𝑝 + 24 = 0
⇨𝑝 − 4𝑝 − 6𝑝 + 24 = 0 ⇨(𝑝 − 4) − 6(𝑝 − 4) = 0
⇨(𝑝 − 4)(𝑝 − 6) = 0 ⇨(𝑝 − 4) = 0 , (𝑝 − 6) = 0
⇨ 𝑝 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=6

Case (1) case (2)

𝑥+ =4 𝑥+ =6
⇨ =4 =6
⇨ 𝑥 + 1 = 4𝑥 𝑥 + 1 = 6𝑥
⇨ 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 1 = 0

±√
𝑥=
±√ . . ±√ . .
= =
. .
±√ ±√
= =
±√ ±√
= =
± √ ± √
= =
( ±√ ) ( ± √ )
=2 =

= (2 ± √3) = (3 ± 2√2)

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2) 1(B). Solve the eq’’n 𝟔𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟔𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 = 𝟎.

𝑆𝑜𝑙: Given eq’’n 6𝑥 − 35𝑥 + 62𝑥 − 3510𝑥 + 6 = 0…. (1)
𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 Dividing both sides by ‘’ 𝑥 "

⇨ − + − + = 0⇨6𝑥 − 35𝑥 + 62 − + =0
⇨6 𝑥 + − 35 𝑥 + + 62 = 0

𝟏 𝟏
Let 𝒙 + = 𝒑 ⇨ 𝒙𝟐 + = 𝒑𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒙 𝒙𝟐
⇨6[𝑃 − 2] − 35𝑝 + 62 = 0 ⇨6𝑝 − 35𝑝 + 50 = 0
⇨6𝑝 − 20𝑝 − 15𝑝 + 50 = 0 ⇨2𝑝(3𝑝 − 10) − 5(3𝑝 − 10) = 0
⇨(3𝑝 − 10)(2𝑝 − 5) = 0 ⇨(3𝑝 − 10) = 0 , (2𝑝 − 5) = 0
⇨𝑝= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=

Case (1) case (2)

𝑥+ = 𝑥+ =
⇨ = =
⇨ 3𝑥 + 3 = 10𝑥 2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥
⇨ 3𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 3 = 0 2𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

±√
𝑥=
±√ . . ±√ . .
= =
. .
±√ ±√
= =
±√ ±√
= =
± ±
= =
( )
= 𝑜𝑟 = or

𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 {3, , 2, }

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1(C). Solve𝟐𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n is a reciprocal eq’’n of first class and add degree.
So, -1 is a root of it.
𝑩𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

-1
2 1 -12 -12 1 2
0 -2 1 11 1 -2

2 -1 -11 -1 2 0

Now the given eq’’n can be written as

(x+1) ( 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎.
Consider 2𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 11𝑥 − 1𝑥 + 2 = 0. ÷ 𝑥
⇨ − − 11 − + =0
⇨2𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 11 − + =0
⇨2 𝑥 + −1 𝑥+ − 11 = 0 Let 𝑥 + = 𝑝 ⇨
𝑥 + =𝑝 −2

⇨2(𝑝 − 2) − 1𝑝 − 11 = 0 ⇨2𝑝 − 4 − 𝑝 − 11 = 0
⇨2𝑝 − 𝑝 − 15 = 0 ⇨2𝑝 − 6𝑝 + 5𝑝 − 15 = 0
⇨2𝑝(𝑝 − 3) + 5(𝑝 − 3) = 0 ⇨(𝑝 − 3)(2𝑝 + 5) = 0
⇨(𝑝 − 3) = 0 , (2𝑝 + 5) = 0

⇨ 𝑝 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=−

Case (1) case (2)

𝑥+ =3 𝑥+ =
⇨ =3 =−
⇨ 𝑥 + 1 = 3𝑥 2𝑥 + 2 = −5𝑥
⇨ 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

±√
𝑥=

±√ . . ±√ . .
= =
. .

±√ ±√
= =

±√ ±√
= =

±
=
= 𝑜𝑟 =− 𝑜𝑟 − 2
𝒙𝟓 − 𝟓𝒙𝟒 + 𝟗𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.
1(D). Solve𝟐𝒙𝟓 + 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎.
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n is a reciprocal eq’’n of first class and add degree. So -1 is
a root of it.
𝑩𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

-1
2 1 -12 -12 1 2
0 -2 1 11 1 -2

2 -1 -11 -1 2 0

Now the given eq’’n can be written as

(x+1) ( 𝟐𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝒙 + 𝟐) = 𝟎.
Consider 2𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 11𝑥 − 1𝑥 + 2 = 0. ÷ 𝑥
⇨ − − 11 − + =0
⇨2𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 11 − + =0
⇨2 𝑥 + −1 𝑥+ − 11 = 0 Let 𝑥 + = 𝑝 ⇨
𝑥 + =𝑝 −2

⇨2(𝑝 − 2) − 1𝑝 − 11 = 0 ⇨2𝑝 − 4 − 𝑝 − 11 = 0
⇨2𝑝 − 𝑝 − 15 = 0 ⇨2𝑝 − 6𝑝 + 5𝑝 − 15 = 0

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

⇨2𝑝(𝑝 − 3) + 5(𝑝 − 3) = 0 ⇨(𝑝 − 3)(2𝑝 + 5) = 0

⇨(𝑝 − 3) = 0 , (2𝑝 + 5) = 0

⇨ 𝑝 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=−

Case (1) case (2)

𝑥+ =3 𝑥+ =
⇨ =3 =−
⇨ 𝑥 + 1 = 3𝑥 2𝑥 + 2 = −5𝑥
⇨ 𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 2𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

±√
𝑥=

±√ . . ±√ . .
= =
. .

±√ ±√
= =

±√ ±√
= =

±
=
= 𝑜𝑟 =− 𝑜𝑟 − 2

±√ ±√
𝐴𝑛𝑠 = 1, ,

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1(E). Solve 𝟔𝒙𝟔 − 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝟓 + 𝟑𝟏𝒙𝟒 − 𝟑𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔𝟐 = 𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given eq’’n is a reciprocal eq’’n of 2nd class and even degree. So 1, -1
are the root of it.
𝑩𝒚 𝒔𝒚𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒅𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

1 6 -25 31 0 -31 25 -6
0 6 -19 12 12 -19 6

-1 6 -19 12 12 -19 6 0
0 -6 25 -37 25 -6
6 -25 37 -25 6 0

Consider 6𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 37𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 6 = 0. ÷ 𝑥

⇨ − 25 + 37 − + =0
⇨6𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 37 − + =0
⇨6 𝑥 + − 25 𝑥 + + 37 = 0
Let 𝑥 + = 𝑝 ⇨ 𝑥 + =𝑝 −2

⇨6(𝑝 − 2) − 25𝑝 + 37 = 0

⇨6𝑝 − 12 − 25𝑝 + 37 = 0

⇨6𝑝 − 25𝑝 + 25 = 0

⇨6𝑝 − 15𝑝 − 10𝑝 + 25 = 0

⇨3𝑝(2𝑝 − 5) − 5(2𝑝 − 5) = 0

⇨(2𝑝 − 5)(3𝑝 − 5) = 0
⇨(2𝑝 − 5) = 0 , (3𝑝 − 5) = 0

⇨ 2𝑝 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝=

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Case (1) case (2)

𝑥+ = ⇨𝑥 + =

⇨ = ⇨ =

⇨ 3𝑥 + 3 = 5𝑥 ⇨2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥

⇨ 2𝑥 + 2 = 5𝑥

⇨ 3𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0 ⇨2𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0

±√
𝑥=

±√ . . ±√ . .
= =
. .
±√
=
±√
= ±√
=
±
±√ =
=
±√
= or =
=

= or =2

±√
∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 1, 1, 2, , =

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

ROOTS ARE IN (AP / GP / HP)

3) (A). Solve the equation roots being in A.P
𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎
Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 24𝑥 + 23𝑥 + 18 = 0
{𝑎 = 4, 𝑎 = −24, 𝑎 = 23, 𝑎 = 18}
Given that roots are in A.P
Let the roots 𝛼 − 𝛽, 𝛼, 𝛽 in A.P

𝑆 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = −

⇨(𝛼 − 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 ) = −

⇨ 3𝛼 = 6 ⇨ 𝛼 =2
∴ (x-2) is a factor of 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟖 = 𝟎
2 4 -24 23 18
0 8 -32 -18
4 -16 -9 0
⇨4𝑥 − 16𝑥 − 9 = 0
⇨4𝑥 − 18𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 9 = 0
⇨2𝑥(2𝑥 − 9) + 1(2𝑥 − 9) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 9)(2𝑥 + 1) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 9) = 0, (2𝑥 + 1) = 0

⇨𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −
𝟏 𝟗
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 − , 𝟐,
𝟐 𝟐

(H/W)
𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖 = 𝟎

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

(B). Solve the equation roots being in A.P

𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎
Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎
{𝑎 = 8, 𝑎 = −36, 𝑎 = −18, 𝑎 = 81}
Given that roots are in A.P
Let the roots 𝛼 − 𝛽, 𝛼, 𝛽 in A.P

𝑆 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 = −

( )
⇨(𝛼 − 𝛽 + 𝛼 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 ) = −

⇨ 3𝛼 = ⇨ 𝛼 =3/2

∴ (x-3/2) is a factor of 𝟖𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝒙 + 𝟖𝟏 = 𝟎

3/2 8 -36 -18 81
0 12 -36 -81
8 -24 -54 0
⇨8𝑥 − 24𝑥 − 54 = 0
⇨4𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 27 = 0
⇨4𝑥 − 18𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 27 = 0
⇨2𝑥(2𝑥 − 9) + 3(2𝑥 − 9) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 9)(2𝑥 + 3) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 9) = 0, (2𝑥 + 3) = 0

⇨𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −

𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 − , ,
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

(C). Solve the equation roots being in G.P 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎
Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎
{𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −26, 𝑐 = 52, 𝑑 = −24}
Given that roots are in G.P
Let the roots , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 in G.P

𝑆 = 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −

. 𝑎. 𝑎𝑟 = −(− )

⇨𝑎 = 8 = 2
a=2
∴(x-2) is a factor of 𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎
2 3 -26 52 -24
0 6 -40 24
3 -20 12 0
⇨3𝑥 − 20𝑥 + 12 = 0
⇨3𝑥 − 18𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 12 = 0
⇨3𝑥(𝑥 − 6) − 2(𝑥 − 6) = 0
⇨(𝑥 − 6)(3𝑥 − 2) = 0
⇨(𝑥 − 6) = 0, (3𝑥 − 2) = 0

⇨𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 =

∴The roots are 2/3, 2, 6.

(D). Solve the equation roots being in G.P

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 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟓𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎

Sol: Given
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟓𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
{𝑎 = 54, 𝑏 = −39, 𝑐 = −26, 𝑑 = 16}
Given that roots are in G.P
Let the roots , 𝑎, 𝑎𝑟 in G.P

𝑆 = 𝛼𝛽𝛾 = −

. 𝑎. 𝑎𝑟 = −

⇨𝑎 = − = (− )

𝑎 = − 2/3
∴ (x+2/3) is a factor of 𝟓𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟑𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
-2/3 54 -39 -26 16
0 -36 -50 -16
54 -75 24 0
(Divided by 3)
⇨18𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨18𝑥 − 9𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨9𝑥(2𝑥 − 1) − 8(2𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 1)(9𝑥 − 8) = 0
⇨(2𝑥 − 1) = 0, (9𝑥 − 8) = 0

⇨𝑥 = , 𝑥 =

∴The roots are 8/9, -2/3, 1/2.

(E). Solve the equation, given that roots are in H.P
𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
Sol: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟏𝟓𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 … (𝟏)

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Put 𝑥 = so that − + −1=0

𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟐

⇨ 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟗 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎… (2)
Given that roots of (1) are in H.P, so the roots of (2) are in A.P
Let the roots 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 in A.P
{𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −9, 𝑐 = 23, 𝑑 = −15}
𝑆 =𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =−

⇨(𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −(− )

⇨ 3𝑎 = 9 ⇨a=3
∴(y-3) is a factor of 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟗 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝒚 − 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
3 1 -9 23 -15
0 3 -18 15
1 -6 5 0
⇨𝑦 − 6𝑦 + 5 = 0
⇨𝑦 − 5𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 5 = 0
⇨𝑦(𝑦 − 5) − 1(𝑦 − 5) = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 5)(𝑦 − 11) = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 5) = 0, (𝑦 − 1) = 0
⇨𝑦 = 5, 𝑦 = 1
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷
𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝟏, , 𝒊𝒏 𝑯. 𝑷
𝟑 𝟓

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(F). Solve the equation, given that roots are in H.P

𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
Sol: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟔𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 .(𝟏)

Put 𝑥 = so that − + −1=0

𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟐

⇨ 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟔 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎… (2)
Given that roots of (1) are in H.P, so the roots of (2) are in A.P
Let the roots 𝑎 − 𝑑, 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑 in A.P
{𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −6, 𝑐 = 11, 𝑑 = −6}

𝑆 =𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =−

⇨(𝑎 − 𝑑 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 ) = −(− )

⇨ 3𝑎 = 6 ⇨a = 2
∴(y-2) is a factor of 𝒚𝟑 − 𝟔 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏𝒚 − 𝟔 = 𝟎… (2)
2 1 -6 11 -6
0 2 -8 6
1 -4 3 0
⇨𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 3 = 0
⇨𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 3 = 0
⇨𝑦(𝑦 − 3) − 1(𝑦 − 3) = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 3)(𝑦 − 11) = 0
⇨(𝑦 − 3) = 0, (𝑦 − 1) = 0
⇨𝑦 = 3, 𝑦 = 1
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑 𝒊𝒏 𝑨. 𝑷
𝟏 𝟏
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝟏, , 𝒊𝒏 𝑯. 𝑷
𝟐 𝟑

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(G). Solve the equation 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎 Given that

one root is equal to half the sum of the remaining roots.
Sol: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎
{𝑎 = 18, 𝑏 = 81, 𝑐 = 121, 𝑑 = 60}
Let the roots 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾

Given that 𝛽 = ⇨ 2𝛽 = 𝛼 + 𝛾 … (1)

𝑆 =𝛼+𝛽+𝛾 =−

⇨(𝛽 + 2𝛽 ) = 3𝛽 = −( )

⇨ 3𝛽 = − ⇨ 𝛽 =-3/2

∴(𝑥 + 3/2 ) is a factor of 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝒙 + 𝟔𝟎 = 𝟎

− 18 81 121 60

0 -27 -81 -60

18 -54 40 0

(÷ 𝑏𝑦 2)
⇨9𝑥 − 27𝑥 − 20 = 0
⇨9𝑥 − 15𝑥 − 12𝑥 − 20 = 0
⇨3𝑥(3𝑥 − 5) + 4(3𝑥 − 5) = 0
⇨(3𝑥 − 5)(3𝑥 + 4) = 0
⇨(3𝑥 − 5) = 0, (3𝑥 + 4) = 0

⇨𝑥 = , 𝑥 = −
𝟑 𝟒 𝟓
∴ 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 − , − , −
𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

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4) (A). Solve the eq’n 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟗 = 𝟎, Given that

it has two pairs of equal roots.
Sol: f(x) =𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 9 = 0
Given that above eq’’n has two pairs of equal roots.
Let the roots 𝛼, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛽
𝒃 𝒆
𝑺𝟏 = − 𝑺𝟒 =
𝒂 𝒂
𝛼+ 𝛼+ 𝛽+ 𝛽=− 𝛼. 𝛼. 𝛽. 𝛽 =
⇨ 2(𝛼 + 𝛽) =-4 ⇨ (𝛼 𝛽) =9
⇨ (𝛼 + 𝛽) = -2….. (1) ⇨ (𝛼 𝛽) =± 3….(2)

Quadratic eq’’n with roots 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑖𝑠

𝒙𝟐 − (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝒙 + (𝜶 𝜷) =0
𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 =0
𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 1𝑥 − 3 =0

𝑥(𝑥 + 3) − 1(𝑥 + 3) =0
(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1) =0
(𝑥 + 3) = 0, (𝑥 − 1) =0
⇨𝒙 = −𝟑, 𝒙 = 𝟏
Hence the required roots of the given biquadratic eq’’n are -3, -3, 1, 1.

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(B). Solve 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝟒 = 𝟎, given that two of the roots are in the
ratio 3:2.
Sol: f(x) =𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 14𝑥 + 24 = 0
Given that above eq’’n has two of the roots are in the ratio 3:2
let the roots 2𝛼, 3𝛼, 𝛽
𝒃 𝒅
𝑺𝟏 = − 𝑺𝟑 = −
𝒂 𝒂
2𝛼 + 3𝛼 + 𝛽 = −(− ) 2𝛼. 3𝛼. 𝛽. = −24
⇨ (5𝛼 + 𝛽) =9 ⇨ α (β)=-4… (2)
β = 9 -5α ….. (1)

𝒄
𝑺𝟐 =
𝒂
= (2𝛼)(3𝛼) + (3𝛼)(β) + (2𝛼)(β) = 𝟏𝟒
𝟔𝜶𝟐 + 𝟓𝜶𝜷 = 𝟏𝟒 … (𝟑)

Solving 𝑒𝑞 𝑛(1)𝑖𝑛 (2)

⇨ α (β)=-4
⇨ α (9 - 5α)=-4
⇨ 5𝛼 − 9𝛼 − 4 = 0 … (4)

𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑖𝑓 α = 1 ⇨ 5 − 9 − 4 ≠ 0
𝑖𝑓 α = −1 ⇨ −5 − 9 − 4 ≠ 0
𝑖𝑓 α = 2 ⇨ 5(8) − 9(4) − 4 = 40 − 40 = 0
∴ 𝛼 = 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡
Sub 𝛼 = 2 𝑖𝑛 (1) ⇨ 𝛽 = 9 − 5(2) = 1

𝛼 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = −1 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 (3) 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜

∴roots are 2𝛼 = 4, 3𝛼 = 6, 𝛽=-1

Required roots {−1, 4, 6}

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(C). Solve 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎, given that the product

of two of the roots is 6.
Sol:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = 𝟎 … . (𝟏)
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾, 𝛿 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (1)
Given 𝛼𝛽 = 6, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑝
𝒆
𝑺𝟒 = = 𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 𝛿 = 48
𝒂
⇨ (6)𝛾𝛿 =48 ⇨ 𝛾𝛿=8, 𝑙𝑒𝑡 (𝛾 + 𝛿) = 𝑞

𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑖𝑠 𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛾, 𝛿 𝑖𝑠

𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0 𝑥 − ( 𝛾 + 𝛿)𝑥 + 𝛾𝛿 = 0
𝑥 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6 = 0 … … (2) 𝑥 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8 = 0 … … (3)

From (1), (2), (3)

⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 = (𝑥 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6)(𝑥 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8)

𝑥 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 𝑝𝑥
⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖 =
+𝑝𝑞𝑥 − 8𝑝𝑥 + 6𝑥 − 6𝑞𝑥 + 48

⇨ 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒𝟖
=[𝑥 − (𝑝 + 𝑞)𝑥 + (𝑝𝑞 + 14)𝑥 − (8𝑝 + 6𝑞)𝑥 + 48]

Comparing the coefficient of 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝑃 + 𝑞 + 1 = 0 … (𝑎)
Comparing the coefficient of 𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
8𝑝 + 6𝑞 − 4 = 0
4𝑝 + 3𝑞 − 2 = 0 … (𝑏)

Solving (a), (b)

1 1 1 1
4 3 -2 4 (𝑝, 𝑞) = , = (5, −6)

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𝑥 − 𝑝𝑥 + 6 = 0 𝑥 − 𝑞𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨ 𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨ 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 6 = 0 ⇨ 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 8 = 0
⇨ 𝑥(𝑥 − 2) − 3(𝑥 − 2) = 0 ⇨ 𝑥(𝑥 + 4) + 2(𝑥 + 4) = 0
⇨ (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0 ⇨ (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
𝑥 = 2, 3 𝑥 = −4, −2

∴ the roots are 2, 3, -2, -4

Solve 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟔 = 𝟎, given that the product of two of the

roots is 3. (H\W: Ans: 1, 3, -1, 2)

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5) (A). Solve 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎, given that 2 + 𝑖 √3 is a root

of the equation.
Sol: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 35 = 0 … (1)
Given 2 + 𝑖√3 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 2 − 𝑖√3 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (1)

𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼 = 2 + 𝑖√3, 𝛽 = 2 − 𝑖 √3 𝑖𝑠

𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0

𝑥 − 2 + 𝑖 √3 + 2 − 𝑖 √3 𝑥 + (2 + 𝑖 √3 )(2 + 𝑖√3) = 0

⇨𝑥 − (4)𝑥 + (4 − 3𝑖 ) = 0 [𝑖 = −1]

⇨𝑥 − 4𝑥 + (4 + 3) = 0

⇨𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 7 = 0 is a factor of (1)

1 0 -4 8 35
- 4 16 20 0
- - -7 -28 -35

1 4 5 0 0

𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
±√
𝑥=
± ( )( ) ±√ ±√
X= = =
( )
±
= = −2 ± 𝑖
The roots are 𝟐 ± 𝒊√𝟑, −𝟐 ± 𝒊

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(B).Solve 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎, given that 1 + 𝑖 is a root of the

equation.
Sol: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟐𝒙𝟑 − 𝟓𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 … (1)
Given 1 + 𝑖 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡,
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 − 𝑖 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (1)

𝑄. 𝐸 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼 = 1 + 𝑖, 𝛽 = 1 − 𝑖 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 − (𝛼 + 𝛽)𝑥 + 𝛼𝛽 = 0

𝑥 − (1 + 𝑖 + 1 − 𝑖)𝑥 + (1 + 𝑖)(1 − 𝑖) = 0

⇨𝑥 − (2)𝑥 + (1 − 𝑖 ) = 0 [𝑖 = −1]

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 + (1 + 1) = 0

⇨𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 2 = 0 is a factor of (1)
1 2 -5 6 2
- 2 8 2 0
- - -2 -8 -2

1 4 1 0 0

𝑛𝑜𝑤, 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 1 = 0
±√
𝑥=
± ( )( ) ±√ ±√
X= = =
( )
± √ ( ± )
= =
The roots are 𝟐 ± √𝟑, 𝟏 ± 𝒊

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Find the root of 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎.

𝑺𝑶𝒍:
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝟔𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎𝟓 = 𝟎.
𝒏𝒐𝒘 𝑓(1) = 1 − 16 + 86 − 176 + 105 = 0
𝒉𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝟏 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒇(𝒙)
𝑓(2) ≠ 0 2 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(3) = 0, 3 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)

𝐵𝑦 𝑆. 𝐷

1 -16 86 -176 105

1 0 1 -15 71 -105

1 -15 71 -105 0
3 0 3 -36 105

1 -12 35 0

𝑥 − 12𝑥 + 35 = 0
𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 7𝑥 + 35 = 0
𝑥(𝑥 − 5) − 7(𝑥 − 5) = 0
(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 7) = 0
𝒙 = 𝟓, 𝟕
∴ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 1, 3, 5, 7

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1) (A). find the polynomial equation whose roots are the

translates of those of the equation
𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒃𝒚 − 𝟐.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟓𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟕𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎

2 1 -5 7 -17 11

0 2 -6 2 -30

2 1 -3 1 -15 -19𝐴

0 2 -2 -2
2 0 1 -1 −17𝐴
0 2 2
2 1 1 1𝐴
0 2
1𝐴 3𝐴

∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 17𝑥 − 19 = 0

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

(B). find the polynomial equation whose roots are the translates of those of
the equation 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒃𝒚 − 𝟑.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝒙𝟓 + 𝟒𝒙𝟑 − 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎

3 1 0 4 -1 0 11

0 3 9 39 114 342

3 1 3 13 38 114 353𝐴

0 3 18 93 393
3 1 6 31 131 507𝐴
0 3 27 174
3 1 9 58 305𝐴
0 3 36
3 1 12 94𝐴
0 3
1𝐴 15𝐴
∴ 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑞 𝑛 𝑖𝑠
𝑥 + 15𝑥 + 94𝑥 + 305𝑥 + 507𝑥 + 353 = 0.

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2) Solve the eq’n 𝒙𝟒 − 𝟔𝒙𝟑 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎, Given that

they have multiple roots.

9000687600 THEORY OF EQUATIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1) If the 𝟐𝒏𝒅 , 𝟑𝒓𝒅 , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟒𝒕𝒉 terms in the expansion of (𝒂 + 𝒙)𝒏 are
respectively 240, 720 and 1080, then find the value of a, 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏.
Sol: Given expansion (𝑎 + 𝑥)
𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑇 =𝑛 𝑎 𝑥

𝑇 = 𝑇 =𝑛 𝑎 𝑥 = 240 … … . (1)
𝑇 = 𝑇 =𝑛 𝑎 𝑥 = 720 … … . (2)
𝑇 = 𝑇 =𝑛 𝑎 𝑥 = 1080 … … . (3)

𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
( ) =
⇨ = 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
( )

⇨ = 3 ⇨ (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒙 = 𝟔𝒂……. (4)

𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
( ) =
⇨ = 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
( )

𝟗𝒂
⇨ = ⇨ (𝒏 − 𝟐)𝒙 = ……. (5)
𝟐

( ) ( )
⇨( )
=
( ) ( )

( )
⇨( )
=
⇨4𝑛 − 8 = 3𝑛 − 3
⇨4𝑛 − 3𝑛 = −3 + 8
∴𝒏 = 𝟓
𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑛 = 5 𝑖𝑛 (4) ⇨ 4𝑥 = 6𝑎
𝟑𝒂
𝒙= … … . (𝟔)
𝟐

Sub n and 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 (1) ⇨ (5)𝑎 = 240

×
⇨𝑎 = =32
⇨𝑎 =2 ⇨ 𝒂 = 𝟐
( )
Sub n=5 and a=2 in (6) ⇨𝑥 = =3
∴ 𝒂 = 𝟐, 𝒙 = 𝟑, 𝒏 = 𝟓

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2) If 36, 84, 126 are three successive binomial coefficients in the

expansion of (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 , and then find the value of n.

Sol: we know that (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 = 𝑛 + 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑥 + …+ 𝑛 𝑥

Let the three successive binomial coefficients in the expansion of

(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆

𝑛 = 36 … … .. (1)

𝑛 = 84 … … .. (2)

𝑛 = 126 … … .. (3)
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
=
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
( )
⇨ =
( )

⇨ =
⇨ (𝟑𝒏 − 𝟑𝒓 + 𝟑) = 𝟕𝒓
⇨𝟑𝒏 + 𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝒓……. (4)
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
=
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
( )
⇨ =
( )

⇨ = ⇨ (𝟐𝒏 − 𝟐𝒓) = 𝟑𝒓 + 𝟑

𝟐𝒏 − 𝟑 = 𝟓𝒓 ⇨ 𝟒𝒏 − 𝟔 = 𝟏𝟎𝒓……. (5)

𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (4)𝑎𝑛𝑑 (5)

⇨3𝑛 + 3 = 4𝑛 − 6
∴𝒏 = 𝟗

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3) If the coefficients of 𝒓𝒕𝒉 , (𝒓 + 𝟏)𝒕𝒉 , (𝒓 + 𝟐)𝒕𝒉 terms in the expansion of

(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 are in A.P then S.T 𝒏𝟐 − (𝟒𝒓 + 𝟏)𝒏 + 𝟒𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐 = 𝟎.
Sol:
Given that the coefficients of 𝑟 , (𝑟 + 1) , (𝑟 + 2) terms in the
expansion of (1 + 𝑥)
Are 𝑛 (𝑎), 𝑛 (𝑏), 𝑛 (𝑐) in A.P
We know that if a, b, c are in A.P 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐
Or 2 = +

𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
=
⇨2 = + 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏

⇨2= ( )
+

⇨ 2(𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑟 + 1) = (𝑟)(𝑟 + 1) + (𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1)(𝑛 − 𝑟)

⇨2(𝑛𝑟 + 𝑛 − 𝑟 − 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 1) = 𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑛 − 𝑛𝑟 − 𝑛𝑟 + 𝑟 + 𝑛 − 𝑟

⇨(2𝑛𝑟 + 2𝑛 − 2𝑟 + 2) = 𝑛 − 2𝑛𝑟 + 2𝑟 + 𝑛

⇨𝑛 − 4𝑛𝑟 − 𝑛 + 4𝑟 − 2 = 0

∴ 𝑛 − (4𝑟 + 1)𝑛 + 4𝑟 − 2 = 0.
4) If the coefficients of 𝒙𝟗 , 𝒙𝟏𝟎 , 𝒙𝟏𝟏 terms in the expansion of (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏
are in A.P then S.T 𝒏𝟐 − 𝟒𝟏𝒏 + 𝟑𝟗𝟖 = 𝟎.

Sol: we know that (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 = 𝑛 + 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑥 + …+ 𝑛 𝑥

𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟗 = 𝑛 (a)

𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟏𝟎 = 𝑛 (b)

𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒙𝟏𝟏 = 𝑛 (c)

Given coefficients in A.P 2 = = +

⇨2 = + 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
=
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

⇨2 = +

( )( )
⇨2 =
( )

⇨22𝑛 − 198 = 110 + 𝑛 − 10𝑛 − 9𝑛 + 90

⇨ 𝑛 − 41𝑛 + 398 = 0

5) 𝒊𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒅𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆
𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝑷 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏
S.T 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑸𝟐 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 )𝒏 and 𝟒𝑷𝑸 = (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒏 − (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐𝒏

Sol: we know that (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑥 𝑎+𝑛 𝑥 𝑎 + …+

(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + ⋯ …

Given that 𝑃 = (𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + ⋯ ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = (𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + ⋯ … )

⇨ (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝑝 + 𝑄 … … . (1) And (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒏 = 𝑝 − 𝑄 … … . (2)

(𝑖). 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑸𝟐 = (𝑷 + 𝑸)(𝑷 − 𝑸)

=(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒏

𝟐
= (𝒙 + 𝒂)(𝒙 − 𝒂)

= (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 )𝒏

(𝒊𝒊). 𝟒𝑷𝑸 = (𝑷 + 𝑸)𝟐 − (𝑷 − 𝑸)𝟐

𝒏
= [(𝒙 + 𝒂)𝒏 ]𝟐 − [(𝒙 − 𝒂)𝒏 ]𝟐

= (𝒙 + 𝒂)𝟐𝒏 − (𝒙 − 𝒂)𝟐𝒏

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

6) 𝑰𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝟒 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇

(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 , 𝒂𝟒 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑 𝟐𝒂𝟐
𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 + = .
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝟒 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑
𝑺𝒐𝑳: 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑇 , 𝑇 , 𝑇 , 𝑇 𝑎𝑟𝑒 4 Consecutive terms in the expansion of
(1 + 𝑥)
𝑎 = 𝑛𝑐 , 𝑎 = 𝑛𝑐 , 𝑎 = 𝑛𝑐 , 𝑎 = 𝑛𝑐

𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟑
L.H.S⇨ +
𝒂𝟏 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝟒

= +

= +

𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
= + =
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏

= +

= + =( )
+( )
=( )

𝟐𝒂𝟐
𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺 =
𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟑

= 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
=
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏

= = =

×
=( )
=( )
∴ 𝑳. 𝑯. 𝑺 = 𝑹. 𝑯. 𝑺

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟏 𝟏𝟏
7) If the coefficients of 𝒙𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + , is equal
𝒃𝒙
𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟎
to the coefficients of 𝒙 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒙 − find the
𝒃𝒙𝟐
relation between a and b where a and b are real numbers.
𝑆𝑜𝑙: 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑇 = (−) 𝑛 𝑎 𝑎

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑥 +

𝑇 = 11 (𝑎𝑥 )
( )
= 11

= 11 (𝑥 )

To get coefficient of 𝑥 𝑝𝑢𝑡 22 − 3𝑟 = 10

3𝑟 = 12 ⇨ 𝒓 = 𝟒

The coefficients of 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓

𝑎𝑥 + is = 11 ………... (1)

𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑥 −

𝑇 = (−1) 11 (𝑎𝑥)
( )
= 11

= 11 (𝑥 )
To get coefficient of 𝑥 𝑝𝑢𝑡 11 − 3𝑟 = −10
3𝑟 = 21 ⇨ 𝒓 = 𝟕

the coefficients of −𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓

𝑎𝑥 − is =− 11 ……… (2)

𝑮𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 (𝟏) = (𝟐)

11 = − 11 ∴ 11 = 11
𝟏
𝑎 =−
𝒃𝟑
(𝑎𝑏) = −𝟏 ⇨ 𝒂𝒃 = −𝟏

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒏 (𝟏 𝒙)𝒏 𝟏 𝟏
8) P. T 𝒄𝟎 + 𝒙+ 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ . + 𝒙𝒏 =
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏 𝟏 (𝒏 𝟏)𝒙
Sol: (𝟏 + 𝒙) = 𝒄𝟎 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒏
𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ . +𝒄𝒏 𝒙𝒏
( )
𝑤. 𝑘. 𝑡 𝑐 = 1, 𝑐 = 𝑛, 𝑐 =

( )
(1 + 𝑥) = 1 + 𝑛𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯ . +𝑥

𝑁𝑜𝑤 ′𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ ′𝑛 + 1′

( )( )
(1 + 𝑥) = 1 + (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑥 + ⋯.

( ) .
(1 + 𝑥) − 1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 + +⋯

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 (𝑛 + 1)𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

( )
(1 + 𝑥) − 1 = (𝑛 + 1)𝑥{1 + + 𝑥 … ….}

( ) ( )
( )
= {1 + + 𝑥 … ….}

𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒏 (𝟏 𝒙)𝒏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝟎 + 𝒙+ 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯ . + 𝒙𝒏 = …..(1)
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏 𝟏 (𝒏 𝟏)𝒙

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 1 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒏 (𝟐)𝒏 𝟏 𝟏
𝒄𝟎 + + + ⋯.+ = …..(2)
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏 𝟏 (𝒏 𝟏)

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = −1 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒏 𝟏
𝒄𝟎 − + + ⋯ . +(−𝟏)𝒏 = …..(3)
𝟐 𝟑 𝒏 𝟏 (𝒏 𝟏)

(2)-(3)
𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟑 𝒄𝟓 𝟐𝒏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
⇨2 + + …. =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 (𝒏 𝟏)

𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟑 𝒄𝟓 𝟐[𝟐𝒏 𝟏]
⇨2 + + …. =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 (𝒏 𝟏)

𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟑 𝒄𝟓 [𝟐𝒏 𝟏]
∴ + + …. =
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 (𝒏 𝟏)

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9) P.T 𝒄𝟎 𝒄𝒓 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒓 𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒓 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒏 𝒓 𝒄𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏 𝒓
Deduce (i). 𝒄𝟎 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒏 𝟏 𝒄𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏 𝒓

(ii). 𝒄𝟎 𝟐 + 𝒄𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒓 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏

𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
(1 + 𝑥) = 𝑐 + 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 + ⋯ . +𝑐 𝑥 … . . (1)
(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 +𝑐 +𝑥 … . +𝑐 ….. (2)

𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 (1)& (2)

⇨ (1 + 𝑥) (𝑥 + 1) = [𝑐 + 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 + ⋯ . +𝑐 𝑥 ][𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 +
𝑐 +𝑥 … . +𝑐 ]

⇨ (1 + 𝑥) = [𝑐 + 𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 + ⋯ . +𝑐 𝑥 ][𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑥 +𝑐 +
𝑥 … . +𝑐 ]

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥

𝑐 𝑐 +𝑐 𝑐 +𝑐 𝑐 + ⋯+ 𝑐 𝑐 = 2𝑛 ∴𝑛 =𝑛

𝑐 𝑐 +𝑐 𝑐 +𝑐 𝑐 + ⋯+ 𝑐 𝑐 = 2𝑛 [ ( )]

∴ 𝒄𝟎 𝒄𝒓 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒓 𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝒓 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒏 𝒓 𝒄𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏 𝒓

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑟 = 1

𝒄𝟎 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟑 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒏 𝟏 𝒄𝒏 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏 𝒓

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑟 = 0

𝒄𝟎 𝟐 + 𝒄𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒄𝒓 = 𝟐𝒏𝑪𝒏

Hence proved

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10) Prove that (𝐶 + 𝐶 )(𝐶 + 𝐶 )(𝐶 + 𝐶 ) … (𝐶 +𝐶 )

( )
= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 ……𝐶
!
Sol: L.H. S
(𝐶 + 𝐶 )(𝐶 + 𝐶 )(𝐶 + 𝐶 ) … … … … . (𝐶 +𝐶 )

𝑛𝑐 𝑛−𝑟
=𝐶 1+ 𝐶 1+ …………𝐶 1+ =
𝑛𝑐 𝑟+1

= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 …………𝐶 1+ 1+ …………𝐶 1+

( )
= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 …………𝐶 1+ 1+ .
… 1+

= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 …….…𝐶 …

= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 …..…𝐶 …

( )
= 𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 …….…𝐶 . . ……

( )
= !
𝐶 𝐶 𝐶 ……..…𝐶 R.H.S

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟐
𝒏𝑪𝒓 𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒏 𝟐)
11) If n is a positive integer, Prove that ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏𝒓
𝟑
= .
𝒏𝑪𝒓 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
𝟐
𝒏𝑪𝒓
L.H.S ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏 𝒓𝟑 𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
𝒏𝑪𝒓 𝟏 =
𝒏𝒄 𝒓 𝒓+𝟏

𝒏 𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝒓𝟑 (𝒏 𝟏 𝒓)𝟐
= ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏𝒓
𝟑
= ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏
𝒓 𝒓𝟐

=∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏 𝒓{(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝒓𝟐 − 𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝒓}

= (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏𝒓 + ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏𝒓

𝟑
− 𝟐(𝒏 + 𝟏) ∑𝒏𝒓 𝟏𝒓
𝟐

𝒏(𝒏 𝟏) 𝒏𝟐 (𝒏 𝟏)𝟐 𝟐(𝒏 𝟏)[𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 𝟏)]

= (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 + −
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔

𝒏 𝟏 𝒏 𝟐𝒏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟑
= 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝟏𝟐

(𝟔𝒏 𝟔 𝟑𝒏 𝟖𝒏 𝟒)
= 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 .
𝟏𝟐

𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒏 𝟐)
=
𝟏𝟐

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒏
12) If 𝟕 + 𝟒√𝟑 = 𝑰 + 𝒇 𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝑰 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒏 𝒂𝒓𝒆 + 𝒗𝒆 Integers and 𝟎 <
𝑓 < 1, then S.T (i) I is an odd integer. (ii) (𝑰 + 𝒇)(𝟏 − 𝒇) = 𝟏.

Sol: Given that I, n is Positive inters.

𝒏
𝟕 + 𝟒√𝟑 = 𝑰 + 𝒇 ……… (1)

𝟎 < 𝑓 < 1 … … . . (𝑎)

𝒏
Let 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 = 𝑭 ……… (2)

𝑵𝒐𝒘 𝟔 < 𝟒√𝟑 < 𝟕

⇨ −𝟔 > −𝟒√𝟑 > −𝟕

⇨ 𝟕 − 𝟔 > 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 > 𝟕 − 𝟕

⇨ 𝟏 > 𝟕 − 𝟒√ 𝟑 > 𝟎
𝒏
⇨ 𝟏 > 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 >𝟎

𝟎 < 𝐹 < 1 … … . . (𝑏) From (a) + (b)

𝟎 < 𝑓 + 𝐹 < 2 ⇨ 𝑓 + 𝐹 = 1 … … (3) ⇨ 𝟏 − 𝒇 = 𝑭

𝒏 𝒏
(i). 𝐼 + 𝑓 + 𝐹 = 𝟕 + 𝟒√𝟑 + 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑

= (𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + ⋯ ) + (𝑇 − 𝑇 + 𝑇 − 𝑇 + 𝑇 − 𝑇 + ⋯ )

= (𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + ⋯ )

= 2(𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 + 𝑇 … … )

= 2𝑘 [ 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟]

∴ 𝐼 + 𝑓 + 𝐹 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 {𝑓 + 𝐹 = 1 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (3) }

I+1 is an even integer

⇨𝐼 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟.
𝒏 𝒏
(𝑖𝑖). (𝑰 + 𝒇)(𝟏 − 𝒇) = 𝟕 + 𝟒√𝟑 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟕 + 𝟒√𝟑 𝟕 − 𝟒√𝟑 = 𝟕𝟐 − 𝟒√ 𝟑 = (𝟒𝟗 − 𝟒𝟖)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

INFINITE SERIES
𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓
1. S.T 𝟏 + + + + … = √𝟑.
𝟑 𝟑.𝟔 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗
. . .
Sol: = 1 + + + + …
. . .
.
= 1+ + + … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=1 𝑝+𝑞 =3 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =3−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =3−1 𝑞 3
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴(1 − 𝑥) = 1− = =

. . .
∴1+ + + + … = √3
. . .

𝟐 𝟏 𝟐.𝟓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐.𝟓.𝟖 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
2. S.T 𝟏 + . + + + … = √𝟒
𝟑 𝟐 𝟑.𝟔 𝟐 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗 𝟐
Sol:
. . .
= 1+ . + + + …
. . .
.
= 1+ + +⋯
.
.
= 1+ + + … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=2 𝑝+𝑞 =5 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =5−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =5−2 𝑞 6
∴𝑞=3 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴(1 − 𝑥) = 1− = = (4)

. . .
∴1+ . + + + … = √4
. . .

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟒 𝟒.𝟕 𝟒.𝟕.𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟔𝟐𝟓

3. Show that 𝟏 + + + + …=
𝟓 𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟔

. . .
Sol:= 1 + + + + …
. . .

.
= 1+ + + … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=4 𝑝+𝑞 =7 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =7−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =7−4 𝑞 5
∴𝑞=3 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴(1 − 𝑥) = 1− = =

. . .
∴1− + − + …=
. . .

𝟕 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 𝟏
4. Show that 𝟏+ + + … = √𝟐.
𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝟏.𝟐 𝟏𝟎𝟒 𝟏.𝟐.𝟑 𝟏𝟎𝟔
. . .
Sol: Consider 1 + + + …
. . .

. . .
1+ + + …
. . .

. . .
1+ + + …
! ! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
Comparing with the series (𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=1 𝑝+𝑞 =3 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =3−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =3−1 𝑞 100
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

×
∴(1 − 𝑥) = 1− = = = = √2
. . .
1+ + + … = √2 = √2.
. . .

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟑 𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕
5. Show that + + + … = √𝟖 -1.
𝟒 𝟒.𝟖 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐
. . .
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑆 = + + + …
. . .

Adding ‘1’ an both the sides

. . .
𝑆+1 = 1+ + + + …
. . .

.
= 1+ + + … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 =𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=3 𝑝+𝑞 =5 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =5−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =5−3 𝑞 4
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴𝑆 + 1 = (1 − 𝑥) = 1− = = =√8

. . .
∴𝑆= + + + … = √8 -1.
. . .
𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓
6. If 𝒙 = + − + … ∞, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑺. 𝑻 𝟑𝒙𝟐 + 𝟔𝒙 = 𝟐.
𝟓 𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓
. . .
Sol: 𝑥 = + − + …∞
. . .

Adding ‘1’ an both the sides

.
𝑥+1 =1+ + + …
,

.
= 1+ + + …
! !
Comparing with the series
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=1 𝑝+𝑞 =3 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =3−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =3−1 𝑞 5
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

∴𝑥 + 1 = 1 − = = =

𝑥+1= S.O.B

(𝑥 + 1) =

⇨ 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 1 =
⇨ 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3 = 5
⇨ 3𝑥 + 6𝑥 = 5 − 3 = 2
𝟒 𝟒.𝟔 𝟒.𝟔.𝟖
7. If 𝒕 = + + + … ∞, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏
𝟓 𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓
𝑺. 𝑻 𝟗𝒕 = 𝟏𝟔.
𝟒 𝟒.𝟔 𝟒.𝟔.𝟖
Sol:𝒕 = + + + …∞
𝟓 𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ‘1’ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝟒 𝟒.𝟔 𝟒.𝟔.𝟖
𝒕+𝟏=𝟏+ + + + …∞
𝟓 𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓
.
𝒕+𝟏=1+ + + … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=4

𝑝+𝑞 = 6 ⇨ 𝑞 =6−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =6−4 ∴𝑞=2

= ⇨𝑥 = =

∴𝑡 + 1 = (1 − 𝑥) = 1−

𝑡+1= =

𝑡+1 =

9𝑡 + 9 = 25 ⇨ 9𝑡 = 16

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 𝟓√𝟓 𝟖

8. Show that + + …= - .
𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓 𝟑√𝟑 𝟓
. . .
Sol: let S= + + 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ‘1 +
. . .
’ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
. . .
𝑆+1+ = 1+ + + +
. . .

.
= 1+ + + …Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=3 𝑝+𝑞 =5 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =5−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =5−3 𝑞 5
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴𝑆 + 1 + = (1 − 𝑥) = 1−
× × 𝟓√𝟓
= = = =
× × 𝟑√𝟑

𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 𝟓√𝟓 𝟖

∴ + + …= - .
𝟓.𝟏𝟎 𝟓.𝟏𝟎.𝟏𝟓 𝟑√𝟑 𝟓

𝟑 𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 𝟐 𝟑
9. Show that − + + …= - .
𝟒.𝟖 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐.𝟏𝟔 𝟑 𝟒
. . . . . .
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑆 = − + + …
. . . . . .

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ‘1 − ’ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

. . .
𝑆+1− = 1− + − + ..
. . .

.
= 1− + − … Comparing with the series
! !
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 + 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏− + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=1 𝑝+𝑞 =3 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =3−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =3−1 𝑞 4
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

∴𝑆 + 1 − = (1 + 𝑥) = 1+ = =
. . .
− + + …= - .
. . . . . .
𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓
10.If 𝒙 = + + … ∞, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑺. 𝑻 𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏.
𝟑.𝟔 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗
. . .
Sol: 𝑥 = + + …
. . .
𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ‘1 + ’ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
. . .
𝑥+1+ =1+ + + + …
. . .

.
= 1+ + + …
! !
Comparing with the series
𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=1 𝑝+𝑞 =3 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =3−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =3−1 𝑞 3
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴𝑥 + 1 + = (1 − 𝑥) = 1−

𝑥+ = =

= √3 𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵

⇨ = √3

⇨ =3

⇨ 9𝑥 + 24𝑥 + 16 = 3 × 9

⇨ 9𝑥 + 24𝑥 = 27 − 16

∴𝟗𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏.

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟓 𝟓.𝟕 𝟓.𝟕.𝟗
11.If 𝒙 = + + … , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝑺. 𝑻 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟐𝟑.
𝟐!𝟑 𝟑!𝟑𝟐 𝟒!𝟑𝟑
. . .
Sol: 𝑥 = + + …
! ! !
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 & 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑏𝑦 3
. . . . . .
= + + …
! ! !
. . .
𝑥= + +
! !

𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 ‘1 + ’ 𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

.
𝑥+1+ =1+ + + …
! !

Comparing with the series

𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=3 𝑝+𝑞 =5 𝑥 1
=
⇨𝑞 =5−𝑝⇨ 𝑞 =5−3 𝑞 3
∴𝑞=2 ⇨𝑥 = =

∴𝑥 + 1 + 1 = (1 − 𝑥) = 1−

𝑥+2 = =

𝑥 + 2 = √27

𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵
⇨ (𝑥 + 2) = √27

⇨ 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 4 = 27

⇨ 𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 27 − 4

𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒𝒙 = 𝟐𝟑 .

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝒙(𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙(𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)

12.S.T 𝟏 + + + +⋯
𝟐 𝟐.𝟒 𝟐.𝟒.𝟔
𝒙 𝒙(𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙(𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
= 𝟏+ + + +⋯
𝟑 𝟑.𝟔 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗
Sol:
( ) ( )( )
L.H.S= 1 + + + +⋯
. . .
( )
= 1+ + +⋯
! !

Comparing with the series

𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=𝑥 𝑝+𝑞 =𝑥−1 𝑥 1

=
⇨𝑞 =𝑥−1−𝑝 𝑞 2
⇨ 𝑞 =𝑥−1−𝑥 ⇨𝑥 = = −
∴ 𝑞 = −1

(1 − 𝑥) = 1+ = ……..(1)

R.H.S
( ) ( )( )
1+ + + +⋯
. . .
( )
= 1+ + +⋯
! !

Comparing with the series

𝒑
𝒑 𝒙 𝒑(𝒑 𝒒) 𝒙 𝟐
(𝟏 − 𝒙) 𝒒 = 𝟏+ + +⋯
𝟏! 𝒒 𝟐! 𝒒

𝑝=𝑥 𝑝+𝑞 =𝑥+1 𝑥 1

=
⇨𝑞 =𝑥+1−𝑝 𝑞 3
⇨ 𝑞 =𝑥+1−𝑥 ⇨𝑥 = =
∴𝑞=1

(1 − 𝑥) = 1− = = …..(2)

From (1) & (2) L.H.S=R.H.S

Q.No: 20 &21 Binomial theorem

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following data

Class Interval 2 5 7 8 10 35

Frequency 6 8 10 6 8 2

(𝑥 ) (𝑓 ) 𝑓𝑥 |𝑥 − 𝒙| 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝒙|

2 6 12 6 36

5 8 40 3 24

7 10 70 1 10

8 6 48 0 0

10 8 80 2 16

35 2 72 27 54

N=40 ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 = 𝟑𝟐𝟎 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥| = 140

∑𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 𝟑𝟐𝟎
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏( 𝒙 ) = = =𝟖
𝑵 𝟒𝟎
| |
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 = = = = 3.5

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following continuous frequency
distribution

Class Interval 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

Frequency 3 7 12 15 8

Sol:

Class Interval Frequency Mid values 𝑥 −𝐴 𝑓𝑑 |𝑥 − 𝑥| 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥|

𝑑 =
𝑐
C.I (𝑓 ) (𝑥 )

0 – 10 5 5 -2 -10 22 110

10 – 20 8 15 -1 -8 12 96

20 – 30 15 25(A) 0 0 2 30

30 – 40 16 35 1 16 8 128

40 – 50 6 45 2 12 18 108

N=50 ∑𝑓 𝑑 =10 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥|
= 472

Here N=50, ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒅𝒊 Mean D from mean =

| |
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏(𝒙) = 𝑨 + ×𝑪
𝑵
A=25,
=
𝒙 = 25 + × 10
C=10,
= 9.44
𝒙 = 25 + 2
(∑𝑓 𝑑 ) = 10,
𝒙 = 27
𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥| = 472

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3. Find the mean deviation from the mean of the following continuous frequency
distribution

Class Interval 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Frequency 5 15 25 30 20 5

Sol:

Class Interval Frequency Mid values 𝑥 −𝐴 𝑓𝑑 |𝑥 − 𝑥| 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥|

𝑑 =
𝑐
C.I (𝑓 ) (𝑥 )

40 – 50 5 45 -2 -10 26 130

50 – 60 15 55 -1 -15 16 240

60 – 70 25 65(A) 0 0 6 150

70 – 80 30 75 1 30 4 120

80 – 90 20 85 2 40 14 280

90-100 5 95 3 15 24 120

N=100 ∑𝑓 𝑑 =60 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥|
= 1040

Here N=50, ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒅𝒊 Mean D from mean =

| |
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏(𝒙) = 𝑨 + ×𝑪
𝑵
A=25,
=
𝒙 = 65 + × 10
C=10,
= 10.4
𝒙 = 65 + 6
(∑𝑓 𝑑 ) = 10,
𝒙 = 71
𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥| = 1040

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4. Find the mean deviation from the median of the following continuous frequency
distribution

Class 6 9 3 12 15 13 21 22
Interval

Frequency 4 5 3 2 5 4 4 3

Sol: Arranging the observations in ascending order we get

(𝑥 ) 3 6 9 12 13 15 21 22

(𝑓 ) 3 4 5 2 4 5 4 3

(𝑥 ) (𝑓 ) C.F |𝑥 − 𝑀| 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑀|

3 3 3 10 30

6 4 7 7 28

9 5 12 4 20

12 2 14 1 2

(M)13 4 18 0 0

15 5 23 2 10

21 4 27 8 32

22 3 30 9 27

N=30 𝑓 𝑥 −𝑀
= 149

Here N=30, Mean D from median

| |
=15, Median=13 =

𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑀| = 149 = = 4.97

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. Find the mean deviation from the median of the following continuous frequency
distribution

Class 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60

Interval

Frequency 120 125 175 160 150 140 100 30

Sol:

Class Interval Frequency C.F Mid values |𝑥 − 𝑀| 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑀|

C.I (𝑓 ) (𝑥 )

20 - 25 120 120 22.5 15 1800

25 - 30 125 245 27.5 10 1250

30 – 35 175 420 32.5 5 875

35 – 40 160 580 37.5(A) 0 0

40 – 45 150 630 42,5 05 750

45 –50 140 870 47.5 10 1400

50-55 100 970 52.5 15 1500

55-60 30 1000 57.5 20 600

N=1000 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑀|
= 8175

Here N=1000, 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏(𝒙) | |

Mean D from median =
𝑵
− 𝑷. 𝑪. 𝑭
=500, 𝟐
=𝑳+ .𝑪 =
𝒇
f=160, F=420
= 8.175
𝑴 = 35 + ×5
C=5, L=35

𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑀| = 8175 𝒙 = 35 + ×5

𝒙 = 35 + 2.5 = 37.5

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

6. Calculate the variance and standard deviation of the following discrete frequency
distribution

𝑥 4 8 11 17 20 24 32

Frequency 3 5 9 5 4 3 1

Sol:

𝑥 Frequency 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑥)

(𝑓 )

4 3 12 -10 100 300

8 5 40 -6 36 180

11 9 99 -3 9 81

17 5 85 3 9 45

20 4 80 6 36 144

24 3 72 10 100 300

32 1 32 18 324 324

∑𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑥)
= 1374
∑𝑓 𝑥 = 420

Here N=30, ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒙𝒊 ∑ ( )

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏(𝒙) = Variance=
𝑵
∑𝑓 𝑥 = 420
= = =45.8

= 14 S.D=√45.8 = 6.77
∑𝑓 (𝑥 − 𝑥) = 1374

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. Calculate the variance and standard deviation of the following continuous frequency
distribution

Class Interval 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100

Frequency 3 7 12 15 8 3 2

Sol:

Class Interval Frequency Mid 𝑥 −𝐴 𝑑 𝑓𝑑 𝑓𝑑

𝑑 =
values 𝑐
C.I (𝑓 )
(𝑥 )

30 - 40 3 35 -3 9 -9 27

40 – 50 7 45 -2 4 -14 28

50 – 60 12 55 -1 1 -12 12

60 – 70 15 65(A) 0 0 0 0

70 – 80 8 75 1 1 8 8

80 – 90 3 85 2 4 6 12

90 - 100 2 95 3 9 6 18

∑𝑓 𝑑 = −15 ∑𝑓 𝑑 = 105

Here N=50, ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒅𝒊

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏(𝒙) = 𝑨 + ×𝑪 Variance= 𝑁 ∑𝑓 𝑑 − (∑𝑓 𝑑 )
𝑵
A=65,
= 65 + − × 10 = [25(105) − (−15) ]
C=10,
= 65 − 3 = [5250 − 225]
(∑𝑓 𝑑 ) = −15,
= 62 = [5025] = 201
∑𝑓 𝑑 = 105

S.D=√201 = 14.18

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

8. The following table gives daily wages of workers in a factory. Calculate the standard
deviation and coefficient of variation of the wages of the workers.

wages 125-175 175-225 225-275 275-325 325-375 375-425 425-475 475-525 525-575

No of 2 22 19 14 3 4 6 1 1
workers

Sol:

Class Interval Frequency Mid values 𝑥 −𝐴 𝑑 𝑓𝑑 𝑓𝑑

𝑑 =
𝑐
C.I (𝑓 ) (𝑥 )

125-175 2 150 -3 9 -6 18

175-225 22 200 -2 4 -44 88

225-275 19 250 -1 1 -19 19

275-325 14 300(A) 0 0 0 0

325-375 3 350 1 1 3 3

375-425 4 400 2 4 8 16

425-475 6 450 3 9 18 54

475-525 1 5500 4 16 4 16

525-575 1 550 5 25 5 25

∑𝑓 𝑑 ∑𝑓 𝑑
= −31 = 239

Here N=72, ∑𝒇𝒊 𝒅𝒊

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏(𝒙) = 𝑨 + ×𝑪 Variance= 𝑁 ∑𝑓 𝑑 − (∑𝑓 𝑑 )
𝑵
A=300,
= 300 + − × 50 S.D= [72(239) − (−31) ]
C=50,

(∑𝑓 𝑑 ) = −31, = 300 − = 88.52

= 278.47 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

∑𝑓 𝑑 = 239
.
= × 100 = 31.79
𝒙

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9. The scores of two cricketers A and B in 10 innings are given below, find who is better
run getter and who is a more consistent player.

Scores of 40 25 19 80 38 8 67 121 66 76
A: 𝑥

Scores of 28 70 31 0 14 111 66 31 25 4
B: 𝑦

1. Sol:

(𝑥 ) (𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑥 − 𝑥) (𝑦 ) (𝑦 − 𝑦) (𝑦 − 𝑦)

40 -14 196 28 -10 100

25 -29 841 70 32 1024

19 -35 1225 31 -7 49

80 26 676 0 -38 1444

38 -16 256 14 -24 576

8 -46 2116 111 73 5329

67 13 169 66 28 784

121 67 4489 31 -7 49

66 12 144 25 -13 169

76 22 484 4 -34 1156

∑𝑥 =540 ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥) ∑𝑦 =380 ∑(𝑦 − 𝑦)

= 10596 = 10680

∑ ∑( )
For cricketer A: 𝒙 = = = 54; 𝑆. 𝐷 = = = √1059.6 = 32.55

∑ ∑( )
For cricketer B: 𝒚 = = = 38; 𝑆. 𝐷 = = = √1068 = 32.68

𝝈𝒙 . 𝝈𝒚 .
C.V of A = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = × 100 = 60.28 and C.V of B = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = × 100 = 86
𝒙 𝒚
Since 𝒙 > 𝒚, 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕𝒆 𝑨 𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒖𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒓
And C.V of A > C.V of B, A is also more consistent player.

AIMS TUTORIAL MESURES OF DISPERSION

AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1. State and explain the axioms that define ‘probability function ‘.

Prove addition theorem on probability. i.e.,
P (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ).

STATEMENT: If A, B are two events in a sample space S,

Then P (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ).

Proof: s
Case 1: Suppose that 𝐴 𝐵

(A ∩ B ) =∅
P (A ∩ B ) =P (∅) = 0…… (1)

P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P (B) by axioms of union

= P (A) + P (B) - 0
P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) - P (A ∩ B ) …… (2)

Case 2: Suppose that

(A ∩ B ) ≠ ∅

From Venn diagram

P (A ∪ B) = P [A ∪ (B − A)]
= P (A) + P (B − A)

∴(B − A) = [B − (A ∩ B)]

P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P[B − (A ∩ B )]

P (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ). … . . (3)

From (2) & (3)

P (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) =𝐏(𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ).

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2. A, B, C are three horses in a race. The probability of A to win the

race is twice that of B and probability of B is twice that of C. what
are the probabilities of A , B and C to win the race ?
Sol. Let P (A), P (B), P(C) be the events that the horses A, B, C wins the
race respectively.
Given P (A) = 2P (B)……. (1),
P (B) = 2P(C)…………. (2)
∴ P (A) = 2P (B) =2[2P(C)] = 4P(C) ……. (3)

Since the horses A, B and C run the race,

A∪B∪C = S and A, B, C are mutually disjoint

P (A ∪ B∪ C) = P (A) + P (B) + P(C) =1

⇒ P(S) = 4p(C) +2p(C) + P(C) =1

𝟏
⇒ 7P(C) =1 ∴ P(C) =
𝟕

𝟐
From (2) ⇨ P (B) = 2P(C) =2[ ] ∴ P (B) =
𝟕

From (3) ⇨P (A) = 4P(C) =4[ ] 𝟒

∴ P (A) =
𝟕

P (A) = , P (B) = , P (C) =

Probability that horse A loses in the race =P ( ) =1- P (A) =1 – = .

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3. A, B, C are three newspapers from a city, 20% of the population

read A, 16% read B, 14% read C, 8% read both A and B, 5% read
both A and C, 4% read both B and C, 2% read all three. Find the
percentage of the population who read at least one newspaper and
find the percentage of the population who read paper A only.
Sol:
Let A, B, C be the events that a person selected from the city reads
newspapers A, B, C respectively.

Given that P(A) = , P(B) = , P(c) =

P(A ∩ B) = , P(A ∩ C) = , P(B ∩ C) = ,

and P(A ∩ B ∩ C) = ,

P(A ∪ B ∪ C) =?

Probability that a person selected from the city reads at least one news
paper

P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(c) −P(A ∩ B) − P(A ∩ C)

−P(B ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)

⇨ P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = + + − − − +

⇨ P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = =
∴ Required percentage of population who read at least one newspaper
P(A ∪ B ∪ C) × 100
= × 100 = 35%

Probability that the selected person read the newspaper A only

=P(A) − P(A ∩ B) − P(A ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
= − − +

= = 9%

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4. The probabilities of three events A,B,C are such that P (A) = 𝐨. 𝟑,

𝐏 (𝐁) = 𝟎. 𝟒, 𝐏 (𝐜) = 𝟎. 𝟖, 𝐏 (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖, P (A∩ 𝐂) = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟖,
𝐏 (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗, and P (A∪B ∪C) ≥ 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓. S.T P (B∩ 𝐂) lies in
the interval [0.23, 0.48].

Sol:
P (A) = o. 3 , P (B) = 0.4, P (c) = 0.8,

P (A ∩ B) = 0.08, P (A∩ C) = 0.28,

P (A ∩ B ∩ C) = 0.09,
and P(A∪B∪C)≥ 0.75.
We know that
P (A ∪ B ∪ C) = P (A) + P (B) + P(C)
−P (A ∩ B) − P (B ∩ C) −P (A ∩ C) + P (A ∩ B ∩ C)

∴ 0.75 ≤ P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≤ 1

⇨0.75≤ o. 3 + 0.4+, 0.8 − 0.08 − 0.28 − P(B ∩ C) + 0.09 ≤ 1

⇨0.75≤ 1.23 − P(B ∩ C) ≤ 1

⇒0.75−1.23 ≤ 1.23 − 1.23 − P(B ∩ C) ≤ 1 − 1.23

⇒-0.48≤ −P(B ∩ C) ≤ −0.23

⇒0.48≥ P(B ∩ C) ≥ 0.23 ∴P (B ∩ C) lies in the interval [0.23, 0.48].

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. The probability of three mutually exclusive events is respectively,

𝟏 𝟑𝐩 𝟏 𝐩 𝟏 𝟐𝐩
given as , ,
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 ≤𝐩≤ .
𝟑 𝟐
Sol: let A, B, C be the given 3 mutually exclusive events.
P(A) = , P(B) = , P(C) =

0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1
⇨0≤ ≤1
⇨ 0 ≤ 1 + 3p ≤ 3
⇨ −1 ≤ 3p ≤ 2
⇨ − ≤ p ≤ … (1)

0 ≤ P(B) ≤ 1 ⇨0≤ ≤1

⇨0≤1−p≤4
⇨ −1 ≤ −p ≤ 4 − 1
⇨ −1 ≤ −p ≤ 3
⇨ −3 ≤ p ≤ 1 …….. (2)

0 ≤ P(C) ≤ 1 ⇨0≤ ≤1

⇨ 0 ≤ 1 − 2p ≤ 2

⇨ −1 ≤ −2p ≤ 2 − 1

⇨ − ≤ −p ≤

⇨− ≤p≤ … …. (3)

𝟏 𝟑𝐩 𝟏 𝐩 𝟏 𝟐𝐩
Also 0 = P(A ∪ B ∪ C) ≤ 1 ⇨0 ≤ + + ≤1
𝟑 𝟒 𝟐

⇨0 ≤ 4 + 12p + 3 − 3p + 6 − 12p ≤ 12

⇨0 ≤ 13 − 3p ≤ 12

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

⇨0 ≥ 3p − 13 ≥ −12

⇨13 ≥ 3p ≥ 1

⇨ ≥p≥ OR ≤P≤ … . . (4)

𝟏 𝟏
From (1), (2), (3) & (4) we get ≤𝐩≤ .
𝟑 𝟐

6. A, B, C are aiming to shoot a balloon. A will succeed 4 times out of 5

attempts. The chance of B to shoot the balloon is 3 out of 4 and that
of C is 2 out of 3. If three aim the balloon simultaneously, then find
the probability that at least two of them hit the balloon.
Sol: Let A, B, C be the events that the shooters A, B, C succeed in
shooting the balloon.
Given that
P (A) = ⇨ P A = 1 − P(A) =
P (B) = ⇨ P B = 1 − P(B) =
P (C) = ⇨ P C = 1 − P(C) =
Clearly A, B, C are independent events.

Probability that at least two of them hit the balloon

= P (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ c) + P 𝐀 ∩ B ∩ 𝐂 + P (A ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)+ P (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ∩ 𝐂)

= P (A) P (B) P (C) + P (A) P (B) P (C)+ P (A) P (B) P (C)

+ P (A) P (B) P (C)

= . . + . . + . . + . .

= + + + = =

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. In a shooting test the probability of A, B, C hitting the targets are

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
, , respectively. It all of them fire at the same target. Find the
𝟐 𝟑 𝟒
probability that
i) Only one of them hits the target.
ii) At least one of them hits the target.

Sol. The probabilities that A, B, C hitting the targets are denoted by

P (A) = ⇨ P (A) = 1- P (A) =

P (B) = ⇨ P (B) = 1- P (B) =

P (C) = ⇨ P (C) =1- P (C) =

Clearly A, B, C are independent events.

i) Probability that only one of them hit the target

= P A ∩ B ∩ C + P A ∩ B ∩ C + P (A ∩ B ∩ C)

= P (A) P (B) P (C) + P (A) P (B) P (C) + P (A) P (B) P (C)

= . . + . . + . .

= + + = = = .

ii) Probability that at least one of them hits the target

= 1 – Probability that none of them hits the target. =1- P (A ∩ B ∩ C)

=1- P (A) P (B) P (C)

=1- . . = 1- = .

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

8. A, B, C are three independent events of an experiment such that

𝟏
𝐏 𝐀∩B∩C = ,
𝟒

𝟏
𝐏 A ∩ 𝐁 ∩ C = , 𝐏 (A ∩ B ∩ C)=1/4 then find P (A) , P (B) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 P (C).
𝟖

Sol: given that A, B, C are independent events and

P A ∩ B ∩ C = ⇒ P (A). P B . P C = …… (1)

P A ∩ B ∩ C = ⇒ P A . P (B). P C = ……… (2)

P (A ∩ B ∩ C)=1/4⇒ P A . P B . P C = ……… (3)

( ) ( ) P (A) = 1 − P (𝐴)
( )
= =

( )
⇒ =1
( )

⇒ P (A) = 1 − P (A) ⇒ 2P (A) = 1

⇒ P (A) = ⇒ P A = ……. (4)

( ) ( )
( )
= ( )
=

( )
⇒ = . ⇒ 2P (B) = 1 − P (B)
( )

⇒ 3P (B) = 1

⇒ P (B) = . ⇒ P B = ……. (5)

From (4) & (5), P (A)P B P C =

. . P C = ⇒ P C = . = … . . (6)

P (C) = 1 − P C =1- =

P (A) = , P (B) = , P (C) =

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9. Define conditional probability. There are 3 black and 4 white balls

in one bag; 4 black and 3 white balls in the second bag. A die is
rolled and the first bag is selected if it is 1 or 3, and second bag for
the rest. Find the probability of drawing a black ball from the
selected bag.
Sol: conditional probability: if A, B are two events in a sample space S
and P (A) ≠0, then the probability of B after the event A has occurred is
called conditional probability of B given by A. it is denoted by P ( )

( ∩ ) ( ∩ )
P( )= =
( ) ( )

Let E , E be the events of selecting first and second bags respectively

Let B be the event of drawing a black ball from the first bag now P (E )
= = , P (E ) = =

Probability of drawing a black ball from the first bag is P ( )=

Probability of drawing a black ball from the 2nd bag is

P( )= By total probability theorem,

P (B) = P (E ). P ( ) + P (E ). P ( )

= . + . = = .

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10. State and prove Baye’s theorem.

Sol: if E ,E , E … .. E are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events in a
sample space S such that

P (E ) ≠0 for i=1, 2, 3 …n and A is any event with

( )
P (A)≠0, then P =
∑ ( )

Proof: given thatE ,E , E … .. E are mutually exclusive and exhaustive

events in a sample space S.

⇒,E ∪ E ∪ E ∪ … . .∪ E =S ⇒ ∐ E =S

Given ‘A’’ is any event of a random experiment, then

Since A=A∩ S, A=A ∩ ∐ E ⇨A=∐ E ∩A

Applying p on both sides we get

P(A)=P ∑ (E ∩ A) … … … (1)

[By multiplication theorem]

P(A)= ∑ P(E ) P …. (1). for i=1, 2, 3…….

And also, by using conditional

( ∩ )
Probability: P = ( )
……. (2)

And w. k. t P (E ∩ A) = P(E ) P …. (3)

[By multiplication theorem]

Sub (1) & (3) in (2)

( )
P = for K=1, 2, 3……n
∑ ( )

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

11. Three boxes numbered I,II,III contain 1 white ,2 black and 3 red
balls; 2 white, 1 black and 1 red ball;4 white 5 black and 3 red. One
box is elected and a ball is drawn from it. If the ball is red then find
the probability that it is from box II.
Sol: given
Box white black Red Total

I 1 2 3 6

II 2 1 1 4

III 4 5 3 12

Let B , B , B be the events of selecting the boxes I, II, III respectively.

P (B ) = P (B ) =P (B ) =
Let R be the event of drawing a red ball.
P ( )= = , P ( )= , P ( )= = .

∴ the probability that the

red ball from box − II

𝐑
𝐁𝟐 𝐏(𝐁𝟐 )𝐏
𝐁𝟐
P( )= 𝐑 𝐑 𝐑
𝐑 𝐏(𝐁𝟏 )𝐏 𝐏(𝐁𝟐 )𝐏 𝐏(𝐁𝟑 )𝐏
𝐁𝟏 𝐁𝟐 𝐁𝟑

.
=

= =

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

12. Three boxes contains balls With different colors as follows:

w B R

𝐁𝟏 2 1 2

𝐁𝟐 3 2 4

𝐁𝟑 4 3 2

A die is thrown. If 1 or 2 turns up on the dice, Box 𝐁𝟏 is selected: if 3

or 4 turn up 𝐁𝐨𝐱 𝐁𝟐 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝; if 5 or 6 turn up
𝐁𝐨𝐱 𝐁𝟑 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝;if a box is selected like this, a ball is drawn from
that box . if the ball is red, then find the probability that it was drawn
from 𝐁𝟐 .
: given
Box white Black red total

B 2 1 2 5

B 3 2 4 9

B 4 3 2 9

Let B , B , B be the events of selecting the boxes

B , B , B respectively.
P (B ) = P (B ) =P (B ) =
Let R be the event of drawing a red ball.
P ( )= , P ( )= , P ( ) =

∴ the probability that the

red ball from box − B

𝐑
𝐁𝟐 𝐏(𝐁𝟐 )𝐏 ×
𝐁𝟐
P( )= 𝐑 𝐑 𝐑
=
𝐑 𝐏(𝐁𝟏 )𝐏 𝐏(𝐁𝟐 )𝐏 𝐏(𝐁𝟑 )𝐏
𝐁𝟏 𝐁𝟐 𝐁𝟑

= = × =

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

13. In a certain college, 25% of the boys and 10% of the girls are
studying mathematics. The girls constitute 60% of the student
strength. If a student selected at random is found studying
mathematics, find the probability that the student is a girl.
Sol:
Let G, B denotes the events of selecting student is a girl, a boy
respectively and M denote the selected student is studying mathematics.
Then P(G) = ; P(B) =
P = ,P =
By Baye stheorem
𝐌
𝐏(𝐆)𝐏
𝐆
P = 𝐌 𝐌
𝐏(𝐆)𝐏 𝐏(𝐁)𝐏
𝐆 𝐁

.
=
. .

.
= = = =
. .

Q. NO 23 PROBABILITY
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

TYPE-1: BASSED ON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

1. The probability distribution of a random variable is given by
𝑿=𝒙 1 2 3 4 5

P(X=x) 1k 2k 3k 4k 5k

Find the value of k, mean & variance of X.

Sol:
Given that X is a random variable
Sum of the probabilities =1⇨ ∑ 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟏
⇨ 1𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 3𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 5𝑘 = 1
⇨ 15𝑘 = 1 ⇨ 𝑘 =
Let 𝜇 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑋
𝝁 = ∑ 𝒙𝒊 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 )

= 1(𝑘) + 2(2𝑘) + 3(3𝑘) + 4(4𝑘) + 5(5𝑘)

= 𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 9𝑘 + 16𝑘 + 25𝑘

= 55𝑘 =

𝜇=

𝝈𝟐 =∑ 𝒙𝒊 𝟐 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) − 𝝁𝟐

= 1(𝑘) + 4(2𝑘) + 9(3𝑘) + 16(4𝑘) + 25(5𝑘) − 𝝁𝟐

= 𝑘 + 8𝑘 + 27𝑘 + 64𝑘 + 125𝑘 − 𝝁𝟐

𝟏𝟏
= 225𝑘 − ( )𝟐 = −
𝟑

= 15 − = =

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2. The probability distribution of a random variable is given by

𝑿 = 𝒙 -2 - 0 1 2 3
1
P(X=x) 0.1 k 0.2 2k 0.3 k

Find the value of k, mean & variance of X.

Sol: Given that X is a random variable
Sum of the probabilities =1⇨ ∑ 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟏
⇨ 0.1 + 𝑘 + 0.2 + 2𝑘 + 0.3 + 𝑘 = 1
⇨ 4𝑘 + 0.6 = 1
⇨ 4𝑘 = 1 − 0.6
⇨ 4𝑘 = 0.4 ⇨𝑘 = 0.1 𝑜𝑟

Let 𝜇 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑋

𝝁 = ∑ 𝒙𝒊 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 )

= (−2)(0.1) + (−1)(𝑘) + (0)(0.2) + (1)(2𝑘) + (2)(0.3) + (3)(𝑘)

= −0.2 − 𝑘 + 0 + 2𝑘 + 0.6 + 3𝑘

= 4𝑘 + 0.4 = 0.4 + 0.4

𝜇 = 0.8

𝝈𝟐 =∑ 𝒙𝒊 𝟐 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) − 𝝁𝟐

= (−2) (0.1) + (−1) (𝑘) + (0) (0.2) + (1) (2𝑘) + (2) (0.3) +
(3) (𝑘) − 𝝁𝟐

= 4(0.1) + 1(𝑘) + 0 + 1(2𝑘) + 4(0.3) + 9(𝑘) − 𝝁𝟐

= 0.4 + 1.2 + 12𝑘 − 𝝁𝟐

= 0.4 + 1.2 + 1.2 − (0.8)

= 2.8 − (0.8) = 2.8 − 0.64 = 2.16

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3. The probability distribution of a random variable is given by

𝑿=𝒙 0 1 2 𝟑 𝟒 𝟓 6 7

P(X=x) 0 k 2k 2k 3k 𝑘 2𝑘 7𝑘 + 𝑘

Find the value of k, mean of X. and P(0 < X < 5).

Sol: Given that X is a random variable
Sum of the probabilities =1⇨ ∑ 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟏
⇨ 0 + 𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 3𝑘 + 𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 7𝑘 + 𝑘 = 1
⇨ 10𝑘 + 9𝑘 − 1 = 0
⇨ 10𝑘 + 10𝑘 − 1𝑘 − 1 = 0
⇨ 10𝑘(𝑘 + 1) − 1(𝑘 + 1) = 0
⇨ (𝑘 + 1)(10𝑘 − 1) = 0
⇨ (𝑘 + 1) = 0, (10𝑘 − 1) = 0
⇨ 𝑘 = −1, 𝑘 =
Let 𝜇 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑋
𝝁 = ∑ 𝒙𝒊 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 )

= (0)(0) + (1)(𝑘) + (2)(2𝑘) + (3)(2𝑘) + (4)(3𝑘) + (5)(𝑘 ) +

(6)(2𝑘 ) + 7(7𝑘 + 𝑘) =1

= 0 + 𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 6𝑘 + 12𝑘 + 5𝑘 + 12𝑘 + 49𝑘 + 7𝑘

= 30𝑘 + 66𝑘 { 𝑘 = ,𝑘 = }

= +

= + = = 3.66
P (0 < X < 5) =𝑃(𝑋 = 1)+ 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 4)
= 𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 2𝑘 + 3𝑘

=8k= 8(0.1) { 𝑘 = }

= 0.8

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4. A cubical die is thrown. Find the mean and variance of X, given

number on the face that shows up.

Sol:

𝑿=𝒙 1 2 3 4 5 6

P(X=x) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

Let 𝜇 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜎 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑋

𝝁 = ∑ 𝒙𝒊 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 )

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=1 +2 +3 +4 +5 + 6( )
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔

= (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6)
= (21)

𝜇=

𝝈𝟐 =∑ 𝒙𝒊 𝟐 . 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) − 𝝁𝟐

=1 +4 +9 + 16 + 25 + 36( ) − 𝝁𝟐

= (1 + 4 + 16 + 25 + 36) − 𝝁𝟐

= (91) −

= −

= =

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. The range of a random variable X is {0, 1, 2}. Given that P(X=0) =3𝒄𝟑 ,
P(x=1)4c-10𝒄𝟐 , P(X=2) =5c-1 where c is constant
Find (i) the value of c (ii)P(X<1) (iii) P(1<X≤ 𝟐) (iv) P(0<X<3)
Sol: Given P(X=0) =3𝑐 , P(x=1) =4c-10𝑐 , P(X=2) =5c-1.
Given that X is a random variable
Sum of the probabilities =1⇨ ∑ 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟏
⇨ 3𝑐 + 4𝑐 − 10𝑐 + 5𝑐 − 1 = 1
⇨ 3𝑐 − 10𝑐 + 9𝑐 − 2 = 0
𝐵𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐 = 1 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞 By synthetic division

3 -10 9 -2
10 3 -7 2
3 -7 2 0

Now the above eq’’n becomes

⇨(𝑐 − 1)( 3𝑐 − 7𝑐 + 2) = 0
⇨(𝑐 = 1), ( 3𝑐 − 7𝑐 + 2) = 0
⇨ 3𝑐 − 7𝑐 + 2 = 0 ⇨ 3𝑐 − 6𝑐 − 𝑐 + 2 = 0
⇨ 3𝑐(𝑐 − 2) − 1(𝑐 − 2) = 0 ⇨ (𝑐 − 2)(3𝑐 − 1) = 0
⇨ (𝑐 − 2) = 0, (3𝑐 − 1) = 0
⇨ 𝑐 = 2, 𝑐 = ∴ 𝑐 = 1, 2,
𝑐 = 1, 2 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 So, the value of c is

(ii) 𝑃(𝑋 < 1) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)=3𝑐

=3 = =

(𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃(1 < 𝑋 ≤ 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 5𝑐 − 1

=5 −1= =
(𝑖𝑣)𝑃(0 < 𝑋 < 3) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)

= {𝑃(𝑋 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)} − 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)

= 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) = 1 − =

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

6. A random variable X has the range {1, 2, 3….}.

𝒄𝑲
If P (X= K) = 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑲 = 𝟏, 𝟐, … ..then find C and P (0 < X < 3).
𝑲!

Sol: 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐾) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐾 = 1, 2, … ..

!
Sum of the probabilities =1⇨ ∑ 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒙𝒊 ) = 𝟏
⇨ + + + ⋯=1
! ! !
Adding ‘1’on both sides
⇨1+ + + + ⋯=1+1
! ! !
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
∴ 𝑒 =1+ + + +⋯
1! 2! 3!
𝑎 = 𝑁 ⇨ 𝑥 = log 𝑁
⇨𝑒 = 2
⇨𝑐 = log 2

𝑃 (0 < 𝑋 < 3) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 2)

= +
! !

( ) ( )
= +
! !

7. A random variable X has the range {0, 1, 2, 3….}.

𝒄(𝒌 𝟏)
If P(X= K) = 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑲 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟐, … ..find c.
𝟐𝒌
Sol:
( )
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝐾) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐾 = 0, 1, 2, … ..

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= + + + + ⋯.= 1

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
⇨ + + + + ⋯.= 1

⇨ 𝑐 1+2 +3 +4 +⋯ =1

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

{∴ (1 − 𝑥) = 1 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 4𝑥 + ⋯ }
⇨𝑐 1− =1

⇨𝑐 =1

⇨𝑐 =1
⇨ 𝑐[4] = 1
⇨𝑐 =

TYPE-2: BASSED ON BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

𝑷(𝑿 = 𝒓) = 𝒏𝒄𝒓 𝒑𝒓 𝒒𝒏 𝒓

8. In the experiment to tossing a coin n times, if the variable X denotes the

number of heads and P(X=4), P(X=5), P(X=6) are in A.P, then find n.
Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑛, 𝑝 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 Distribution
𝑝= 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑(𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠)
𝑞= 𝑔𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑(𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒)
Given that
𝑃(𝑋 = 4), 𝑃(𝑋 = 5), 𝑃(𝑋 = 6) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃

𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = 𝑛 𝑝 𝑞
⎧ ⎫
⎪ ⎪
𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑛
⎨ ⎬
⎪ =𝑛 ⎪
⎩ ⎭
𝑃(𝑋 = 4) = 𝑛

𝑃(𝑋 = 5) = 𝑛

𝑃(𝑋 = 6) = 𝑛

𝑖𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃
𝒏 𝒄𝒓 𝒓+𝟏
=
Q. No: 24 𝒏 𝒄𝒓 𝟏 𝒏 − 𝒓
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

( )
⇨ 2= = +

⇨2 = +

⇨2 = + ⇨2 = +

⇨2(𝑛 − 4)(6) = 30 + (𝑛 − 5)(𝑛 − 4)

⇨12𝑛 − 48 = 30 + 𝑛 − 4𝑛 − 5𝑛 + 20

⇨12𝑛 − 48 = 𝑛 − 9𝑛 + 50

⇨ 𝑛 − 9𝑛 − 12𝑛 + 50 + 48 = 0

⇨ 𝑛 − 21𝑛 + 98 = 0

⇨ 𝑛 − 7𝑛 − 14𝑛 + 98 = 0

⇨ 𝑛(𝑛 − 7) − 14(𝑛 − 7) = 0
⇨ (𝑛 − 7)(𝑛 − 14) = 0
⇨ (𝑛 − 7) = 0, (𝑛 − 14) = 0
⇨ 𝑛 = 7, 𝑛 = 14

9. If the mean and variance of binomial variants X are 2.4 and 1.44
respectively, find 𝑷(𝟏 < 𝑋 ≤ 4).

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Sol:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛(𝑛𝑝) = 2.4 … . (1)
𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒(𝑛𝑝𝑞) = 1.44 … . . (2)

( ) .
⇨ =
( ) .

⇨𝑞= =

∴ 𝑝+𝑞 =1 ⇨ 𝑝 =1−𝑞

𝑝=1− =
𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1) ⇨ 𝑛𝑝 = 2.4
.
.
⇨𝑛= = =6
𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑷(𝟏 < 𝑋 ≤ 4)

= 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 𝑃(𝑋 = 3) + 𝑃(𝑋 = 4)

𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = 𝑛 𝑝 𝑞

=6 +6 +6

=6 +6 +6

× × ×
= 15 + 20 + 15

× × ×
=
= =

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10. If the difference between the mean and the variance of a binomial
variance is 5/9, then find the probability for the event of 2 successes,
when the experiment is conducted 5 times.
Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑛, 𝑝 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙 Distribution
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑛 = 5,
𝑛𝑝 − 𝑛𝑝𝑞 = … … . . (1)
⇨𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑞) =
⇨𝑛𝑝(𝑝) =
⇨5𝑝 =
⇨𝑝 = ⇨ 𝑝 = , 𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 = 1 − =

𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑷(𝑋 = 2)

𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = 𝑛 𝑝 𝑞

=5

×
=
×

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
 AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

11. One in nine ships is likely to be wrecked when they are set on sail.
When 6 ships are set on sail, find the probability
(i)at least one will arrive safely.
(ii)exactly three will arrive safely.

Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑛, 𝑝 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑞 = {𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒}
𝑝 = 1 − 𝑞 = 1 − = (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠) , n=6
(𝑖)𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 at least one will
arrive safely = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 − 𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑙𝑦.
= 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 = 0) 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = 𝑛 𝑝 𝑞
=1 − 6 =1−
(ii) 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 Exactly three will arrive safely
(𝑋 = 3) = 6

× ×
= = 20
× ×

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
AIMS TUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Q. No: 24
Random variable & P Distribution
1. (A). Show that the four points in the argand diagram represented by the
𝟑 𝟏 𝟕
complex numbers – 𝟐 + 𝟕𝒊, − 𝟐 + 𝟐 𝒊, 4 − 3𝑖 , 𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝒊) are the vertices of

rhombus.

Sol: 𝒍𝒆𝒕 𝐴 = −2 + 7𝑖 = (−2, 7), B=− + 𝑖 = − , C= 4 − 3𝑖= (4, −3),

D= (1 + 𝑖) = ( , )
AB= (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
A (-2, 7), B (− , )

√
AB= − +2 + −7 = + = + =

B (− , ), C (4, -3)

√
BC= 4+ + −3 − = + − = =

C (4, -3) D ( , )

√
CD= −4 + +3 = + = =

D( , ), A (-2, 7)

√
DA= −2 − + 7− = + = ( + )=
A (-2, 7), C (4, -3)

AC= (4 + 2) + (−3 − 7) = (6) + (−10) = √36 + 100 = √136

B (− , ) D ( , ),

√
BD= + + − = + = + =

AB=BC=CD=DA and AC≠BD

∴ Given complex number are the vertices of a rhombus.

(B). Show that the four points in the argand diagram represented by the complex
numbers 𝟐 + 𝒊, 𝟒 + 𝟑𝒊, 𝟐 + 𝟓𝒊, 𝟑𝒊 are the vertices of square.

Sol: 𝒍𝒆𝒕
𝐴 = 2 + 𝑖 = (2, 1), B= 4 + 3𝑖 = (4, 3), C= 2 + 5𝑖= (2, 5), D=3i=(0, 3)

AB= (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 A (2, 1), B (4, 3)

AB= (4 − 2) + (3 − 1) = (2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8

B (4, 3), C (2, 5)

BC= (2 − 4) + (5 − 3) = (−2) + (2) = √4 + 4 = √8

C (2, 5) D (0, 3),

CD= (0 − 2) + (3 − 5) = (−2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8

D (0, 3) A (2, 1),

DA= (2 − 0) + (1 − 3) = (2) + (−2) = √4 + 4 = √8

A (2, 1), C (2, 5)

AC= (2 − 2) + (5 − 1) = (0) + (4) = √16 = 4

B (4, 3) D (0, 3),

BD= (0 − 4) + (3 − 3) = (−4) + (0) = √16 = 4

AB=BC=CD=DA and AC=BD

∴ given complex number are the vertices of a square

 (C). Show that the points in the argand diagram represented by the complex

numbers 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊, − 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊, − 𝟐√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟑𝒊 are the vertices of an equilateral

triangle.
Sol: 𝒍𝒆𝒕
𝐴 = 2 + 2𝑖 = (2, 2),
B= −2 − 2𝑖 = (−2, −2),

C= −2√3 + 2√3𝑖= (− 2√3, 2√3)

AB= (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 A (2, 2), B (-2, -2)

AB= (−2 − 2) + (−2 − 2) = (−4) + (−4) = √16 + 16 = √32

B (-2, -2), C (-2√3, 2√3)

BC= −2√3 + 2 + 2√3 + 2

{(−𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏}{(𝑎 + 𝑏) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑏}

𝟐
= 12 + 4 − 8√3 + 12 + 4 + 8√3 𝟐√𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐

= √16 + 16 = √32

C (-2√3, 2√3) A (2, 2),

CA= 2 + 2√3 + 2 − 2√3

= 12 + 4 + 8√3 + 12 + 4 − 8√3 = √16 + 16 = √32

𝑨𝑩 = 𝑩𝑪 = 𝑪𝑨

𝟐 + 𝟐𝒊, − 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒊, − 𝟐√𝟑 + 𝟐√𝟑𝒊 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

 2. (A). If 𝒁 = 𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚 and if the point p in the argand plane represented by Z, find
the locus of Z satisfying the equation |𝒛 − 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊| = 𝟓.
Sol:
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 |𝑧 − 2 − 3𝑖| = 5, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦

⇨ |𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 − 2 − 3𝑖| = 5

⇨ |(𝑥 − 2) + 𝑖(𝑦 − 3)| = 5

⇨ (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 − 3) =5 S.O.B

⇨(𝑥 − 2) + (𝑦 − 3) = 25

⇨𝑥 + 4 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 + 9 − 6𝑦 − 25 = 0

∴𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 12 = 0.

(B). If 𝒁 = 𝟑 − 𝟓𝒊, then show that 𝒛𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒛𝟐 + 𝟓𝟖𝒛 − 𝟏𝟑𝟔 = 𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑍 = 3 − 5𝑖 =𝑧 − 3 = 5𝑖 S.O.B
S.O.B
⇨ (𝑧 − 3) = (−5𝑖)
⇨ 𝑧 + 9 − 6𝑧 = 25𝑖
⇨ 𝑧 + 9 − 6𝑧 = −25
⇨ 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟔𝒛 + 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟎 … . . (1)

Now 𝒛𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝒛𝟐 + 𝟓𝟖𝒛 − 𝟏𝟑𝟔.

𝑧 − 6𝑧 − 4𝑧 + 34𝑧 + 24𝑧 − 136
⇨𝑧(𝒛𝟐 − 𝟔𝒛 + 𝟑𝟒) − 4𝑧 + 24𝑧 − 136
⇨𝑧(0) − 4(𝒛𝟐 − 𝟔𝒛 + 𝟑𝟒)
⇨0 − 4(0)
=0.
 (C). If 𝒁 = 𝟐 −i√𝟕, then show that 𝟑𝒛𝟑 − 𝟒𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛 + 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝒁 = 𝟐 −i√𝟕 ⇨ 𝒛 − 𝟐 = −𝒊√𝟕 S.O.B ⇨ (𝑧 − 2) = −𝒊√𝟕

⇨ 𝑧 + 4 − 4𝑧 = 7𝑖
⇨ 𝑧 + 4 − 4𝑧 = −7
⇨ 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒𝒛 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎 … . . (1)

Now 𝟑𝒛𝟑 − 𝟒𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛 + 𝟖𝟖

𝟑𝒛𝟑 − 𝟏𝟐𝒛𝟐 + 𝟖𝒛𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝒛 − 𝟑𝟐𝒛 + 𝟖𝟖
⇨3𝑧(𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒𝒛 + 𝟏𝟏) + 8𝑧 − 32𝑧 + 88
⇨3𝑧(0) + 8(𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒𝒛 + 𝟏𝟏)=0 + 8(0)=0

𝒙 𝒚
3. (A). 𝒊𝒇 (𝒙 − 𝒊𝒚)𝟏/𝟑 = 𝒂 − 𝒊𝒃, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒂
+ 𝒃 = 𝟒(𝒂𝟐 − 𝒃𝟐 ).
/
𝑺𝒐𝒍: Given (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏

⇨ (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = (𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏)

⇨ (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = 𝑎 –(𝑖𝑏) -3𝑎 (𝑖𝑏) + 3𝑎(𝑖𝑏)

⇨ (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = 𝑎 –𝑏 (−𝑖)-𝑖3𝑎 𝑏 + 3𝑎(𝑏 (−1)

⇨ (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = 𝑎 +3𝑎𝑏 +i𝑏 -𝑖3𝑎 𝑏

⇨ (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦) = (𝑎 −3𝑎𝑏 )+i(𝑏 -3𝑎 𝑏)

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 & 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡,

𝑥 = (𝑎 −3𝑎𝑏 ), y=(𝑏 -3𝑎 𝑏)

⇨ 𝑥 = 𝑎(𝑎 −3𝑏 ), 𝑦 = −𝑏(𝑏 − 3𝑎 )

⇨ = (𝑎 −3𝑏 ), = −(𝑏 − 3𝑎 )

Now + = 𝑎 −3𝑏 -𝑏 + 3𝑎

⇨ + = 4𝑎 −4𝑏 ∴ + = 4(𝑎 −𝑏 )
 𝟏
(B). If 𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚 = 𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
then S. T𝟒𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏 = 𝟎.

Sol: 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = =( )

=
( )

𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = −

𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = − 𝑡𝑎𝑛

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 & 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡,

𝑥 = ⇨ 2𝑥 = 1 𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵

4𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 4𝑥 − 1 = 0.
 4. (A). If the point p denotes the complex number Z= 𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚 in the argand
𝒁 𝒊
if 𝒛 𝟏
is a purely imaginary no. find the locus of p.

Sol: Given Z= 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦

( ) [ ( )]×[( ) ]
⇨ = =( )
⇨ [( ) ]×[( ) ]

( ) ( )( ) ( )
⇨ ( ) ( )

( ) [ ]
⇨ ( )
⇨ ( )

∴ is a purely imaginary number⇨ real part=0

( )
= 0⇨ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0.

𝒁 𝟐 𝝅
(B). If the amplitude of 𝒛 𝟔𝒊
= 𝟐 , 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒖𝒔.

Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 Z = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦

( ) [( ) ]×[ ( )]
⇨ = = ( )
⇨[ ( )]×[ ( )]

( ) ( )( ) ( )
⇨ ( ) () ( )

( ) ( )
⇨ ( )

[ ]
⇨ ( )

Amplitude of = tan =

⇨ real part(a)=0, b>0

⇨ ( )
=0

∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑦 = 0 and

3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6 > 0
(C). Determine the locus of z, z≠ 𝟐𝒊, 𝒔𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕

𝒁 𝟒
𝒛 𝟐𝒊
= 𝟎.

𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 Z = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦

( )
⇨ = = ( )

[( ) ]×[ ( )]
⇨[ ( )]×[ ( )]

( ) ( )( ) ( )
⇨ ( ) () ( )

( ) ( )
⇨ ( )

[ ]
⇨ ( )

Real part of =0

⇨ real part(a)=0,

⇨ ( )
= 0 ∴ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 0
 𝟑 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
(D). Find the real value of 𝜽 𝒊𝒏 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝟏 𝟐𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒊𝒔 𝒂

(a) Purely imaginary number

(b) Real number.
Sol:
[ ][ ]
=[ ][ ]

⇨ ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )
⇨
( )
⇨ +𝑖

(a) Purely imaginary number ⇨real =0

⇨ = 0 ⇨ 3 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 0

√
⇨𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = ⇨ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 =

⇨ 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 ± , 𝑛 ∈ 𝑧

(b) Real number ⇨imaginary part =0

⇨ = 0 ⇨ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0 ⇨ 𝜃 = 0

⇨ 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋, 𝑛 ∈ 𝑧
 5. (A). The points, P, Q denote the complex numbers 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 in the argand
diagram. O is the origin. If 𝒛𝟏 𝒛𝟐 + 𝒛𝟏 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟎, then show that ⌊𝑷𝑶𝑸 = 𝟗𝟎°.
Sol:
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑝(𝑥 , 𝑦 )⇨𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ; ⇨𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦
𝑄(𝑥 , 𝑦 )⇨𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ; ⇨𝑧 = 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂(0, 0)
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑧 𝑧 + 𝑧 𝑧 = 0
⇨(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 )(𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 ) + (𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 )(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 ) = 0

⇨𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑥 𝑦 +𝑖𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑦 𝑖
+𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑥 𝑦 −𝑖𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑦 𝑖 = 0
⇨2𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑦 𝑦 = 0
⇨𝑦 𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑥 ⇨ =−

⇨ = −1

⇨(𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑃) 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑂𝑄 = −1

⇨⌊𝑃𝑂𝑄 = 90°.
(B). Show that the points in the argand diagram represented by the complex
numbers 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 , 𝒛𝟑 are collinear if and only if there exist three real numbers p, q, r
not all zero, satisfying p𝒛𝟏 +q𝒛𝟏 +r 𝒛𝟑 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅
𝒑+𝒒+𝒓=𝟎
Sol:𝑝 + 𝑞 + 𝑟 = 0…….(1)
p𝑧 +q𝑧 +r 𝑧 = 0 … … . . (2)
( )
⇨𝑧 = −
( )
⇨𝑧 = − ( )

( )
∴𝑧 = ( )

∴ 𝑧 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑧 , 𝑧

In the ratio r: q.
𝑧 , 𝑧 , 𝑧 are collinear
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
1) Determine the range of the expression .
𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟏

Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = ⇨𝑦(𝑥 − 𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1

⇨𝑦𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1

⇨𝑦𝑥 − 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0

⇨𝑥 (𝑦 − 1) − 𝑥(𝑦 + 1) + (𝑦 − 1) = 0
𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎

𝑎 = (𝑦 − 1), 𝑏 = −(𝑦 + 1) , 𝑐 = (𝑦 − 1)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨[−(𝑦 + 1)] − 4(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 1) ≥ 0

⇨(𝑦 + 1) − 4(𝑦 − 1) ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 + 1 + 2𝑦 − 4(𝑦 + 1 − 2𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 + 1 + 2𝑦 − 4𝑦 − 4 + 8𝑦 ≥ 0

⇨−3𝑦 + 10𝑦 − 3 ≥ 0 [÷ 𝑏𝑦 −]

⇨3𝑦 − 10𝑦 + 3 ≤ 0

⇨3𝑦 − 9𝑦 − 1𝑦 + 3 ≤ 0

⇨3𝑦(𝑦 − 3) − 1(𝑦 − 3) ≤ 0

⇨(3𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 3) ≤ 0

⇨𝑦∈ ,3

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝟐
2) If x is a real number, find the range of
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟔
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 =
⇨ 𝑦(2𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 6) = 𝑥 + 2

⇨ (2𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑦) = 𝑥 + 2

⇨ 2𝑥 𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 2 = 0

⇨ 𝑥 2𝑦 + 𝑥(3𝑦 − 1) + (6𝑦 − 2) = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (2𝑦), 𝑏 = (3𝑦 − 1) , 𝑐 = (6𝑦 − 2)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0
⇨[3𝑦 − 1] − 4(2𝑦)(6𝑦 − 2) ≥ 0

⇨9𝑦 + 1 − 6𝑦 − (48𝑦 − 16𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨9𝑦 + 1 − 6𝑦 − 48𝑦 + 16𝑦 ≥ 0

⇨−39𝑦 + 10𝑦 + 1 ≥ 0 [÷ 𝑏𝑦 −]

⇨39𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 1 ≤ 0

⇨39𝑦 − 13𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 1 ≤ 0

⇨13𝑦(3𝑦 − 1) + 1(3𝑦 − 1) ≤ 0

⇨(3𝑦 − 1)(13𝑦 + 1) ≤ 0

⇨𝑦∈ − ,

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝟏
3) S.T lies between − ,𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝟓𝒙 𝟗 𝟏𝟏
Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 =
⇨ 𝑦(𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 9) = 𝑥
⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 − 5𝑥𝑦 + 9𝑦 − 𝑥 = 0
⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥(5𝑦 + 1) + 9𝑦 = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (𝑦), 𝑏 = (5𝑦 + 1) , 𝑐 = (9𝑦)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨[5𝑦 + 1] − 4(𝑦)(9𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨25𝑦 + 1 + 10𝑦 − 36𝑦 ≥ 0

⇨−11𝑦 + 10𝑦 + 1 ≥ 0

[÷ 𝑏𝑦 −]

⇨11𝑦 − 10𝑦 − 1 ≤ 0

⇨11𝑦 − 11𝑦 + 1𝑦 − 1 ≤ 0

⇨11𝑦(𝑦 − 1) + 1(𝑦 − 1) ≤ 0

⇨(𝑦 − 1)(11𝑦 + 1) ≤ 0

𝟏
⇨𝒚∈ − ,𝟏
𝟏𝟏

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4) If x is a real number, find the value of

𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝟒𝒙 𝟕𝟏
expression . Do not lie between 5 and 9.
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟕

Sol:𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 =
⇨ 𝑦(𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 7) = 𝑥 + 34𝑥 − 71

⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 7𝑦 − 𝑥 − 34𝑥 + 71 = 0

⇨ 𝑥 (𝑦 − 1) + 2𝑥(𝑦 − 17) + (71 − 7𝑦) = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (𝑦 − 1), 𝑏 = 2(𝑦 − 17) , 𝑐 = (71 − 7𝑦)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨4[𝑦 − 17] − 4(𝑦 − 1)(71 − 7𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 + 289 − 34𝑦 − (71𝑦 − 7𝑦 − 71 + 7𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨8𝑦 − 112𝑦 + 360 ≥ 0

[÷ 𝑏𝑦8]

⇨𝑦 − 14𝑦 + 45 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 − 9𝑦 − 5𝑦 + 45 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦(𝑦 − 9) − 5(𝑦 − 9) ≥ 0

⇨(𝑦 − 9)(𝑦 − 5) ≥ 0

⇨ 𝑦 ∈ (−∞,5] ∪ [9,∞)

Hence the expression do not lie between

5 and 9.

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5) If x is a real number, find the maximum value of

𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟒𝒙 𝟗
expression .
𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟑

Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 =
⇨ 𝑦(𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3) = 𝑥 + 14𝑥 + 9

⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 − 𝑥 − 14𝑥 − 9 = 0

⇨𝑥 (𝑦 − 1) + 2𝑥(𝑦 − 7) + (3𝑦 − 9) = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (𝑦 − 1), 𝑏 = 2(𝑦 − 7) , 𝑐 = (3𝑦 − 9) Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙

⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨4[𝑦 − 7] − 4(𝑦 − 1)(3𝑦 − 9) ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 + 49 − 14𝑦 − (3𝑦 − 9𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 9) ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 + 49 − 14𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 12𝑦 − 9 ≥ 0

⇨−2𝑦 − 𝑦 + 40 ≥ 0 [÷ 𝑏𝑦 − 2]

⇨𝑦 + 𝑦 − 20 ≤ 0

⇨𝑦 + 5𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 20 ≤ 0

⇨𝑦(𝑦 + 5) − 4(𝑦 + 5) ≤ 0

⇨(𝑦 + 5)(𝑦 − 4) ≤ 0

⇨ 𝑦 ∈ [−5, 4] Max value is 4

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
6) Prove that + − (𝟑𝒙 does not lie between 1
𝟑𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟏)
and 4 if x is real.

Sol: + −( )(
= ( )(
=( )(
) ) )

𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = ( )( )

⇨𝑦 =

⇨ 3𝑥 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1

⇨3𝑥 𝑦 + 4𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 + 𝑦 − 1 = 0

⇨𝑥 (3𝑦) + 2𝑥(2𝑦 − 2) + (𝑦 − 1) = 0

𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (3𝑦), 𝑏 = 2(2𝑦 − 2) , 𝑐 = (𝑦 − 1)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨4[2𝑦 − 2] − 4(3𝑦)(𝑦 − 1) ≥ 0

⇨4𝑦 + 4 − 8𝑦 − (3𝑦 − 3𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨4𝑦 + 4 − 8𝑦 − 3𝑦 + 3𝑦 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 − 5𝑦 + 4 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 − 𝑦 − 4𝑦 + 4 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦(𝑦 − 1) − 4(𝑦 − 1) ≥ 0

⇨(𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 4) ≥ 0

⇨ 𝑦 ∈ (−∞,1] ∪ [4,∞)
Hence the expression do not lie between 1 and 4.

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝒑
7) If the expression takes all real values for x ∈
𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟐
𝑹, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒑.
Sol: 𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑦 =
⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑝
⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑝 = 0
⇨ 𝑥 𝑦 − 𝑥(3𝑦 + 1) + (2𝑦 + 𝑝) = 0
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (𝑦), 𝑏 = −(3𝑦 + 1) , 𝑐 = (2𝑦 + 𝑝)

Given 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 ⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0

⇨[3𝑦 + 1] − 4(𝑦)(2𝑦 + 𝑃) ≥ 0

⇨9𝑦 + 1 + 6𝑦 − (8𝑦 + 4𝑝𝑦) ≥ 0

⇨9𝑦 + 1 + 6𝑦 − 8𝑦 − 4𝑝𝑦 ≥ 0

⇨𝑦 − 2𝑦(2𝑝 − 3) + 1 ≥ 0 Here coefficient of 𝑦 >0

So, the roots of above eq’’n are imaginary or real equal
⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≤ 0 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0

𝑎 = (1), 𝑏 = −2(2𝑝 − 3) , 𝑐 = (1)

∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≤ 0

⇨4(2𝑝 − 3) − 4(1)(1) ≤ 0

⇨4(4𝑝 + 9 − 12𝑝) − 4 ≤ 0 {÷ 𝑏𝑦 4}

⇨4𝑝 + 9 − 12𝑝 − 1 ≤ 0

⇨4𝑝 − 12𝑝 + 8 ≤ 0 {÷ 𝑏𝑦 4}

⇨𝑝 − 3𝑝 + 2 ≤ 0

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

⇨𝑝 − 2𝑝 − 1𝑝 + 2 ≤ 0

⇨𝑝(𝑝 − 2) − 1(𝑝 − 2) ≤ 0

⇨(𝑝 − 2)(𝑝 − 1) ≤ 0

⇨ 𝑝 ∈ [1, 2]

But is not define for p=1, 2

𝑝 ∈ (1, 2)

8) Find set of values of x for which the equalities q 𝒙𝟐 −

𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 < 0, 𝟏𝟎𝒙 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔 > 0 hold simultaneously.
Sol: consider 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 10 < 0

⇨𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 10 < 0

⇨𝑥(𝑥 − 5) + 2(𝑥 − 5) < 0

⇨(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2) < 0

⇨ 𝑥 ∈ (−2, 5)

Now 10𝑥 − 𝑥 − 16 > 0

⇨𝑥 − 10𝑥 + 16 < 0

⇨𝑥 − 8𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 16 < 0

⇨𝑥(𝑥 − 8) − 2(𝑥 − 8) < 0

⇨(𝑥 − 8)(𝑥 − 2) < 0

⇨ 𝑥 ∈ (2, 8)
Required solution set is (−𝟐, 𝟓) ∩ (𝟐, 𝟖) = (𝟐, 𝟓)

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9) Solve 𝟒𝒙 𝟏 − 𝟑. 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 + 𝟐 = 𝟎
Sol: 4 − 3. 2 +2=0

𝑙𝑒𝑡 2 =𝑎

⇨4 = (2 ) = (2 ) =𝑎

4 − 3. 2 +2=0

⇨𝑎 − 3𝑎 + 2 = 0

⇨𝑎 − 2𝑎 − 1𝑎 + 2 = 0

⇨𝑎(𝑎 − 2) − 1(𝑎 − 2) = 0

⇨(𝑎 − 2)(𝑎 − 1) = 0

⇨(𝑎 − 2) = 0, (𝑎 − 1) = 0

⇨𝑎 = 2, 𝑎 = 1

Case (i) Case (ii)

𝑎=2 𝑎=1
⇨2 =2 ⇨2 =2
⇨𝑥 − 1 = 1 ⇨𝑥 − 1 = 0
∴x=2 ∴x=1

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10) Solve 𝟐𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎

Sol: 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 11𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2 = 0
[÷ 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 ]
⇨ + − + + =0

⇨ 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 11 + + =0
⇨ 2(𝑥 + ) + (𝑥 + ) − 11 = 0

𝟏
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝒙 + =𝒂 𝑆. 𝑂. 𝐵 ⇨𝑥 + +2=𝑎
𝒙
𝟏
⇨ 𝒙𝟐 + = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒙𝟐

⇨ 2(𝑎 − 2) + (𝑎) − 11 = 0

⇨ 2𝑎 + 𝑎 − 4 − 11 = 0

⇨ 2𝑎 + 𝑎 − 15 = 0
⇨ 2𝑎 + 6𝑎 − 5𝑎 − 15 = 0

⇨ 2𝑎(𝑎 + 3) − 5(𝑎 + 3) = 0
⇨ (𝑎 + 3)(2𝑎 − 5) = 0 ⇨ 𝑎 + 3 = 0, (2𝑎 − 5) = 0

𝑥+ +3=0 2 𝑥+ −5=0
⇨𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 ⇨2𝑥 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏 ± √𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 𝑥=
2𝑎 2𝑎
−3 ± √9 − 4.1.1 5 ± √25 − 4.2.2
𝑥= 𝑥=
2.1 2.1
−3 ± √5 5 ± √9 5 ± 3
𝑥= 𝑥= =
2 4 4
1
𝑥 = 2,
2

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

11) If 𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 are the roots of the quadratic equation

𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ≠ 𝟎,
Find the value of (𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃) 𝟐 + (𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃) 𝟐 in terms of a, b, c.
SOL:
Given that 𝑥 , 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Sum of the roots 𝑥 + 𝑥 =− , product of the roots=

𝑥 is a root of 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 ⇨ 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

⇨ 𝑥 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = −𝑐 ⇨ (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = −

∴ (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) = − = − =

𝟐
𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 (𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃) =

(𝒂𝒙𝟏 + 𝒃) 𝟐 𝟐
+ (𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃) = +

𝟐 𝒄
𝒙𝟏 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 (𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 )𝟐 𝟐𝒙𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝟐𝒂𝒄
𝒂
= = = =
𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒂 𝟐 𝒄𝟐

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

12) Suppose that the quadratic equation 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and 𝒃𝒙𝟐 +

𝒄𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝟎 have a common root then
S. T 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝒄.
Sol:
Given equations are 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and 𝒃𝒙𝟐 + 𝒄𝒙 + 𝒂 = 𝟎
𝑎 = 𝑎 , 𝑏 = 𝑏 , 𝑐 = 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 = 𝑏 , 𝑏 = 𝑐 , 𝑐 = 𝑎
Condition for common roots
[𝑐 𝑎 − 𝑐 𝑎 ] = (𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 )(𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 )

⇨ (𝑐𝑏 − 𝑎 ) = (𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 )(𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐 )

⇨ 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 − 2𝑎 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑎 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑐
⇨ 𝑎 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏 𝑎 = 3𝑎 𝑏𝑐 [÷ 𝑏𝑦 𝑎]
∴ 𝒂𝟑 + 𝒃𝟑 + 𝒄𝟑 = 𝟑𝒂𝒃𝒄.

13) If the roots of 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐲,show that all x ∈

𝑹, 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 and a have the same sign.

Sol: Given that the roots of 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are imaginary,

⇨ ∆≡ 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0

⇨ 4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 > 0…..(1)

Consider

=𝑥 + 𝑥 +

=𝑥 + 𝑥 + − +

=(𝑥 + ) + −

=(𝑥 + ) + from (1)

≥ >

>0

∴ All x ∈ 𝑹, 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 and a have the same sign.

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

14) Let 𝜶, 𝜷 𝒃𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 where 𝜶 < 𝛽,

then prove that
i. for𝜶 < 𝑥 < 𝛽, 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒔.
ii. for 𝜶 < 𝑥 or 𝒙 > 𝛽 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏.
Sol: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑏𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 where 𝛼 < 𝛽
⇨𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝑥 − 𝛽)

⇨ = (𝑥 − 𝛼)(𝑥 − 𝛽) … . (1)

i. suppose x ∈ 𝑅, 𝛼 < 𝑥 < 𝛽,

(𝒙 − 𝜶) > 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 (𝒙 − 𝜷) < 𝟎
∴ 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎(𝟏), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 <0
𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝒂 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑠

ii. 𝑥 < 𝛼 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑠 𝛼 < 𝛽, we have , 𝑥 < 𝛼 < 𝛽

⇨(𝑥 − 𝛼) < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑥 − 𝛽) < 0

∴ 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 (𝟏), 𝒘𝒆 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 >0

𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 𝛽 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝛽 > 𝛼, ⇨(x-𝛽)>0 and (𝑥 − 𝛼 > 0

∴ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1), 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 >0

𝒕𝒉𝒖𝒔 𝑥 < 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 𝛽, 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 𝒉𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏.

Q . No: 12 Quadratic expressions

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Permutations(arrangement) Combinations(selections)
It is a term used to understand the concept of The term combination means selection of things;
the arrangement of things. The word it is used when the order of things is not
arrangement is referred if the order of things is important.
considered.
Permutation of n different objects the number of A combination is a selection of some or all of a
permutations of n objects taken all at a time, number of different objects where the order of
denoted by the symbol 𝑛 = 𝑛!, is given by selection is immaterial. The number of
selections of r objects from the given n objects
𝑛! = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) ….
is denoted by nCr
𝑛! 𝑛! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7
𝑛 10𝑃4 = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 𝑛 10𝐶4 =
(𝑛 − 𝑟)! (𝑛 − 𝑟)! 𝑟! 4×3×2×1
0! = 𝟏 𝑛 =1=𝑛
1! = 𝟏
𝟐! = 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐 𝑛 =𝑛=𝑛
3! = 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟔
4! = 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑛 =𝑛
5! = 𝟓 × 𝟒 × 𝟑 × 𝟐 × 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎
𝑛 +𝑛 (𝑛 + 1) ( )

𝒓! = = or =

The number of permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things If a polygon has n sides, then the number of diagonals
taken all at a time 𝑛 = 𝑛! is
𝒏(𝒏 𝟑)
𝟐

The number of circular permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar

things taken all at a time = (𝑛 − 1)!
The number of circular permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar
flowers = (𝑛 − 1)!

The principle of addition states if a one task can be one done in 𝑚m ways and another task
which is MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE of the first task can be done in 𝑛n ways, and then the
number of possible ways in which either can be done is 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠.

The principle of multiplication states that if one task can be done in m ways and another
task which is INDEPENDENT of the first task can be done in n ways, after the first task has
been performed, then the number of possible ways in which both the tasks can be done
is m×n.

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1. Find the rank of the word (i) “MASTER.”

Sol: Given word is MASTER
The alphabetical order of the letter of the word MASTER is
A, E, M, R, S, T

The number of words starting with

A _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

E _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

𝐌 𝐀 E _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐌 𝐀 R _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐌 𝐀 𝐒 E _ _ = 2! = 2

𝐌 𝐀 𝐒 R _ _ = 2! = 2

𝐌 𝐀 𝐒 𝐓 𝐄 𝐑 =0! =1

∴ Rank of the word MASTER is = 120 + 120 + 6 + 6 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 257

Find the rank of the word

(ii) “REMAST.”
Sol: Given word is REMAST
The alphabetical order of the letter of the word REMAST is

A, E, M, R, S, T

The number of words starting with

A _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

E _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

M _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

𝐑 A _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24

𝐑 𝐄 A _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐑 𝐄 𝐌 𝐀 𝐒 𝐓 =0! =1

∴ Rank of the word REMAST is

= 120 + 120 + 120 + 24 + 6 + 1 = 391

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

(iii)Find the rank of the word “PRISON.”

Sol: Given word is PRISON

The alphabetical order of the letter of the word PRISON is I, N, O, P, R, S

The number of words starting with

I _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

N _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

O _ _ _ _ _ = 5! = 120

𝐏 I _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24

𝐏 N _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24

𝐏 O _ _ _ _ = 4! = 24

𝐏 𝐑 𝐈 N _ _ = 2! = 2

𝐏 𝐑 𝐈 O _ _ = 2! = 2

𝐏 𝐑 𝐈 𝐒 N _ = 1! = 1

𝐏 𝐑 𝐈 𝐒 𝐎 𝐍 = 0! = 1

∴ Rank of the word PRISON is

= 120 + 120 + 120 + 24 + 24 + 24 + 24 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 438

(iv)Find the rank of the word “EAMCET.”

Sol: Given word is EAMCET
The alphabetical order of the letter of the word EAMCET is A, C, E, E, M, T

The number of words starting with

!
A _ _ _ _ _ = !
= 60

!
C _ _ _ _ _ = !
= 60

𝐄 𝐀 C _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐄 𝐀 E _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐄 𝐀 𝐌 𝐂 𝐄 𝐓 = 3! =1

∴ Rank of the word EAMCET is

= 60 + 60 + 6 + 6 + 1 = 133

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

(v)Find the rank of the word “JANATA.”

Sol: Given word is JANATA.”

The alphabetical order of the letter of the word JANATA.” is
A, A, A, J, N, T

The number of words starting with

!
A _ _ _ _ _ = !
= 60

𝐉 𝐀 A _ _ _ = 3! = 6

𝐉 𝐀 𝐍 𝐀 A _ =1! = 1

𝐉 𝐀 𝐍 𝐀 𝐓 𝐀 =1! = 1

∴ Rank of the word JANATA is

= 60 + 6 + 1 + 1 = 68

(vi)Find the rank of the word “AJANTA.”

Sol: Given word is AJANTA.”

The alphabetical order of the letter of the word AJANTA.” is
A, A, A, J, N, T

The number of words starting with

𝐀 A _ _ _ _ = 4! =24

𝐀 𝐉 𝐀 A _ _ = 2! = 2

𝐀 𝐉 𝐀 𝐍 A _ = 1! = 1

𝐀 𝐉 𝐀 𝐍 𝐓 𝐀 =1! = 1

∴ Rank of the word AJANTA is = 24 + 1 + 1 = 28

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

2. Find the sum of all 4 digited numbers that can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
without repetition.
Sol: Given numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 (n=5)
And r = 4
The sum of the r-digited numbers that can be formed using given n digits is
(n − 1) ( ) [(summ of all ndigits)(11 … 1( r)]

= (5 − 1) ( )
[(1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 6)(1111)]

= 4 [(18)(1111)] = (4 × 3 × 2)(18). [1111]

= 24[18] (1111) = (432) (1111) =4, 79, 952

3. Find the sum of all 4 digited numbers that can be formed using the digits 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
without repetition.
Sol: Given numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (n=5)
And r = 4
The sum of the r-digited numbers that can be formed using given n digits is
(n − 1) ( ) [(summ of all ndigits)(11 … 1( r)]

= (5 − 1) ( )
[(1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9)(1111)]

=4 )
[(25)(1111)] = (4 × 3 × 2)[25] (1111)

= 24. [25] (1111) =600(1111) =6, 66, 600

4. Find the sum of all 4 digited numbers that can be formed using the digits 0, 2, 4, 7, 8
without repetition.
Sol: Given numbers 0, 2, 4, 7, 8 (n=5)
And r = 4
The sum of the r-digited numbers that can be formed using given n digits is
(n − 1) ( ) [(summ of all ndigits)(11 … 1( r)]
−(n − 2) ( )
[(summ of all ndigits)(11 … 1( r − 1)]

= (5 − 1) ( )
[(0 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 8)(1111)]

−(5 − 2) ( )
[(0 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 8)(1111)] = 4 [(21)(1111)] -3 [(21)(111)]

= (4 × 3 × 2)(21)[1111] - (3 × 2)(21)[111]

= (24)(21)[1111] - (6)(21)[111]

= (504)[1111] - (126)[111]

=559944-13986 =5, 45, 958.

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. Find the number of numbers that are greater than 4000 which can be formed using the
digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 without repetition.
Sol:
Given digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Case (i)
The number of 4-digit numbers which are greater than 4000. Create 4 blanks
4 or
6 or 8

a 4-digit number is greater than 4000 only if it’s first blanks can be filled with either 4 or
6 or 8, it can be done in 3 ways.
Now the remaining 3 blanks can be arranging with leftover 4 digits in 4 .
Total number of arrangements =3. 4 . =3× 4 × 3 × 2 = 72
Case (ii) every 5-digit number is greater than 4000.
Create 5 blanks

A 5-digit number is greater than 4000 if its first blank can be filled with either 2 or 4 or 6
or 8 it can be done in 4 ways.
Now the remaining 4 blanks can be arranging with leftover 4 digits in 4 .
Total number of arrangements
=4. 4 . =4× 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 96.
∴ Total number of numbers which greater than 4000 is 72 + 96 =168.

6. Find the number of 4 letter words that can be formed using the letters of the word
‘MIXTURE’ which i) contains x ii) do not contain the letter X.
Sol: we have to fill 4 blanks using 7 letters of the word ‘MIXTURE’. Take 4 blanks _
_ _ _

 First, we put X in one of the 4 blanks. This can be done in 4 ways

Now we can fill the remaining 3 places with the remaining 6 letters in 6 ways. Thus, the
number of 4 letter words containing the letter X =4. 6
= 4.6 × 5 × 4 = 480.

 Leaving the letter X, we have to fill 4 blanks with the remaining 6 letters in 6 ways
Thus, the number of 4 letter words do not containing the letter X
=6 = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 360

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. Find the number of ways of arranging 6 boys and 6 girls in a row so that (i) all the girls sit
together. (ii) No two girls sit together. (iii) Boys and girls sit alternately.
Sol: given
No. of boys = 6
No. of girls = 6
(i)All the girls sit together.
Treat 6 girls as 1 unit then we have 6units of boys + I unit of girls these 7 units can be
arrange in 7! ways
Now the 6 girls can be arranging among themselves in 6! ways
∴ Total no of arrangements = 7! 6!

(ii)No two girls sit together.

First, we can arrange 6 boys in a row in 6! ways
There are 7 gaps (including the beginning gap and the ending gap) they can be arranging
with 6 girls in 7 ways
∴ Total no of arrangements = 6! 7 .

(iii) Boys and girls sit alternately.

First, we can arrange with either a boy or a girl it can be done in 2 ways.
Start with a boy: 6 boys can be arranging in 6! ways, after boys there are 6 gaps they can be
arrange with 6 girls in 6! ways .
Total no of arrangements = 2. 6! 6!

8. Find the number of ways of permuting the letters of the word ‘PICTURE’ so that (i) all
vowels come together. (ii) No two vowels come together.
Sol:
The word picture has 3 vowels {E, I, U}
and 4 consonants {P, C, R, T}
(i) all vowels come together.
Treat 3 vowels as one unit, and then we can arrange 4 consonants + 1unit of vowels in 5!
Ways.
Now, 3 vowels among themselves can be arranged in3! Ways
Total number of arrangements
5! 3! =720.3
(ii) No two vowels come together.
First, we can arrange the 4 consonants in 4! Ways then in b/w the vowels, in the
beginning and in the ending, there are 5 gaps
These 5 gaps can be filled with 3 vowels in 5 ways
Total number of arrangements
= 4!× 5
=24× 5 × 4 × 3 = 1440ways.
Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9. Find the number of ways of arranging 5 different mathematics books, 4 different physics
books and 3 different chemistry books such that the books of the same subject are
together.
Sol: number of mathematic books=5
Number of physics books=4
Number of chemistry books=3
Given condition: Books of same subject are together.
Treat 5 mathematics books as 1st unit,
4 physics books as 2nd unit,
3 chemistry books as 3rd unit
Now these 3 units can be arranged in a row in 3!ways.
And 5 mathematics books can be arranged among them self in 5!,
4 physics books can be arranged among them self in 4!
and 3 chemistry books can be arranged among them self in 3!
Required total number of arrangements=3! 5! 4! 3!=1, 03,680.

10. Find the number of ways of arranging 7 gents and 4 ladies around a circular table if no two
ladies wish to sit together.
Sol:
Given 7 gents & 4 ladies

First, we arrange
7 gents around the
Circular table in (7-1)! Ways
In b/w 7 gents there are 7 gaps are there, now we can arrange 4 ladies in these 7 gaps in
7 ways
Total number of arrangements is 6! 7 .

11. Find the number of different ways of preparing a garland using 7 distinct red roses and 4
distinct yellow roses such that no two yellow roses come together.
Sol:
Given red roses =7
Yellow roses=4
Condition:
No two yellow roses come together

First, we can arrange 7 roses in a garland in

( )! ! ( )!
= ways
In b/w we have 7 gaps they can be arrange with 4 roses in 7 ways.
!
Total number of arrangements is ×7 .

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

12. Find the number of ways of arranging the letters of the word SINGING so that (i)
they begin and end with I. (ii) the two G’s come together.
Sol: given word ‘SINGING’

I I

S----1
I----2
N---2
G---2
Total=7
First, we can arrange first & last places with I’s in 1 way as shown above
Now, we can arrange remaining 5 places with the remaining 5 letters S, N, G, N, G in
which 2 G’s and 2 N’s in
! × × × ×
= ! !
= ×
= 30 ways.

(ii) The two G’s come together.

Treat the 2 G’s as one unit.

Then we have 6 letters in which there are 2 I’s and 2 N’s, they can be arrange in
! × × × × ×
= ! !
= ×
= 180 ways

13. Prove that

𝐧𝐏 𝐫 = 𝐫. (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐏 (𝐫 𝟏) + (𝐧 − 𝟏)𝐏 𝐫 .
Sol:
R.H.S
⇨(n − 1) + r. (n − 1) ( )
( )! ( )!
⇨[ ]!
+ r. [ ]!

⇨(n − 1)! [ ]!
+[ ]!

( )
⇨(n − 1)! ( )[ ]!
+[ ]!

( )
⇨(n − 1)! ( )!
+[ ]!

( )
⇨(n − 1)! ( )!

( )( )! ( )!
⇨ ( )!
⇨ ( )!
= n .L.H.S

∴n = r. (n − 1) ( ) + (n − 1) .

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

COMBINATIONS
𝟒𝐧𝐜 𝟐𝐧 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓………(𝟒𝐧 𝟏)
1. Show that 𝟐𝐧𝐜 𝐧
= {𝟏.𝟑.𝟓……..(𝟐𝐧 𝟏)}𝟐

( )! ( )!
( )! ! ! ! ( )! !
Sol: = ( )! = ( )! = { !}
× !
( )! ! ! !

[( )( )( )……. . . . . ] !
={( )( )( )..…. . . . . }
× !

[( )( )……. . .][( )…. . . ] !

= {[( )( )..….. . ][( )…. . . ]}
× v
!

Taking 2 common from Nr and Dr

[( )( )……. . . .][( )…. . . ] !

={ [( )( )..….. . . ][( )…. . . ]}
× !

[( )( )……. . .][( )…. . . ] !

= {[( )( )..….. . . ][( )…. . . ]}
× !

[ !][( )…. . . ] !
={[ !][( )…. . . ]}
× !

[ !][( )…. . . ] ! . . ………( )

= ! [( )…. . . ]
× ! ={ . . ……..( )}
.

2. Prove that (𝐧 + 𝟏)𝐂 𝐫 = 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 + 𝐧𝐂 𝐫 𝟏

.

Sol: R.H.S ⇨ n +n .
( )! ( )!
= ( )! !
+ ( )!( )!

= (n)! ( )! !
+ ( )!( )!

= (n)! ( )( )! !
+ ( )! ( )!

= (n)! ( )! !
+ ( )! !

( ) !
= (n)! ( )! !
= ( )! !

( )!
= ( )! !
=(n + 1) R.H.S

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

3. Simplify
𝟑𝟒𝐂 𝟓 + ∑𝟒𝐫 𝟎(𝟑𝟖 − 𝐫)𝐂 𝟒
Sol:
= 34 +∑ (38 − r)

n +n = (n + 1) ( )
= (34 + 34 ) +35 +36 + 37 + 38

=(35 + 35 ) +36 +37 + 38

=(36 + 36 ) +37 + 38

= (37 + 37 ) + 38

= (38 + 38 ) = 39

∴ 34 +∑ (38 − r) =39

{h/w Simplify 𝟐𝟓𝐂 𝟒 + ∑𝟒𝐫 𝟎(𝟐𝟗 − 𝐫)𝐂 𝟑 }

4. Prove that 3 ≤ 𝐫 ≤ 𝐧,
𝐧 − 𝟑𝐂 𝐫 + 𝟑(𝐧 − 𝟑)𝐂 𝐫 𝟏
+ 𝟑(𝐧 − 𝟑)𝐂 𝐫 𝟐
+ (𝐧 − 𝟑)𝐂 𝐫 𝟑
= 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 .
Sol:
= (n − 3) + 3(n − 3) + 3(n − 3) + (n − 3)

= (n − 3) + 1(n − 3)
+2{(n − 3) + (n − 3) }
+(n − 3) + (n − 3)

=(n − 3 + 1) + 2(n − 3 + 1) + (n − 3 + 1)

= (n − 2) + (n − 2) + {(n − 2) + (n − 2) }

=(n − 2 + 1) + (n − 2 + 1)

=(n − 1) + (n − 1) =(n − 1 + 1) =n

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

5. Find the number of subsets of A having

(i)at least 3 elements. (ii) at most 3 elements, if a set has 12 elements.
Sol:
Number of elements in A =12
(i) Number of subsets of A having at least 3 elements =12 +12 + 12 … … . +12

= 12 + 12 + 12 + 12 + ⋯ . . +12
− 12 + 12 + 12

∴ n +n +n +n + ⋯ . . +n =2
= 2 − [1 + 12 + 66]
= 4096 − 79=4017.

(ii) Number of subsets of A having at most 3 elements

=12 + 12 + 12 + 12

=1+12+66+220 = 299.

6. Find the number of ways of selecting 11 member cricket team from 7 batsmen, 6 bowlers
such that there will be at least 5 bowlers in the team.
Sol: given condition; team contains at least 5 bowlers [5or 6]
Batsmen (7) Bowlers (6)

7 6

7 6

=7 ×6 +7 ×6

=7 ×6 +7 ×1

×
=7× 6 + ×
× 1 = 42 + 21 = 63

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. A question paper is divided into 3 sections A, B, C containing 3, 4, 5 questions respectively.

Find the number of ways of attempting 6 questions choosing at least one from each section.
Sol: Total number of questions from 3 sections (3+4+5) =12
Number of ways of attempting 6 questions from 12 is
12 ways (total)

The number of ways of selecting 6 questions from sections B and C only is 9 ways

The number of ways of selecting 6 questions from sections A and C only is 8 ways

The number of ways of selecting 6 questions from sections A and B only is 7 ways

Number of ways of selecting 6 questions choosing at least one from each section= total –
(Non)
=12 − 9 − 8 − 7 .
8. Find the number of ways of selecting 11-member cricket team from 7 batsmen, 6 bowlers
and 2 wicket keepers so that the team contains 2 wicket keepers and at least 4 bowlers.
Sol: given condition; team contains 2kt and at least 4 bowlers [4 or 5or 6]
Batsmen (7) Bowlers (6) Wicket
keepers

7 6 2

7 6 2

7 6 2

=7 ×6 ×2 +7 ×6 ×2 +7 ×6 ×2

=7 ×6 ×1+7 ×6 × 1 +7 ×1×1

× × × × × ×
= ×
× ×
×1+ × ×
×6×1+ × ×
×1×1

=7× 3 × 15 + 7 × 6 × 5 + 35

=315+210+35

=560

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

9. Find the number of ways of forming a committee of 5 members out of 6 Indians and 5
Americans so that always Indians will be in majority in committee.
Sol: given condition; committee contains 5 members [I>A]
Indians (6) Americans (5)

6 5

6 5

6 5

=6 ×5 + 6 ×5 + 6 ×5

=6 ×1 + 6 ×5 + 6 ×5

× × × ×
=6 × 1 + ×
×5 + × ×
× ×

=6 +75+200

=281

The required no of ways of selecting a committee of 5 members is 281.

10. If 5 vowels and 6 consonants are given, then how many 6 letter words can be formed with 3
vowels and 3 consonants?
Sol:
Given vowels=5
Consonants=6
Number of ways of selecting 3 vowels=5
Number of ways of selecting 3 consonants=6
Total number of selections=5 × 6
Now 6 letters can be arranging in 6! 𝑤𝑎𝑦𝑠
Number of arrangements of 5 letter words with
3 vowels and 3 consonants=5 × 6 × 6!
11. 14 persons are seated at a round table. Find the no. of ways of selecting two persons out
of them who are not seated adjacent to each other. .( 14 − 14 = 91 − 14 = 77ways)

12. A double-decker minibus has 8 seats in the lower deck and 10ts in the upper deck. Find
the number of ways of arranging 18 persons in the bus if 3 children to go the upper deck
and 4 old people can’t go to the upper deck. ( 11 × 10! × 8!)

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝐧!
13. 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 = (𝐧 𝐫)!𝐫!
.
𝐬𝐨𝐥:
Proof: consider one of the 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 combinations. This combination consists of r dissimilar things.
If we permute the r things we get r! Permutations. Thus, each combination gives rise to r!
Permutations and hence 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 combinations give rise to n r! permutations. But the number
of permutations of n dissimilar things taken r at a time is𝐧𝐏 𝐫 .

𝐧𝐏 𝐫 𝐧!
∴ 𝐧𝐜 𝐫 𝐫! = 𝐧𝐏 𝐫 ⇨ 𝐫!
= 𝐫!(𝐧 .
𝐫)!

14. If 𝐧𝐂 𝐫 = 𝐧𝐂 𝐬 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐫 = 𝐬 𝐨𝐫

𝐧 = 𝐫 + 𝐬.
𝐒𝐨𝐥:
given n = n
Suppose that r > s

⇨n − r < n − s

𝐧! 𝐧!
Now n =n ⇨ 𝐫!(𝐧 = 𝐬!(𝐧
𝐫)! 𝐬)!

⇨s! (s + 1)(s + 2) … r(n − r)!

= s! (n − r)! (n − r + 1)(n − r + 2) … . . (n − s)

⇨(s + 1)(s + 2) … r = (n − r + 1)(n − r + 2) … . . (n − s)

Since each side of the above relation is a product r − s consecutive positive integer, we get
r=n−s
⇨n = r + s
similarly if r < s, Then also we can prove thatn = r + s.
∴If 𝐧𝐂 𝐫 = 𝐧𝐂 𝐬 , 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐫 = 𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐧 = 𝐫 + 𝐬.

Q.No: 13 & 14 P&C

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟑𝒙 𝟕
1. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟐

𝟑𝒙 𝟕 𝟑𝒙 𝟕
𝑺𝒐𝒍: = (𝒙
𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟐 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)

𝟑𝒙 𝟕 𝑨 𝑩
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
= +
𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐

𝟑𝒙 𝟕 𝑨(𝒙 𝟐) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟏)
⇨(𝒙 = (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)

𝟑𝒙 + 𝟕 = 𝑨(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝑩(𝒙 − 𝟏) … . (𝟏)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐
⇨ 3 + 7 = 𝐴(1 − 2) ⇨ 6 + 7 = 𝐵(2 − 1)
10= -A ⇨𝐴 = −10 13 = 𝐵

𝟑𝒙 𝟕 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟑
(𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
= +
𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝟒
2. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)(𝒙 𝟏)
𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝒙 𝟒 𝒙 𝟒
= (𝒙
(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)(𝒙 𝟏) 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)

𝒙 𝟒 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒍𝒆𝒕 = + +
(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)(𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏

𝒙 𝟒
(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)(𝒙 𝟏)

𝑨(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏) 𝑪(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟐)

= (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)

𝑥 + 4 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)

+𝐶(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) … (1)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟐 in (1), we get

⇨ −2 + 4 = 𝐴(−2 − 2)(−2 + 1)
⇨ 2 = 𝐴(−4)(−1) ⇨ 4𝐴 = 2 ⇨ 𝐴 =

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐 in (1), we get

⇨ 2 + 4 = 𝐵(2 + 2)(2 + 1)
⇨ 6 = 𝐴(4)(3) ⇨ 12𝐴 = 6 ⇨ 𝐴 =

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟏 in (1), we get

⇨ −1 + 4 = 𝐶(1 − 2)(1 + 2)
⇨ 3 = 𝐶(−1)(3) ⇨ −3𝐶 = 3 ⇨ 𝐶 = −1
𝟏 𝟏
𝒙 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
= + −
(𝒙𝟐 𝟒)(𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟐𝒙 𝟑
3. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝟓(𝒙 𝟐)(𝟐𝒙 𝟏)

𝑺𝒐𝒍:

𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝑨 𝑩
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝟐𝒙 𝟏)
= +
𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏

𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝑨(𝟐𝒙 𝟏) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟐)
⇨(𝒙 = (𝒙 𝟐)(𝟐𝒙 𝟏)
𝟐)(𝟐𝒙 𝟏)

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝑨(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝑩(𝒙 + 𝟐) … . (𝟏)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝟏
𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −
𝟐
⇨ −4 + 3 = 𝐴(−4 + 1)
⇨ −1 + 3 = 𝐵(− + 2)
-1= -3A ⇨𝐴 =
2 = 𝐵(3/2)
B=4/3

𝟏 𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
= + = +
𝟓(𝒙 𝟐)(𝟐𝒙 𝟏) 𝟓 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟓
4. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝟐𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟓 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝒍𝒆𝒕 = + +
(𝟐𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝒙 𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑)𝟐

𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟓
⇨(𝟐𝒙
𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐
( ) ( )( ) ( )
= (𝟐𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐

⇨ 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟑𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 3)
+𝐵(𝑥 + 3)(2𝑥 + 3)+C(2x+3) ….(1)

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = −3 𝑖𝑛 (1), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

(−3) + 13(−3) + 15 = 𝐶(2(−3) + 3)
⇨9-39+15=C(-3)
⇨-3C=-15
∴C=5

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = − 𝑖𝑛 (1), 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

− + 13 − + 15 = 𝐴 − + 3
⇨ − +15=A ( )
⇨ =
⇨− = ∴A=-1

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 1
⇨2𝐵 = 1 − 𝐴 = 1 + 1 = 2
∴𝑩=𝟏
𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
= + +
(𝟐𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟑 𝒙 𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑)𝟐

𝒙 𝟏
(H/W)𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)𝟐
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝟐
𝒙 −𝒙+𝟏
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟖
5. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑)
𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟖 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 𝑫
𝒍𝒆𝒕 = + + +
𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑) 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝒙 𝟑𝟐 𝟑

𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟖 𝑨 𝒙 (𝒙 𝟑) 𝑩𝒙(𝒙 𝟑) 𝑪(𝒙 𝟑) 𝑫(𝒙𝟑 )

𝟐
=
𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑) 𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑)

3𝑥 − 18 = 𝐴(𝑥 )(𝑥 + 3) + 𝐵𝑥(𝑥 + 3) +𝐶(𝑥 + 3) + 𝐷(𝑥 ) …. (1)

3𝑥 − 18 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 3𝑥 ) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 3𝑥) +𝐶(𝑥 + 3) + 𝐷(𝑥 ) …. (2)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟎 in (1), we get

⇨ 3(0) − 18 = 𝐶(0 + 3)
⇨ −18 = 3𝐶 ⇨ 𝐶 = −6

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −3 in (1), we get

⇨ 3(−3) − 18 = 𝐷(−3)
⇨ −9 − 18 = 𝐷(−27) ⇨ −27𝐷 = −27
⇨𝐷=1

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝐴+𝐷 =0
⇨𝐴 = −𝐷 = −1
∴ 𝑨 = −𝟏
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝟑𝑨 + 𝑩 = 𝟎
⇨B = - 3A= −𝟑(−𝟏)

∴B=3

𝟑𝒙 𝟏𝟖 𝟏 𝟑 𝟔 𝟏
= + − +
𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝟑) 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟑 𝒙 𝟑

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏
6. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝟐𝒙 𝟑)(𝒙 𝟑)𝟐
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝑺𝒐𝒍: 𝒍𝒆𝒕 = = + + (𝒙
𝒙𝟑 𝒙𝟐 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 𝟏)

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝑨𝒙(𝒙 𝟏) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟏) 𝑪𝒙𝟐

⇨ =
𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 𝟏) 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 𝟏)

⇨𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝑨𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝑩(𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝑪𝒙𝟐 ……(1)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟎 in (1), we get

⇨ 2(0) + 2(0) + 1 = 𝐵(0 + 1)
⇨1=𝐵⇨𝐵=1

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −1 in (1), we get

⇨ 2(−1) + 2(−1) + 1 = 𝐶(−1)
⇨ 2 − 2 + 1 = 𝐶(1) ⇨ 𝐶 = 1

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝐴+𝐶 =2
⇨𝐴 = 2 − 𝑐 = 2 − 1 = 1
∴𝑨=𝟏

𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= + +
𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏) 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟐 𝟓𝒙 𝟕
7. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟑)𝟑
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 3 = 𝑦
⇨𝑥 =𝑦+3

( )

(𝒚 𝟑)𝟐 𝟓(𝒚 𝟑) 𝟕
=
𝒚𝟑

𝒚𝟐 𝟔𝒚 𝟗 𝟓𝒚 𝟏𝟓 𝟕
=
𝒚𝟑

𝒚𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝒚 𝟑𝟏
=
𝒚𝟑
𝒚𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝒚 𝟑𝟏
= + +
𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟑 𝒚𝟑

𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟏
= + +
𝒚 𝒚𝟐 𝒚𝟑

𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟏
= + +
( )𝟐 ( )𝟑

(H/W)
𝟑𝒙𝟑 − 𝟖𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎
𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟒

Sol: 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 − 3 = 𝑦 ⇨ 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 3

𝟑𝒙𝟑 𝟖𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 𝟓
(𝒙 𝟏)𝟒
= (𝒙 + (𝒙 − (𝒙 + (𝒙
𝟏)𝟏 𝟏)𝟐 𝟏)𝟑 𝟏)𝟒
H/W
𝒙𝟒 𝟐𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟐𝟖
(𝒙𝟐 𝟏)𝟑
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟏 = 𝑦 ⇨ 𝒙𝟒 = (𝑦 − 1 )

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟐 𝟑
8. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 𝟏)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝟐
𝒙 𝟑 𝑨 (𝑩𝒙 𝑪)
𝑺𝒐𝒍: = +
(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 𝟏) 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟏

𝒙𝟐 𝟑 𝑨 𝒙𝟐 𝟏 (𝑩𝒙 𝑪)(𝒙 𝟐)
=
(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 𝟏) (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 𝟏)

𝑥 − 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 + 2)… (1)

𝑥 − 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 2𝑥) + 𝑐(𝑥 + 2)… (2)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟐 in (2), we get
⇨ (−2) − 3 = 𝐴((−2) + 1)
⇨ 4 − 3 = 𝐴(4 + 1) ⇨ 5𝐴 = 1
∴𝐴=

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝐴+𝐵 =1
⇨𝐵 = 1 − 𝐵 = 1 − =
𝟒
∴𝑩=
𝟓
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡

𝟐𝑩 + 𝑪 = 𝟎
𝟒 𝟖
⇨C = -2B= −𝟐 =−
𝟓 𝟓
∴C=-8/5

𝟏 𝟒 𝟖
𝒙𝟐 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏 𝟏 (𝟒𝒙 𝟖)
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
= + = +
(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 𝟏) 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝟏

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟒
(H/W)𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 𝟐)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.

𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝟑𝒙 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏𝒙 𝟐
Sol: 𝒍𝒆𝒕 = +
(𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 𝟐) 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙𝟐 𝟐

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟑
9. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 .
𝑺𝒐𝒍:
𝒙𝟑 𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄)
= + + +
𝟏 𝒙 𝒂 𝒙 𝒃 𝒙 𝒄
𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄) 𝑨(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄) 𝑩(𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒄) 𝑪(𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)
(𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄)
= (𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄)
𝑥 = (𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝐴(𝑥 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐)
+𝐵(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑐) + 𝐶(𝑥 − 𝑎)(𝑥 − 𝑏) … . (1)

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝑎 = 𝐴(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑥 − 𝑐)

∴𝐴=( )( )

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑏 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝑎 = 𝐵(𝑏 − 𝑎)(𝑏 − 𝑐)

∴𝐵=( )( )

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑐 𝑖𝑛 (1)
𝑎 = 𝐶(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑐 − 𝑏)

∴𝐶=( )( )

𝒙𝟑 𝟏 ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
(𝒙 𝒂)(𝒙 𝒃)(𝒙 𝒄)
= + + +
𝟏 𝒙 𝒂 𝒙 𝒃 𝒙 𝒄
𝒙𝟑
10. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝟐𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍
𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 .
Sol:
𝒙𝟑 𝟏 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝟐𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)
= + + +
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑

(𝑯/𝑾)
𝟏 𝟖 𝟐𝟕
𝒙𝟑 𝟏 − −
𝟓𝟎
= + + 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟐𝟓
(𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙 − 𝟑) 𝟐 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑
Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟒
11. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:

( )( )
= (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶) + +
( )( )( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
= ( )( )

𝑥 = (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) +𝐷(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐸(𝑥 − 1) …. (1)

𝑥 = (𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2) +𝐷(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐸(𝑥 − 1)

𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 ) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2𝑥)

𝐶(𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 2) + 𝐷(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐸(𝑥 − 1)… (2)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟏 in (1), we get

⇨ (1) = 𝐷(1 − 2)
⇨ 1 = −𝐷 ⇨ 𝐷 = −1

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐 in (1), we get

⇨ (2) = 𝐸(2 − 1)
⇨ 𝐸 = 16

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 𝐴 = 1

𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
−3𝐴 + 𝐵 = 0
⇨ 𝐵 = 3𝐴 = 3(1) ∴B=3
𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
2𝐴 − 3𝐵 + 𝐶 = 0
⇨ 𝐶 = 3𝐵 − 2𝐴
𝐶 = 3(3) − 2(1) = 9 − 2
∴C=7

( )( )
= (1𝑥 + 3𝑥 + 7) + +

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙𝟑
12. 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆 (𝒙 𝟏)(𝒙 𝟐)
𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔.
𝑺𝒐𝒍:

( )( )
= (𝑥 − 1) + +

( )( )
= (𝑥 − 1) + +

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

13. Find the coefficient of 𝒙𝟒 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆

𝟑𝒙
𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)
.
Sol:
𝟑𝒙 𝟕
(𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)
𝟑𝒙 𝑨 𝑩
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)
= +
𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏

𝟑𝒙 𝑨(𝒙 𝟏) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟐)
⇨(𝒙 = (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)
𝟐)(𝒙 𝟏)

𝟑𝒙 = 𝑨(𝒙 + 𝟏) + 𝑩(𝒙 − 𝟐) … . (𝟏)

𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = −𝟏 𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝒙 = 𝟐
⇨ 3(−1) = 𝐵(−1 − 2) ⇨ 3(2) = 𝐴(2 + 1)
−3 = −3𝐵 6 = 3𝐴
∴B=1 ∴A=2

( )(
= +
)

= +
( ) ( )

= 1− + (1 + 𝑥)

=− 1− + (1 + 𝑥)

=− 1+ + + + …∞
+[1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 … … ∞]

Now, the coefficient of 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒

𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 is =− +1=

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

𝒙 𝟒
14. Find the coefficient of 𝒙𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 .
𝒙𝟐 𝟓𝒙 𝟔

𝒙 𝟒 𝒙 𝟒
Sol: 𝒙𝟐 𝟓𝒙 𝟔
= (𝒙
𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)
𝒙 𝟒 𝑨 𝑩
𝒍𝒆𝒕 (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)
= +
𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑

𝒙 𝟒 𝑨(𝒙 𝟑) 𝑩(𝒙 𝟐)
⇨(𝒙 = (𝒙 𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)
𝟐)(𝒙 𝟑)

𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝑨(𝒙 − 𝟑) + 𝑩(𝒙 − 𝟐) … . (𝟏)

𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 2 𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 3
⇨ 2 − 4 = 𝐴(2 − 3) ⇨ 3 − 4 = 𝐵(3 − 2)
-2= -A ⇨𝐴 = 2 −1 = 𝐵

( )(
= +
)

= +
( ) ( )

= 1− + 1−

=− 1 − + 1−

=− 1+ + + + …∞

+ 1+ + + + …∞

Now, the coefficient of 𝑥 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒

𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 is =− + .
= −

Q.No:15 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

1. In a committee of 25 members, each member is proficient either in mathematics or in statistics or in

both. if 19 of these proficient in mathematics, 16 in statistics, find the probability that a person
selected from the committee is proficient in both.
Sol: Let A the events of a member proficient in Mathematics⇨P(A)=
Let B the events of a member proficient in Statistics. ⇨ P(B)= & P(A ∪ B)=
By addition theorem
P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B )

⇨ P (A ∩ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B ) Aims

= + − = =
2. Find the probability of drawing an ace or a spade from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards.
Sol:
Let A, B be the events of drawing an ace, Spade respectively.
Total no of cards= 52, no of Ace = 4, no of spades =13
(A & B are not mutually exclusive events)

P(A) = = , P(B) = =

P(A ∩ B) = = By addition theorem

P (𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) = 𝐏 (𝐀) + 𝐏(𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁 ).

= + − = = .
3. if one ticket is randomly selected from tickets numbered 1 to 30, then find the probability that the
number on the ticket is multiple of 5 or 7.

Sol: Let A be the event of a ticket having number is multiple of 5.

Let B be the event of a ticket having number is multiple of 7.
A = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30} ⇨n(A) = 6

B = {7, 14, 21, 28} ⇨n(B) = 4, A ∩ B = ∅

Total numbers n(s) = 30

By addition theorem

P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B )

= + −0= =
(SQ) If one ticket is randomly selected from tickets numbered 1 to 30, then find the probability
𝟕
that the number on the ticket is multiple of 3 or 5.(Ans : )
𝟏𝟓

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

4. A single die is rolled twice in succession. What is the probability that the number on the second
rolling is greater than that on the first rolling?
(i)Let A be the event that the number on the second toss is greater than that on the first rolling.
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)(1, 5), (1, 6),
A= (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), n(A) = 15
(3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6),
Let S be the sample space then n(S) = 6 = 36
( )
Required probabillity P(A) =
( )

= =

5. Out of 100 students, two sections of 40 and 60 are formed. If you and your friend are among
the 100 students, find the probability that i) you both enter the same section. II) You both
enter the different section.
Sol: Among 100 students 2 students be selected so, 𝑛(𝑠) = 100
i) Let A be the event that you both enter the same section⇨(𝐴) = 40𝑐 + 60𝑐
( ) 40𝑐2 +60𝑐2
required probability P(A) = = =2550/4950=17/33
( ) 100𝐶2

ii) Let B be the event that you both enter the different section⇨(𝐵) = 40𝑐 . 60𝑐
( ) 40𝑐1 .60𝑐1
required probability P(B) = = 2400/4950=16/33
( ) 100𝐶2

6. In a class of 60 boys and 20 girls, half of the boys and half of the girls know cricket. Find the
probability of a person selected from the class is either a boy or a girl who know cricket.
Sol:
Number of boys =60
Number of girls =20
Let A be the event that the selected person is a boy.
B be the event that the selected person is a girl who knows cricket.
P(A) = and P(B) =
A, B are mutually exclusive events
A ∩ B = ∅ ⇨ P(A ∩ B ) = 0.
By addition theorem
P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B ).

= + −0= =

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

7. A speaks truth in 75% of the cases and B in 80% of the cases. What is the probability that their
statements about an incident do not match.
Sol: let A and B be the events that the persons A, B respectively to speak truth about an incident.
Given that P (𝐴) = = ⇒ 𝑃 (𝐴) = .
P (𝐵) = = ⇒𝑃 𝐵 = . P (A) =1-P (𝐴)
Clearly A, B are independent events.
Now probability that their statements about an incident do not match

P (A∩ 𝐵) ∪ 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 𝐵 + 𝑃(𝐴) P (B)

= . + . =
8. Two people A and B are rolling a die on the condition that the person who gets 3 will win the game. if
A starts the game, then fined the probability of A and B respectively to win the game.
Sol:
Let P be the event of getting 3 on a die=
q be the event of not getting 3 on a die
=1 − =
A, B be the events that A, B will win the game respectively.
Then A will win in 1st or 3rd or 5th …..Chances.
(i)The probability of A will win the game is
P (A) =𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑝 + ⋯
P (A) =𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑝 + 𝑞 𝑝 + ⋯
𝒑
= = = . =
𝟏 𝒒𝟐 𝟏 ( )𝟐

𝐺. 𝑃 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠

𝑎 = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 𝑞

𝒂 𝒑
𝑺 = =
𝟏 − 𝒓 𝟏 − 𝒒𝟐

(ii) The probability of B will win the game is

=1-P (A) =1- = .
9. Find the probability that non-leap year contains i) 53 Sundays ii) 52 Sundays only.
Sol:
(i) Let E be the event of containing 53 Sundays in a non-leap year and S be the sample space.
A non-leap year contains 365 days i.e., 52 weeks and 1 day extra52.
The extra day may be any one of Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed, Thus, Fri, Sat.
thus n(S)=7, n(E)=1
( )
∴𝑃(𝐸) = ( )
= .
(ii) If the remaining day is a non-Sunday, then we get 52 Sundays

∴𝑃(𝐸 ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐸) = 1 − =

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

10. State and prove multiplication theorem.

Sol:
Statement: if 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑃 (𝐴) > 0, 𝑃(𝐵) > 0𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝐵
𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 𝑜𝑟
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴
𝐴
𝑃 𝑃(𝐵)
𝐵
Proof: let‘s’ be the sample space. And A, B are two events by definition of conditional probability;

The probability of the event B after the event A has occurred is called conditional probability of B
given by A and it is denoted by P(B/A) and define

( ∩ )
As 𝑃 =
( )

⇨ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 …….(1)

And also The probability of the event A after the event B has occurred is called conditional probability
of A given by B and it is denoted by P(A/B) and define

( ∩ )
As 𝑃 =
( )

⇨ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃 𝑃(𝐵) …….(2)

From (1)& (2)

𝐵
𝑃(𝐴)𝑃 𝑜𝑟
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝐴
𝐴
𝑃 𝑃(𝐵)
𝐵

11. If one card is drawn from a pack of cards, then show that the events of an ace and getting a heart card
are independent events.
Sol:
Let A, B be the events of getting that an ace, a heart card respectively and S be the sample space.
𝑛(𝐴) = 4, 𝑛(𝐵) = 13, 𝑛(𝑆) = 52

( )
𝑃(𝐴) = = =
( )

( )
𝑃(𝐵) = ( )
= =
𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1{𝑎 𝑎𝑐𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡}
( ∩ )
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = = = . =𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)
( )
∴ 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠.

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

12. If A, B, C are three events in a sample space s, then S.T

P (A ∪B ∪C)= P (A) +𝑷 (𝑩) + 𝑷(𝑪) − 𝑷 (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) − 𝑷 (𝑩 ∩ 𝑪)
-P (A ∩ 𝑪) +𝑷 (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩 ∩ 𝑪)

Sol: P (A ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = 𝑃 [𝐴 ∪ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)]

By Additional theorem

∴P (A ∪ 𝑩) =P (A) + P (B) –P (A ∩ 𝑩)

=P (A) + P (B∪ 𝐶) − 𝑃 [𝐴 ∩ (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)]

=P (A) + P (B) + P (C) –P (B∩ 𝐶)

−𝑃[(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)]

=P (A) + P (B) + P (C) –P (B∩ 𝐶)

- P (A∩ 𝐵) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)

∴P (A ∪ 𝐵 ∪ 𝐶)=P (A) + P (B) + P (C) –P (B∩ 𝐶)- P (A∩ 𝐵) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶).

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

13. If A and B are independent events with P(A)=0.6, P(B)=0.7 then compute I)P(A∩B)
𝑩
ii) P (A∪B) iii) P ( ) iv) P (𝑨 ∩ 𝑩).
𝑨
Sol: given that A, B are independent events then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
Given P (A) =0.6; P (B) =0.7
i. P(A∩B)= 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵) = (0.6). (0.7) = 0.42

ii. P (A ∪ 𝐵) =P (A) + P (B) –P (A ∩ 𝐵)

= 0.6 + 0.7 − 0.42 = 1.3 − 042 = 0.88

( ∩ ) ( ) ( )
iii. 𝑃 = = = 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.7
( ) ( )

iv. P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)= P (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

= 1 − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1 − 0.88 = 0.12

14. If A and B are independent events with P(A)=0.2, P(B)=0.5then compute

𝑨 𝑩
(i)P(A ∩B)ii) P ( ) iii) P ( ) iv) P (A∪B).
𝑩 𝑨
Sol:
(i)P (A∩B) = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)
= (0.2)(0.5) = 0.1

( ∩ )
(𝑖𝑖)𝑃 = ( )
( ) ( )
= ( )
= 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5

( ∩ )
(𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑃 = ( )
( ) ( )
= ( )
= 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.2

(i) By addition theorem

P (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =𝑃 (𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ).
⇨P (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =0.2 + 0.5 − (0.2)(0.5)
⇨P (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =0.7 − (0.1) = 0.6

15. If A and B are two events with

P (A∪ 𝐁) =0.65, 𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧
Find 𝐏(𝐀)+𝐏(𝐁).
Sol:

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

P(A ∪ B) = 1 − P A + 1 − P B − P(A ∩ B)

⇨ P A + P B = 2 − P(A ∪ B) − P(A ∩ B)

⇨ P A + P B = 2 − (0.65) − (0.15)

⇨ P A + P B = 2 − (0.80)=1.2

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

16. for any two events A and B, show that

P (𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) =1+𝐏(𝐀 ∩ 𝐁) − 𝐏(𝐀) − 𝐏(𝐁).
Sol:
⇨ P A ∩ B = P(A ∪ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)

=1−[P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)]

=1−P(A) − P(B) + P(A ∩ B)

∴ P (A ∩ B) =1+P(A ∩ B) − P(A) − P(B).

17. If A and B are events with P(A)=0.5, P(B)=0.4 and P(A ∩B)=0.3, then find the probability that
(i) A does not occur ii). Neither A nor B.

Sol: Given P (A) =0.5, P (B) =0.4 and P (A ∩B) =0.3,

(i). P(𝐴) = 1 − P(A) = 1 − 0.5 = 0.5

(ii). P(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)= P (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 1 − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1 − {P (A) + P (B) – P (A ∩ 𝐵)}
=1-{0.5 + 0.4 − 0.3}
= 1 − 0.6 = 0.4
18. A problem in calculus is given to two students A and B whose chances of solving it are1/3 and ¼
respectively. Find the probability of the problem being solved if both of them by independently.
Sol:
Given that P(A) = , P(B) =
& A, B are independent events.
For independent events
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)

∴ probability that the problem bieng solved is

P (A ∪ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B ).

= + − . = = = .
19. The probability for a contractor to get a road contract is 2/3 and to get a building contract is 5/9. The
probability to get at least one contract is 4/5. Find the probability that he gets both the contracts.
Sol: let A and B be the event of getting road and building contract respectively.
𝟒
Given that Given that P(A) = , P(B) = and 𝐏(𝐀 ∪ 𝐁) =
𝟓
Probability that contractor gets both the contracts
P (A ∩ B) =P (A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B ).

( )
= + − = =

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

20. A, B are two independent events such that the probability of both the events to occur is 1/6 and the
probability of both the events do not occur is 1/3.findP (A).
Sol: given that A, B are independent events then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵) =
Let P (A) =𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑦
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥𝑦 = ⇨ 6𝑥𝑦 = 1 …. (1)
𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑃 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ⇨ 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =
⇨ 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) =
⇨ 1 − = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
⇨ = 𝑃 (𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
⇨ = 𝑃 (𝐴) + 𝑃 (𝐵)– 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
⇨ =𝑥 + 𝑦–
⇨𝑥+𝑦 = +
⇨𝑥+𝑦 =
⇨ 6𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 5
⇨ 6𝑦 = 5 − 6𝑥
From (1) 6xy=1⇨ x(5 − 6x) = 1
⇨ 5x − 6x = 1
⇨ 6x − 5x − 1 = 0
⇨ 6x − 3x − 2x − 1 = 0

⇨ 3x(2x − 1) − 1(2x − 1) = 0

⇨ (3x − 1)(2x − 1) = 0

x= or ⇨ P(A) = or

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

21. A bag 𝐁𝟏 contains 4 white and 2 black balls; bag 𝐁𝟐 contains 3 white and 4 black balls, a bag is drawn
at random and a ball is chosen at random from it. Then what is the probability that the ball is white.
Sol:
Let A , A be the events of choosing bags B , B respectively.
Here A , A are equally likely events.
Then P(A ) = , P(A ) =
Let W be the event of drawing a white ball from the selected bag

P( ) probability of drawing a white ball from bag B = =

P( ) probability of drawing a white ball from bag B =
By Total probability theorem,

P(W) = P(A )P + P(A )P

= . + . = =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
22. A number x is drawn at random from the set {1, 2, 3, ……., 100} find the probability that 𝒙 + > 𝟐𝟗.
𝒙
Sol:
The sample space is S= {1, 2, 3, ……, 100} ⇨n(S)=100
Now, 𝑥 + > 29
⇨ 𝑥 − 29𝑥 + 100 > 0
⇨ (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 − 25) > 0
⇨𝑥 < 4 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 25
⇨x∈ {1, 2, 3, 26,27, … . .100} = 78 ⇨ 𝑛(𝐸) = 78
( )
∴𝑃(𝐸) = ( )
= = 0.78
23. A, B, C are three horses in a race. The probability of A to win the race is twice that of B and
probability of B is twice that of C. what are the probabilities of A , B and C to win the race ?
Sol. Let P (A), P (B), P(C) be the events that the horses A, B, C wins the race respectively.
Given P (A) = 2P (B)…..(1) P (B) = 2P(C)……(2)

∴ P (A) = 2P (B) =2[2P(C)] = 4P(C)

Since the horses A, B and C run the race,
A∪B∪C = S and A, B, C are mutually disjoint

P (A ∪ B∪ C) = P (A) + P (B) + P(C) =1

⇒ P(S) = 4p(C) +2p(C) + P(C) =1

𝟏
∴ P(C) =
⇒ 7P(C) =1 𝟕

𝟐
∴ P (B) =
From (2) P (B) = 2P(C) =2[ ] 𝟕

From (1) P (A) = 4P(C) =4[ ] 𝟒

∴ P (A) =
𝟕
P (A) = , P (B) = , P (C) =
Probability that horse A loses in the race =P (A) =1- P (A) =1 – = .

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

24. If two numbers are selected randomly from 20 consecutive natural numbers, find the probability that
the sum of the two numbers is (i) an even number (ii) an add number.
Sol: out of 20 consecutive natural numbers we select ‘2’ numbers in 20 ways
×
⇒ 20 = =190
×
∴ n(s) = 190
In 20 consecutive natural numbers; 10 are even numbers and 10 are odd numbers
We know that
even +even =even (or ) odd + odd =even

× ×
10 + 10 = + = 45 + 45 = 90
× ×
∴ n (A)=90
( )
required probability P(A) = ( )
= = .
(ii)P (getting sum of two numbers are odd)
=1-P (getting sum of two numbers are even)
=1- = .

25. Three screws are drawn at random from a lot of 50 screws, 5 of which are defective. Find the
probability of the event that all the 3 screws are non-defective, assuming that the drawing is (a) with
replacement (b) without replacement.
Sol:
Number of defective screws =5
Number of good screws =45
Total number of screws =50

(i) With replacement:

=

. .
= = =
. .

(𝑖𝑖)𝑊𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡. =

= = . . =

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

26. In a box containing 15 bulbs, 5 are defective. If 5 bulbs are selected at random from the box find the
probability of the event, that i) none of them defective ii) only one of them is defective. iii) At least
one of them is defective
Sol:
Let A be the event that none of the bulb is defective
Let B be the event that only one of the bulb is defective
Let C be the event that at least one of the bulb is defective when 5 bulbs are selected at random from
the box containing 15 bulbs of which 5 are defective.

× × × ×
Now, 𝑛(𝑆) = 15 = = 3003
× × × ×

× × × ×
i) 𝑛(𝐴) = 10 = = 252
× × × ×

( )
P (A) = ( )
= =

× × ×
ii) 𝑛(𝐵) = 10 ×5 = × 5 = 1050
× × ×

( )
P (B) = ( )
= =
iii) 𝑛(𝐶) =P (𝐴̅) = 1 − 𝑝(𝐴) = 1 − =

27. A bag contains 12 two-rupee coins, 7 one-rupee coins, and 4 half rupee coins. If three coins are
selected at random, then find the probability that the sum of three coins is maximum (b) the sum of
three coins is minimum.
Sol:
Number of two rupee coins =12
Number of one rupee coins=7
Number of half rupee coins =4
(i)To have sum of three coins as maximum, we shall select all the three coins are from two-rupee
coins.
∴𝑝r𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 3 𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑥
. .
. .
= = . . =
. .

28. The probability that Australia wins a match against India in a cricket game is given to be 1/3.if India
and Australia play 3 matches, what is the probability that (1) Australia will lose all the three
matches?
(ii) Australia will win at least one match?

Sol: let E be the event of Australia win against India then P (E) =
⇨ 𝑃 𝐸 = 1 − 𝑃 (𝐸) = 1 − =
(ii) Probability that Australia will lose all the three matches= P (𝐸) P (𝐸) P (𝐸) = . . =
(iii) Probability that Australia will win at least one match=1-(Probability that Australia will lose all the
three matches)
(iv)
=1- = .

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL MATHEMAITCS -2A

Q. NO 16 & 17 PROBABILITY
 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

1. Represent the complex number 2 + 3i in 5. Find the square roots of 7 + 24i.

Argand diagram. A: We know that
 
a2 + b2 + a a2 + b2 - a 
a  ib   

+i

b  0
2 2
 

2. Find the real and imaginary parts of the  

7 2  24 2  7 7 2  24 2  7 
 7  24i    i
a  ib  2 2 
complex number .  
a  ib
 625 + 7 625 - 7 
a  ib  a  ib  a  ib  =±  +i 
A:   2 2 
a  ib  a  ib  
 a  ib 


a 2

 b2   2ab  i
 25 + 7 25 - 7 
a  b2
2 =±  +i 
 2 2 
a2 - b2 - 2ab
R e a l p a rt = 2 2
, im a g in a ry p a rt = 2  32 18 
a +b a + b2 =±  +i 
.  2 2 

2(a).If 4x + i(3x - y) = 3 - 6i where x and y are real = ±  16 + i 9  = ±  4 + 3i 

numbers, then find the values of x and y.
A: x = 3/4 y = 30 3/4. 5(a). Find the square roots of - 8 - 6i.
Ans. + (1 - 3i)
5(b). Find the square roots of - 47 + i8 3 .
3. If (a + ib)2 = x + iy, find x2 + y2.
A: Given that (a + ib)2 = x + iy Ans. + ( 1+i 4 3 )
Now, |a + ib|2 = |x + iy| 5(c).Find the square roots of 3 + 4i.
Ans : ± (2 + i)
 
2
 a2  b2 x2  y2  a2  b2  x2  y2
6. Find the complex conjugate of (3 + 4i) (2 - 3i).
A: Let z = (3 + 4i) (2 - 3i)

 x 2  y2  a 2  b 
2 2
= 6 - 9i + 8i - 12i2
= 18 - i
 z  18  i .

6(a). Write the conjugate of (15 + 3i) - (4 - 20i).

Ans. 11 - 23i
4. Find the square roots of - 5 + 12i.
A: We know that 5i 1- 7i
6(b) Write the conjugate of . Ans. .
7i 10
 
a2 + b 2 + a a2 + b2 - a 
a + ib =   +i
 2 2  2 + 11i -2 + i
  7. Show that z 1 = , z2 = are
25 (1 - 2i)2
Here a = -5, b = 12
conjugate to each other.
 25 + 144 + (-5) 25 + 144 - (-5)  -2 + i
-5 + 12i =   +i  -2 + i
A: z2 = =
 2 2  (1 - 2i)2 1 - 4 - 4i

 13 - 5 : 1+:i
-2
13 + 5  =
=  +i  - 3 - 4i
 2 2 
= + (2 + 3i). 2 - i 3 - 4i
= x
3 + 4i 3 - 4i

AIMSTUTORIAL :1: 9000687600 QNO: 1 & 2

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

11.Find the least positive integer n, satisfying

6 - 8i - 3i - 4 n
= ( (a + ib) (a - ib)  1 i 
9 + 16
   1.
= a 2 + b 2)  1 i 
2 - 11i n n
 1+ i   1+ i 1+ i 
=
25 A: Given that   =1 ⇒ x  =1
z1 and z2 are conjugate to each other.  1- i   1- i 1+ i 
n n
 1 + i  2   1 + i2 + 2i 
2i 2  11 i ⇒ 2 2  = 1⇒  =1
7(a). Show that and are  1 - i   1+ 1 
1  2i
2
25
n n
conjugate to each other . Ans z1  z2 .  1 - 1 + 2i   2i n
  = 1 ⇒   = 1⇒ i = 1
 1 + 1  2
 
8. Find the additive inverse of  
3, 5 .
n = {4, 8, 12,.............}
A:  3, 5 = 3 + 5i  Required least positive integer is 4.

Its additive inverse = -  3, 5 = - 3 - 5i 12. If z = (cos , sin ) then find z 

1
z
.


= - 3, - 5 .  A: Given that z = (cos , sin ) = cos  + i sin 
1 1 cosθ - isinθ
then = x
z cosθ + isinθ cosθ - isinθ
8(a). Write the additive inverse of (-6, 5) + (10, -4) .
Ans. (- 4, -1) cosθ - isinθ cosθ - isinθ
= 2 2
=
 cosθ  -  isinθ  cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ
8(b) Write the additive inverse of (2, 1) (-4, 6).
Ans. (14, - 8)
= cos - i sin 
1
 
9. Write the multiplicative inverse of (7, 24).
A: (7, 24) = 7 + 24i.
∴z - = cos θ + isinθ - cos θ - isinθ
z
1 1
Multiplicative inverse of 7 + 24i =
7 + 24i
. ⇒ z - = 2isin θ
z
1 7 - 24i 7 - 24i 7 - 24i
= x = = .
7 + 24i 7 - 2 4 i 7 2 - 2 4 2 i2 49 + 576 13. If z1 = - 1, z2 = -i then find Arg ( z1 z2 ).
7 - 24i 7 24  7 24  A: Given that z1 = - 1, z2 = - i
= = -i = ,- .
625 625 625  625 625 
 
9(a).Write the multiplicative inverse of (3, 4). then z1 = cis, z2 = cis   
 2
 3 4   Arg (z1 z2) = Arg z1 + Arg z2.
Ans.  , 
 25 25    
=     = .
 2 2
9(b).Write the multiplicative inverse of
(sin, cos). z 
14. If z1 = -1, z2 = i then find Arg  1  .
Ans. (sin, - cos).  z2 
10. If z = 2 - 3i, show tht z - 4z + 13 = 0.
2
A: Given that z1 = -1, z2 = i
A: Given that z = 2 - 3i 
z - 2 = -3i then z1 = cis, z2 = cis
2
Squaring on both sides,
 z1 
(z - 2)2 = (-3i)2  Arg  z  = Arg z1 - Arg z2 .
z2 - 4z + 4 = -9  2
z2 - 4z + 13 = 0.  
=  = .
2 2

AIMSTUTORIAL :2: 9000687600 QNO: 1 & 2

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

17(a). Express 1 - i in polar form.

π π
15. If Arg z1 and Arg z 2 are and        
5 3 2 cos   isin 
A.   .
respectively, find Arg z1 + Arg z2.   4   4 
π π 17(b). Express z =  7 + i 21 in polar form.
A: Given Arg z1 = and Arg z 2 =
5 3   2   2  
-π π Ans. 2 7 cos    i sin   
⇒ A rg z 1 = and Arg z 2 =   3   3 
5 3
17(c). Express 1  i 3 in modulus amplitude
-π π -3π + 5π 2π
 Arg z1 + Arg z2 = + = = . form. Ans :
5 3 15 5  

2  cos  isin 
2π  3 3 
∴ Arg z1 + Arg z 2 =
5
18.If 3  i  r  cos θ  i sin θ  . Find the value of .
1  2i 2 2
 a2 b 
15(a).If z =
1  (1  i)2
then find Arg (z). A: a  ib  a  b  2 2
i 

 a b a2  b2 
Ans. 0  3 1
3  i  2 i 
 2 2 

16.Find the modulus and amplitude form of the    
 2  cos  isin    .
 6 6 6
complex number 1  3 i .
19. If  cos 2α  i sin2α   cos 2β  i sin2β 
A: Let x + iy = 1  3 i
= cos  + i sin  find the value of .
Here x = 1, y = 3 A: Given that  cos2α + i sin2α   cos2β + i sin2β 
2 2
Now, r = x  y  1 3  4  2 = cos  + i sin 
(cis 2) (cis 2) = cos  + i sin .
x 1
cosθ =⇒ cosθ = cis (2 + 2) = cis 
r 2
∴ θ = 2α + 2β 
Hence, y 3
sinθ = ⇒ sinθ = 20.If z = x + iy = cis.cis, then find the value of
r 2
x2 + y2.

 ‘’ lies in I quadrant and  = (-, ] A: Given that x + iy
3 = (cos + i sin) (cos + i sin)
 Modulus amplitude form of 1 3 i = (coscos + sinsin) + isincos + cossin)
i.e., x + iy = cos() + i sin()
 
= r (cos + isin) = 2[cos + isin ].
3 3 |x + iy| = cos 2  α + β  + sin 2  α + β 
17.Express  1  i 3 in polar form.
⇒ x2 + y2 = 1 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
A: Let x + iy = - 1 - i 3

Here x = -1, y = - 3
 
100
21.If 3 i  299  a  ib  , show that a2 + b2 = 4.
Now, r = x 2 + y 2 = 1+ 3 = 4 = 2
 
100
A: Given that 3 +i = 2 99  a + ib 
x -1 
cosθ = ⇒ cosθ =
r 2  100
 ⇒ 3 +i = 2 99  a + ib 
y - 3
s in θ = ⇒ s in θ =
r 2  100
 
 : 33 :
2
  2 ⇒ + 1
2
= 2 99 a 2 + b 2
 ‘’ lies in III quadrant and  =         
 3  3  
 Polar form of - 1 - i 3 = r (cos + isin)
⇒ 2100 = 299 a2 + b 2
  2   2  
= 2 cos     isin     .
  3   3  ⇒ 2 = a2 + b2 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 4

AIMSTUTORIAL :3: 9000687600 QNO: 1 & 2

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

22.If z = x + iy and |z| = 2, find the locus of z.

A: Given that z = x + iy and
|z| = 2
|x + iy| = 2
 x2 + y2 = 2
x2 + y2 = 4
so, the locus of z is x2 + y2 = 4.

π
23. If the amplitude of z - 1 is , find the locus of z.
2
A: Let z = x + iy
z - 1 = x + iy - 1
= (x - 1) + iy
π
Given that amplitude of z - 1 is
2
 
y
Tan-1 x - 1 =
π
2
y π 1
x - 1 = tan 2 = 0
x - 1 = 0
Locus of z is x = 1 and y > 0.

AIMSTUTORIAL :4: 9000687600 QNO: 1 & 2

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

1. Find the value of (1 + i)16.

5. If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle such that
16
  1 1  x = cis A, y = cis B, z = cis C, then find xyz.
A: (1 + i)16 =  2  +i 
  2 2  A: Given that x = cis A, y = cis B, z = cis C

 2
16
=  cos45 0 + isin45 0  16 Now xyz = cis A.cis B.cis C = cis(A+B+C)
 
= cos (A + B + C) + i sin (A + B + C)
By applying De Moivre’s theorem for an
integral index. = cos 1800 + i sin 1800 = - 1 + i(0) = - 1.
= 28 [cos16(450) - isin16 (450)]
= 256 [cos7200 + isin7200] = 256 [1 - i.0] = 256 6  1
6. If x = cis , then find the value of  x  .
 x6 

  A: Given that x = cos  + i sin .

3
2. Find the value of 1  i 3 .
 x6 = (cos  + i sin )6 = cos 6 + i sin 6.
3 3
 1 3  1 3 1 1
1+ i 3 
3
A: = 2  +i    8  + i  Now, = = cos6 - i sin6.
  2 2   2 2  x 6
cos6θ + isin6θ
6 1
= 8(cos600 + isin600)3 Hence, x + 6 =
x
By applying De Moivre’s theorem for an integral
= cos6θ + isin6θ + cos6θ - isin6θ
index.
= 2cos 6.
= 8[cos3(600) + isin3(600)]
= 8(cos1800 + isin1800) = 8 [-1 + i(0)] = - 8.
7. If ,  are the roots of the equation x2 + x + 1 = 0,
3. Find the value of (1 - i) . 8 then prove that  +  + -1 -1 =0.
8
A: Given equation is x2 + x + 1 = 0
  1 1 
A: (1 - i) =  2 
8 -i   b  b2  4ac 1  1  4 1  3 i
  2 2  x    ω, ω2
2a 2 2

 2  
8 4 1 1
= (cos 450 - i sin 450)8 α4  β4  α1β1  ω4  ω2  . 2  ω  ω2  1  0
ω ω
By applying De Moivre’s theorem for an integral
index.
= 24 [cos8(450) - isin8 (450)]
 cos α  i sinα  4
8. Simplify .
 sinβ  i cosβ 8
= 24 [cos3600 - isin3600] = 16 [1 - i(0)] = 16
4
co sα + is in α   c o s α + is in α  4
A: =
 -i 
8 8
5 5
2
s in β + ic o s β  i  c o s β - is in β  
 3 i  3 i
4. Find the value of        .
 2 2  2 2  cosα + isinα  4 cos4α + isin4α
= 8 8
=
5 5
i  cosβ - isinβ  cos8β - isin8β
 3 i  3 i
A:  +  -  -  = (cos4 + isin4)(cos8+isin8)
 2 2   2 2 
= cos (4 + 8) + isin (4 + 8) = cis(4 + 8)
= (cos 300 + isin 300)5 - (cos 300 - isin 300)5
By applying De Moivre’s theorem for an
integral index. :5:
= cos5(300) + isin5(300) - [cos5(300) - isin5(300)]

= cos150 + isin150 -  cos150 - isin150 

0 0 0 0

 1
= 2i sin1500 = 2i   i.
2
AIMSTUTORIAL :5: 9000687600 QNO: 3
 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

9. If 1, 2 are the cube roots of unity, then prove 13.If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, prove that
1 1 1 (1- +2)6 + (1-2+)6 = 128 = (1-+2)7 + (1+-2)7.
that 2    1  2  1   . A: Given that 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity,

1 1 1  2  2   then 1 + + 2 = 0 and 3 = 1

 
2   1  2 2  4    22 (1 - + 2)6 + (1 - + 2)6
= (-- )6 + (-2 - 2)6
31 31 1  12 
2

    = (-2)6 + (-22)6
 2
2 1  3  3 1 1 
= (-2)6 [6 + 12]
 1 = 64(1 + 1) = 128
 
 1   1   . (1 - + 2)7 + (1 + - 2)7
= (-- )7 + (-2 - 2)7
10.If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, find the
value of (1 -  + 2)3 . = (-2)7 + (-22)7
= (-2)7 [7 + 14]
 
3
(1 -  +  ) =  1    
2
2 3  1    2  0
=(-128) ( + 2)

     = (-128) (-1) = 128.

3

  2
3

14.If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, prove that

  83
(a + b) (a+ b2) (a2 + b) = a3 + b3.
 8 .
A. (a + b) (a+ b2) (a2 + b)
11.If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, find the = (a + b) (a23 + ab 2 + ab4 + b2 3)
value of (1 - ) (1 - 2) (1 - 4)(1 - 8). = (a + b) [a2 + ab(2 + ) + b2]
A: (1 - ) (1 - 2) (1 - 4)(1 - 8) = (a + b) [a2 + ab (-1) + b2]
= (1 - ) (1 - 2)(1 - ) (1 - 2) = (a + b) (a2 - ab + b2)
= [(1 - ) (1 - 2)]2 = a 3 + b 3.
= [1 -  - 2 + ]2
= [1- ( + 2) + 1]2
15.If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then find
= [2 - (-1)]2
= 32  a  b  c2   a  b  c2 

the value of  c  a  b2   b  c  a2  .
= 9.    

 a  b  c2   a  b  c2 
A. Given,  2 
 2 
11(a). If 1, , 2 are cube roots of unity, then prove  c  a  b   b  c  a 
that (2 - ) (2 - 2) (2 - 10) (2 - 11) = 49. a  b  c2 a  b  c2
= 
a  b2  c3 a2  b3  c4
12. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then
find the value of a  b  c2 a  b  c2

(a + 2b)2 + (a2 + 2b)2 + (a + 2b)2. 
=  a  b  c2
 
2 a  b  c2 
Sol: We know that 1 +  + 2 = 0 and 3 = 1.
Now (a + 2b)2 + (a2 + 2b)2 + (a + 2b)2. 1 1 3 3
=  2= 
= a2 + 4b2 + 4ab + a2 4 + 4b22 + 4ab3 + a2 2    2
+ 4b24 + 4ab3 = 2 + 
= a2 + 4b2 + 4ab + a2  + 4b22 + 4ab + a2 2 = -1.
+ 4b2 + 4ab
= a2 (1 +  + 2) + 4b2 (1 +  + 2) + 12ab
= a2 (0) + 4b2 (0) + 12ab
= 12ab.

AIMSTUTORIAL :6: 9000687600 QNO: 3

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

16.Solve x4 - 1 = 0.
A: x4 - 1 = 0  (x2 + 1) (x2 - 1) = 0
x2 + 1 = 0 or x2 - 1 = 0
 x2 = - 1 or x2 = 1
 x = 1 or x = 1
 x = ± i or x = ± 1.

17. Solve the equation x4 + 1 = 0.

A: Given equation is x4 + 1 = 0
x4 = -1.
= cis 
= cis (2k + )
1
 x = cis  2k  1   4 , k = 0, 1, 2, 3,

= cis  2k  1 , k = 0, 1, 2, 3
4

If k = 0, x = cis
4
3
If k = 1, x = cis
4
5
If k = 2, x = cis
4
7
If k = 3, x = cis
4
 The roots of the given equation are
 3 5 7
cis , cis , cis ,cis
4 4 4 4

18.Find the cube roots of 8.

A: Let x = 3
8 ⇒ x3 = 8
x3 = 23 = (2.1)3
 x = 2(11/3)
= 2(1, , 2)
= 2, 2, 2 .
19.If the cube roots of unity are 1, , 2, then find
the roots of the equation (x - 1)3 + 8 = 0.
A. (x - 1)3 = -8 = (-2)3 = - 2 (1)1/3 = - 2 (1, , 2)
:7:
x - 1 = - 2, - 2, - 22
 x = 1 - 2, 1 - 2, 1 - 22
= - 1, 1 - 2, 1 - 2

AIMSTUTORIAL :7: 9000687600 QNO: 3

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75
 x2 - 14x + 29 = 0.
1. Find the roots of the quadratic equation
ax2 + bx + c = 0 5. Obtain a quadratic equation whose roots are
Sol: Given ax2 + bx + c = 0
p- q -(p+q)
multiplying both sides by 4a, , .
4a2x2 + 4abx + 4ac = 0 p+q p- q
(2ax)2 + 2(2ax)(bx) = - 4ac.
p- q -(p+q)
(2ax)2 + 2(2ax)(b) + b2 = b2 - 4ac. A: The quadratic equation whose roots are , is
(2ax + b)2 = b2 - 4ac. p+q p- q

2ax + b =  b2  4ac  p - q (p + q)   p - q   -(p + q) 

x2 -  - x +  =0
2ax = - b  b2  4ac p + q p - q   p + q   p - q 

x 
 b  b 2  4ac
.  (p - q)2 - (p + q)2 
2a x - 
2
2 2 x - 1 = 0
 p -q 
2. Find the roots of equation
(p2 - q2) x2 + 4pqx - (p2 - q2) = 0.
6 5x 2  9x  3 5  0 .
A. Given equation 6 5x 2  9x  3 5  0 3 5(a). Find the quadratic equation whose roots are

 2 5x 2  3x  5  0 m -n
, .
n m
 2 5x 2  5x  2x  5  0 Ans. mnx2 + (n2 - m2) x - mn = 0.
 5x 2 (2x  5)  (2x  5)  0
6. Find the nature of the roots of 4x2 - 20x + 25 = 0.
 (2x  5)( 5x  1)  0 A. Given quadratic equation is
4x2 - 20x + 25 = 0
5 1 Now b2 - 4ac = 400 - 400 = 0
x  (or) The roots of given equation are real and equal.
2 5
2(a). Find the roots of 2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0. 7. Find the nature of the roots of 2x2 - 8x + 3 = 0.
A. Given equation 2x2 - 8x + 3 = 0
3  i 7 Now, b2 - 4ac = 64 - 24 = 40 > 0
Ans.
4  The root of given equation are real and distinct.
2(b). Find the roots of 3x 2  10x  8 3 = 0. 8. Find the nature of the roots of 2x2 - 7x + 10 = 0.
2 4 A. Given equation 2x2 - 7x + 10 = 0
Ans. , Now, b2 - 4ac = 49 - 80 = -31 < 0
3 3  The roots of given equation are conjugate
complex numbers.
3. Form a quadratic equation whose roots are 9. Find the quadratic equation, the sum of whose
-3 ± 5i. roots is 7 and the sum of the squares of the
A: The quadratic equation whose roots are roots is 25.

-3 + 5i and -3 - 5i is x2 - ( + )x +  = 0 A: Let ,  be the roots of the required quadratic

equation.
x2 - (-3 + 5i - 3 - 5i) x + (-3 + 5i) (-3 -5i) = 0
Given that  +  = 7, 2 + 2 = 25.
 (a + ib) (a - ib) = a2 + b2
( + )2 = 72
x2 + 6x + 34 = 0.
4. Obtain a quadratic equation whose roots are 2 + 2 + 2 = 49
25 + 2 = 49
72 5 .
A. Given roots are 7  2 5 , 7  2 5 . 2 = 49 - 25 = 24

Quadratic equation is x2 - ( + ) x +  = 0  = 12


 x2  7  2 5  7  2 5 x   Required quadratic equation is
x2 - ( + )x +  = 0

 7  2 5 7  2 5   0 x2 - 7x + 12 = 0.

AIMSTUTORIAL :8: 9000687600 QNO: 4

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75
2 2
α β α +β
Now + =
10.Find a quadratic equation, the sum of whose β α αβ
roots is 1 and sum of the squares of roots is 2
(α + β ) - 2 αβ
13. =
A: Let a, b be the roots of required equation then αβ
2
 +  = 1, 2 + 2 = 13 (-1) - 2(1)
We have, ( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 = = -1.
1
 (1)2 = 13 + 2
 1 - 13 = 2  2 = - 12 14.If  and  are the roots of the equation
2x2 + 3x + 6 = 0, find the quadratic equation
    6 whose roots are 3 and 3.
 Required equation : x2 - ( + )x +  = 0
A:  are the roots of 2x2 + 3x + 6 = 0
 x 2  1 x  6  0  x 2  x  6  0 .
-b -3 c 6
 = = ;  = = =3
a 2 a 2
11.If  are the roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
1 1 33 = ( + )3 - 3()
Find the value of + .
α β -27 27 -27 +108 81
= + = =
A:  are the roots of ax + bx + c = 0 2
8 2 8 8
-b c 3 3
= 3 = 273

 ,  =
a a Required quadratic equation is
1 1 β+α -b / a -b x2 - (3 + 3)x + 3 3 = 0
Now + = = = .
α β αβ c/a c
81
12.If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 - x + 27 = 0
8
1 1
ax2 + bx + c = 0, then find the value of 2
+ 2. 8x2 - 81x + 216 = 0.
α β
15.If the equation x2 - 15 - m(2x - 8) = 0 has equal
A:  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0. roots, then find the values of m.
-b c A: Given equation is x2 - 2mx + (8m - 15) = 0
= ,  =
a a since it has equal roots b2 - 4ac = 0
1 1 β2 + α2 (-2m)2 - 4(1)(8m - 15) = 0
Now + =
α2 β2 (αβ) 2 4m2 - 4(8m - 15) = 0
4
(α + β ) 2 - 2 α β
= m2 - 8m + 15 = 0
(α β ) 2
(m - 3) (m - 5) = 0
2
(-b / a) - 2c / a
=  m = 3 or 5.
2
(c / a)
16.If (m + 1) x2 + 2 (m + 3) x + m + 8 = 0 has equal
2 2
b - 2ac a roots, find m.
= . 2
a2 c A: Given equation is (m + 1)x2 + 2(m + 3)x + (m + 8) = 0
b2 - 2ac Since it has equal roots b2 - 4ac = 0
= .
c2 {2(m+3)}2 - 4(m + 1) (m + 8) = 0 4
13.If  and  are the roots of the equation m2 + 6m + 9 - (m2 + 9m + 8) = 0
α β - 3m: +9 1: = 0
x2 + x + 1 = 0, find the value of + .
β α
m = 1/3.
A:  and  are the roots of x2 + x + 1= 0.
16(a). Find all k such that the equation
 = - b/a = -1 ;  = c/a = 1
x2 + 2(k + 2)x + 9k = 0 has equal roots..
Ans. k = 1 and 4

AIMSTUTORIAL :9: 9000687600 QNO: 4

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

17. Prove that the roots of (x - a) (x - b) = h 2 are 21.For what values of x, the expression x2 - 5x - 14
always real. is positive.
Sol: Given expression is x2 - 5x - 14.
A: Given equation is (x - a ) (x - b) = h2
Consider the equation x2 - 5x - 14 = 0
x2 - (a + b)x + (ab - h2) = 0  x2 - 7x + 2x - 14 = 0
 x(x - 7) + 2(x - 7) = 0.
Its discriminant
 (x + 2) (x - 7) = 0
= {- (a + b}2 - 4(1) (ab - h2)   = - 2,  = 7.
= a2 + b2 + 2ab - 4ab + 4h2 Here coefficient of x2 is 1, which is positive.
= (a - b)2 + (2h)2  0 So for x  R and x < - 2 or x > 7, then x2 - 5x - 14
Hence the roots of the given equation are always is positive.
real.
22. For what values of x, the expression
18. If x2 - 6x + 5 = 0 and x2 - 12x + p = 0 have a 3x2 + 4x + 4 is positive.
common root, then find p. A: Given expression is 3x2 + 4x + 4
A: x2 - 6x + 5 = 0 Consider 3x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(x - 1) (x - 5) = 0 -b ±
2
b - 4ac
Roots are x =
x = 1, 5 2a
If x = 1, 1 - 12 + p = 0 p = 11
-4 ± 16 - 4(3)(4)
If x = 5, 25 - 60 + p = 0 p = 35 =
2(3)
 p = 11 or 35.
18(a).If x2 - 6x + 5 = 0 and x2 - 3ax + 35 = 0 have a -4 ± -32
common root, then find a. Ans. 4 or 12. =
6
19.If x2 + bx + c = 0 and x2 + cx + b = 0 (b  c) have
a common root then show that 1 + b + c = 0. -4 ± 4 2 i
=
A: Let  be the common root of the given equations 6
then  + b + c = 0 ................(1)
and  + c + b = 0 .................(2) which are complex numbers.
Solving (1) & (2) Thus,  x  R, 3x2 + 4x + 4 is positive.

 
 2  b   c   2  c  b  0 22(a).For what values of x, the expresssion
 (b - c ) + (c - b) = 0 4x - 5x2 + 2 is positive?

 b  c    b  c     1 2  14 2  14
Ans. x .
Substitute in (1)  (1) + b(1) + c = 0
2 2 2
 1 b  c  0 . 23. For what values of x, the expression 15 + 4x - 3x2
is negative.
20. If the quadratic equations ax 2 + 2bx + c = 0
A: Given expression is 15 + 4x - 3x2.
and ax2 + 2cx + b = 0, (b  c) have a common
root, then show that a + 4b + 4c = 0. Here a = -3 < 0.
A: Let  be the common root of given two equations. Consider 15 + 4x - 3x2 = 0
a2 + 2b + c = 0 3x2 - 4x - 15 = 0
a2 + 2c + b = 0 3x2 - 9x + 5x - 15 = 0
on subtraction 2(b -c) - (b - c) = 0 3x (x - 3) + 5(x - 3) = 0

2 - 1 = 0 b - c  0 (3x + 5) (x - 3) = 0

 = 1/2  = -5/3,  = 3   < 

a (1/2)2 + 2b (1/2) + c = 0 Thus for x  R and x < -5/3 or x > 3, then

15 + 4x - 3x2 is negative.
a + 4b + 4c = 0.
23(a).For what value of x, the expression

AIMSTUTORIAL : 10 : 9000687600 QNO: 4

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

2x2 + 5x - 3 is negative?
1
Ans. -3 < x < .
2

24.Determine the sign of the expression x2 - 5x + 6.

A: (i) Take x2 - 5x + 6 > 0  (x - 2) (x - 3) > 0.
For x < 2, x > 3 the expression is positive.
(ii) Take x2 - 5x + 6 < 0  (x - 2) (x - 3) < 0.
For 2 < x < 3 the expression is negative.

24(a).Determine the sign of the expression x2-x + 3

Ans. Positive for x  R.

25. Find the maximum value of 2x - 7 - 5x 2

for x  R.
A: Comparing 2x - 7 - 5x 2 with ax 2 + bx + c,
we get a = -5, b = 2, c = -7.
Maximum value of 2x - 7 - 5x2
2
4ac - b
=
4a
2
4(-5)(-7) - 2
=
4(-5)
140 - 4
=
-20
136
=
-20
34
=- .
5

25(a). Find the maxima or minimum of the

expression x2 - x + 7 as x varies over R.
27
Ans. Minimum = .
4

25(b) Find the maxima or minimum of the

expression 12x - x2 - 32 as x varies over R.
Ans. Maximum = 4.

26. Find the set of solutions of x2 + x + 12  0

by algebraic method.
Sol: Given x2 + x - 12  0
 x 2  4x  3x  12  0
 x(x  4)  3(x  4)  0
: 11 :
(x + 4) (x - 3)  0
 x [- 4, 3].
 Required solution set = [- 4, 3].

AIMSTUTORIAL : 11 : 9000687600 QNO: 4

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

6. If  and 1 are the roots of x3 - 2x2 - 5x + 6 = 0,

1. Form a polynomial equation of lowest degree,
then find  and .
whose roots are 1, -1, 3.
A: Given , 1 are the roots of x3 - 2x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
A: Polynomial equation of lowest degree whose roots
are 1, -1, 3 is (x - 1) (x + 1) (x - 3) = 0 s1 =  + 1 = 2
(x - 1) (x - 3) = 0
2
 = 1.
x3 - 3x2 - x + 3 = 0. Also s3  = (1) = -d/a = -6/1 = -6
 = -6
1(a). Form the monic polynomial equation of
degree 3 whose roots are 2, 3 and 6. By observation  = 3,  = -2.
Ans : x3 - 11x2 - 36x - 36 = 0.
7. If 1, -2, 3 are the roots of x 3 - 2x2 + ax + 6 = 0,
2. Form the polynomial equation of the lowest then find a.
degree with roots as 0, 0, 2, 2, -2, -2. A: Given that 1 is a root of x3 - 2x2 + ax + 6 = 0
A. Given roots are 0, 0, 2, 2, -2, -2
1 - 2 + a + 6 = 0
Required 6th degree equation is
x2 (x2 - 4)2 = 0 a = -5.
x2 (x4 - 8x2 + 16) = 0
x6 - 8x4 + 16x2 = 0. 8. Solve the equation x3 - 3x2 - 6x + 8 = 0, given
that the roots are in A.P.
A: Let the roots be a- d , a, a + d.
3. Form a polynomial equation with rational s1 = a - d + a + a + d = 3
coefficients and whose roots are 2  3, 1  2i .
3a = 3 a = 1
A: Given roots are 2 ± 3, 1 ± 2i . s3 = (a - d) (a) (a + d) = -8
Required biquadratic equation is (1- d) (1) ( 1 + d) = - 8
[x - ( 2 + 3 + 2 - 3 )x + ( 2 + 3 ) ( 2 - 3 )]
2
1 - d2 = - 8
[x2 - (1 + 2i + 1 - 2i)x + (1 + 2i) (1 - 2i)] = 0 d2 = 9
(x2 - 4x + 1) (x2 - 2x + 5) = 0 d =  3
x - 2x + 5x - 4x + 8x - 20x + x - 2x + 5 = 0
4 3 2 3 2 2
If d = 3, the roots are 1 - 3, 1, 1 + 3
x4 - 6x3 + 14x2 - 22x + 5 = 0. i.e - 2, 1, 4.

9. If  are the roots of 4x3 - 6x2 + 7x + 3 = 0,

4. If -1, 2,  are the roots of 2x + x - 7x - 6 = 0,
3 2
then find the value of  +  + .
then find . A. Given that  are the roots of 4x3 - 6x2 + 7x + 3
A: Given that -1, 2,  are the roots of 2x3 + x2 - 7x - 6 =0
=0
c 7
s1 =  = -b/a  +  +  = s2   .
a 4
1
-1 + 2 +  = -1/2     1 10.Find s1, s2, s3 and s4 for the equation
2 8x4 - 2x3 - 27x2 + 6x + 9 = 0.
 = -3/2. A: Given equation is 8x4 - 2x3 - 27x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
Comparing this with ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0.

5. If the product of the roots of the equation b 2 1

4x3 + 16x2 - 9x - a = 0 is 9, then find a. s1 = - = =
a 8 4
A: Product of the roots of 4x3 + 16x2 - 9x - a = 0 is 9.
c -27
s3 =  = -d/a = 9 s2 = =
a 8
-(-a)/4 = 9 d -6 -3
a = 36. s3 = - = =
a 8 4
e 9
s4 = = .
a 8

AIMSTUTORIAL : 12 : 9000687600 QNO: 5

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

15. If  are the roots of x3 - 2x2 + 3x - 4 = 0,

10(a). Find s1, s2, s3 and s4 for the equation then find 22
x4 - 16x3 + 86x2 - 176x + 105 = 0. A: Given that are the roots of x3 - 2x2 + 3x - 4 = 0
Ans. 16, 86, 176, 105.
11.Solve the equation x3 - 3x2 - 16x + 48 = 0, one 22 = 22 + 22 + 22
root being 3.
= ()2 - 2()
A: Given equation is x3 - 3x2 - 16x + 48 = 0
= ()2 - 2()
s1 = 3 +  +  = 3
= 32 - 2(4) (2)
 +  = 0
= 9 - 16
s3 = 3 ()() = -48
= -7.
 = -16
15(a).If  are the roots of x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0,
The quadratic equation whose roots are  is
1
x2 - ()x +  = 0 then find i2 (ii3 (iii  
x2 - (0)x - 16 = 0
Ans. i) p2 - 2q (ii) 3pq -pq (iii) -q/r
x =  4.
16. Find the quotient and remainder, when
 The other two roots are 4, -4.
2x5 - 3x4 + 5x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 9 divided by x2 - x - 3.
A: By synthetic division, dividing
12.If 1, 2, 3, 4 are the roots of x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 2x5 - 3x4 + 5x3 - 3x2 + 7x - 9 is by x2 - x - 3
0, then find the values of a, b, c, d.
A: Given that 1, 2, 3, 4 are the roots of 2 -3 5 -3 7 -9
x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0. 1 0 2 -1 10 4 0
3 0 0 6 -3 30 12
a = -s1 = - () = - (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) = -
10 2 -1 10 4 41 3

b = s2 =  +  +  +  +  +  Required quotient is 2x3 - x2 + 10x + 4 and the

= 1(2) + 1 (3) + 1(4) + 2 (3) + 2(4) + 3(4) = 35 remainder is 41x + 3.

c = -s3 = - () 17. Find the polynomial equation of degree

= - (1.2.3 + 1.2.4 + 1.3.4 + 2.3.4) = - 50 4 whose roots are negatives of the roots
d = s4 = = 1.2.3.4 = 24 of x 4 - 6x 3 + 7x 2 - 2x + 1 = 0.
 a = -10, b = 35, c = -50, d = 24 A: Required transformed equation is f(-x) = 0
(-x)4 - 6(-x)3 + 7(-x)2 - 2(-x) + 1 = 0
13.If  are the roots of x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0, x4 + 6x3 + 7x2 + 2x + 1 = 0.
then find 2 + 2 + 2.
A: Given that  are the roots of x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0. 17(a).Find the transformed equation whose roots
are negatives of the roots of x4 + 5x3 + 11x + 3 =
Now 2 + 2 + 2 = ()2 - 2() 0. Ans : x4 - 5x3 - 11x + 3
= (-p)2 - 2(q) = p2 - 2q. = 0.

18.Find the polynomial equation whose roots are

the reciprocals of the roots of
14.If  are the roots of x3 + px2 + qx + r = 0, x4 - 3x3 + 7x2 + 5x - 2 = 0.
then find the value of 3 + 3 + 3. A. Given equation is f(x) = x4 - 3x3 + 7x2 + 5x - 2 = 0
A: We know that
 1
3 + 3 + 3 - 3 = (++) [2 + 2 + 2 -  -  -] Required transformed equation is f    0
x
3+3+3 = (++) [(++)2 - 3( +  +)] + 3 : 13 :
1 3 7 5
 4  3  2  2  0
= (-p) [(-p)2 - 3(q)] + 3(-r) x x x x
= 3pq - p3 - 3r. - 3x + 7x2 + 5x3 - 2x4 = 0
2x4 - 5x3 - 7x2 + 3x - 1 = 0.

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 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

19. Find the algebraic equation whose roots are

3 times the roots of x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 1 = 0.
A: Given equation is f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 4x + 1 = 0.
Required transformed equation is f (x/3) = 0

x3 2x2 4x
 + - +1 = 0
27 9 3
x3 + 6x2 - 36x + 27 = 0.

19(a). Find the algebraic equation whose roots

are 2 times the roots of
x 5 - 2x 4 + 3x 3 - 2x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0.
Ans. x5- 4x4+12x3-16x2 + 64x+96 = 0.

20. If    are the roots of the equation

x3 + 2x2 - 4x - 3 = 0, find the equation whose
α β 
roots are , , .
3 3 3
A: Given equation is f(x) = x3 + 2x2 - 4x - 3 = 0
Required transformed equation is f(3x) = 0
27x3 + 2(9x2) - 4(3x) - 3 = 0 3
9x3 + 6x2 - 4x - 1 = 0.

21.Find the equation whose roots are squares of

the roots of x3 + 3x2 - 7x + 6 = 0.
A: Given equation is f(x) = x3 + 3x2 - 7x + 6 = 0.
Required transformed equation is f( x ) = 0
3 2
 ( x ) + 3( x ) - 7 x + 6 = 0

 x x + 3x - 7 x + 6 = 0

 x (x - 7) = -(3x + 6)
Squaring on both sides,
x(x2 - 14x + 49) = 9x2 + 36x + 36
x3 - 14x2 + 49x - 9x2 - 36x - 36 = 0
x3 - 23x2 + 13x - 36 = 0.

AIMSTUTORIAL : 14 : 9000687600 QNO: 5

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

1. If nP4 = 1680, then find n. 6. If 12P5 + 5. 12P4 = 13Pr, find r.

A: nP4 = 1680 A: Given that 12P5 + 5. 12P4 = 13 Pr
n(n-1)(n - 2) ( n - 3) = 168 x 10 Comparing this with n-1Pr + r.n-1Pr - 1 =nPr
= 8 x 21 x 10 Here r = 5.
=8 x7x3 x5x2 7. Find the number of injections of set A with
=8x7 x6x5 5 elements to a set B with 7 elements.
 n = 8. A. Given that n(A) = 5, n(B) = 7.
Number of injections formed from set A to set
1(a).If nP3 = 1320, then find n. B
Ans: 12 = n(B)Pn(A)
= 7P5
2. If nP7 = 42 . nP5, then find n. =7x6x5x4x3
A: Given that nP7 = 42. nP5 = 2520.
n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)(n - 4)(n - 5)(n - 6) 8. Find the number of 4 letter words that can be
= 42. n(n - 1) (n - 2) ( n - 3) (n - 4) formed using the letters of the word ‘PISTON’
(n - 5) (n - 6) = 42 in which atleast one letter is repeated.
(n - 5) (n - 6) = (7) (6) A: Number of 4 letter words that can be formed using
n - 5 = 7 the letters of the word ‘PISTON’ in which atleast
n = 12. one letter is repeated = nr - nPr
= 6 4 - 6P 4
3. If n+1P5 : nP6 = 2 : 7, find n = 1296 - 360
n 1 P 2
5
 = 936.
A: n 7
P6
7.n+1P5 = 2. nP6 9. Find the number of w ays of arranging
7.(n+1) n(n -1) (n - 2) (n - 3) 7 persons around a circle.
= 2. n(n -1) ( n - 2) (n - 3) ( n - 4) (n - 5) A: Number of ways of arranging 7 persons around a
7(n + 1) = 2(n - 4) ( n - 5) circle = (n - 1)!
7n + 7 = 2(n2 - 9n + 20)
= ( 7 - 1)!
2n2 - 25n + 33 = 0
2n2 - 3n - 22n + 33 = 0 = 6!
n(2n - 3) - 11(2n - 3) = 0 = 720.
(n - 11) (2n - 3) = 0
n = 11 or n = 3/2 is not possible 10. Find the number of chains that can be
n = 11. prepared using 7 different coloured beads.
A: Number of chains that can be prepared using 7
3(a).If n+1P5 : nP5 = 3 : 2, then find n. differnt coloured beads
Ans : 14. = ½ (n - 1)!
4. If 18Pr - 1 : 17Pr - 1 = 9 : 7, find r. = ½ ( 7 -1)!
18
Pr 1 9 = ½ x 720

A: 17 P
r 1 7 = 360.

7. 18Pr - 1 = 9. 17Pr - 1

10(a).Find the number of ways of preparing a
18! 17!
7.  9. chain with 6 different coloured beads.
[18  (r  1)]! [17  (r  1)]!
7.(18)(17!) 9(17!) 5!
 Ans: = 60 .
 2
(19  r)(18  r)! (18  r)!
14 = 19 - r
11. Find the number of ways of arranging the
r = 5.
letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’.
5. If 12Pr = 1320, find r. A: Number of ways of arranging the letters of the
A: 12Pr = 1320 : 15 :
word ‘MATHEMATICS’
= 132 x 10
= 12 x 11 x 10 11!
= since it contains M’s - 2, A’s - 2, T’s - 2
= 12 P3 2!2!2!
 r = 3.
.

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 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

12. Find the number of ways of arranging letters

of the word ‘ASSOCIATIONS’. 14.Find the number of ways in which 4 letters
can be put in 4 addressed envelopes so that
A: Given word ‘ASSOCIATIONS’ contains no letter goes into the envelop meant for it.
A’s - 2, S’s - 3, O’s - 2, I’s - 2. A: Formula : The number of dearrangements of ‘n’
Number of ways of arranging the letters of the distinct things is
1 1 1 1 n 1
12! n!      ...........  1
given word =
2!3!2!2!
.  2! 3! 4! 5! n! 

Required number of ways =

13.Find the number of ways of arranging the 1 1 1
letters of the word  4!    
 2! 3! 4! 
i) INDEPENDENCE
ii) INTERMEDIATE 1 1 1 
 24    
iii) PERMUTATION  2 6 24 
iv) COMBINATION
12  4  1
 24  
A: Given word INDEPENDENCE contains 12 letters  24 
= 9.
In which there are 3N’s, 2D’s, 4E’s
The number of required arrangements
12!
=
3!2!4!
ii) The no. of letters in the word
‘INTERMEDIATE’ = 12
In this there are 2I’s, 2T’s, 3E’s.
The number of required arrangements

12!
= .
2!2!3!

iii) Given word ‘PERMUTATION’ contains 11

letters
in which there are 2T’s
(11)!
The number of required arrangements = .
2!
iv) Given word ‘COMBINATION’ contains 11
letters.
In which there are 2O’s, 2I’s, 2N’s
 The number of required arrangements =
(11)! (11)!

2!2!2! (2!)3 .

AIMSTUTORIAL : 16 : 9000687600 QNO: 6

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

1. If nC5 = nC6 , then find 13Cn. 6. Find the value of 10C5 + 2.10C4 + 10C3
A: Given that nC5 = nC6 A: 10C5 + 2.10C4 + 10C3
r = s or n = r + s = {10C5 + 10C4} + {10C4 + 10C3}  nCr + nCr-1 = n+1Cr
= 11C5 + 11C4
Here 5  6, n = 5 + 6 = 11
1
= 12C5
13.12
 13Cn = 13C111 = 13C2 = 2
= 78.
7. Find the number of ways of selecting 4 boys
and 3 girls from a group of 8 boys and 5 girls.
2. If 12Cr+1 = 12C3r - 5, find r. A: The no. of ways of selecting 4 boys from 8 boys is
A: Now Cr+1 = C3r-5
12 12
C4.
8

r = s or n = r + s. The no. of ways of selecting 3 girls from 5 girls is 5C3.

r + 1 = 3r - 5 12 = r + 1 + 3r - 5 Total no. of selections = 8C4 . 5C3
2r = 6 4r = 16 8x7x6x5 5x4x3
 .  70 x 10  700 .
r = 3 r=4 4 x3 x2x1 3 x2x1
8. Find the number of ways of selecting 3 vowels
 r = 3 or 4. and 2 consonants from the letters of the word
2(a). If 15C2r-1 = 15C2r + 4, find r. Ans : 3. ‘EQUATION’.
A: Given word ‘EQUATION’ contains 5 vowels and
2(b). If 12Cs+1 = 12C2s -5, find s. Ans : 6.
3 consonants.
2(c). If 17C2t+1 = 17C3t -5, find t. Ans : 6. Number of ways of selecting 3 vowels and
3. If 10.nC2 = 3.n+1C3, find n. 2 consonants from 5 vowels and 3 consonants
A: Given that 10. C2 = 3.
n n+1
C3 = 5C 3 x 3C 2
n(n - 1) 3(n  1)n(n  1) = 10 x 3
 10 
2 6
= 30.
10 = n + 1
n = 9. 9. Find the number of diagonals of a polygon
with 12 sides.
4. If nC4 = 210, find n.
210x24 A: Number of sides = 12
A: nC4 =
24 n(n  3)
21x10 x 8 x 3 No. of diagonals =
= 2
4! 12 x 9
7x3 x 10 x 8 x 3 =
= 2
4!
= 54.
10 x 9 x 8 x 7
=
4! 10. Find the number of positive divisiors of 1080.
= 10C4
n = 10. A: 1080 = 10 x 108
= 10 x 9 x 12
5. If nPr = 5040 and nCr = 210, find n and r. = 2 x 5 x 3 2 x 22 x 3
n
Pr 5040 = 23 x 33 x 51
A: We know that r! = n =
Cr 210 = 24 = 4!
Number of positive divisors of 1080
 r = 4.
Also nP4 = 5040 = (3 + 1) ( 3 + 1) (1 + 1)
= 10 x 504 = 32.
= 10 x 9 x 56 : 17 :
= 10 x 9 x 8 x 7
= 10P4
 n = 10.

AIMSTUTORIAL : 17 : 9000687600 QNO: 7

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

7
1. Find the number of terms in (2x + 3y + z) 7.  2x2 5 
5. Find the coefficient of x in  3 -  . -7
A: Number of terms in (2x + 3y + z) 7  4x5 
7
(n +1)(n + 2)  2x2 5 
= A: In  3 - 5  ,
2!
 4x 
(7 +1)(7 + 2)

 
7-r
=  2x2  r
2 -5
Tr + 1 = C r .  3 
7

8.9   4x5
=
2
= 36. = 7C r .
3   
2 7 - r -5 r
4
. x14 - 7r
To get the coefficient of x-7,
9
 2x 3y  14 - 7r = 7
2. Write down and simplify 6 term in  + . th
 3 2  7r = 21
A: 6 term = T6 = T5 + 1.
th r=3
 Coefficient of x-7
9 5 5 4 5

  
9  2x   3y  9  2x   3y  7-3 3
= C5    2   C5  3   2  = 7C 3
2 -5
 3        3 4
3  4 5 4 5  24   53 
= 126.   x y  189 x y . = -35  4   3 
2 3  4 
-4375
= .
324
3. Find the 3rd term from the end in the expansion 10
 x 4 
 -2 3 
8
6. Find the term independent of x in   2 .
 3 x 
of  x - 2  .
3

 x  10  r r
10  x  4
A: General term Tr 1  Cr .    2 
 3  x 
8
 2 3 
A: In  x  2  , 3rd term from the end
3
x  10  4 r 102r  2r
  Cr 10 r .x
3
= T7
10  r
= T6 +1 To get the term independent of x,  2r  0 .
2
= 8C6 (x-2/3)8-6 (-3/x2)6 10 - 5r = 0  r = 2.
= 8C2 x x-4/3 x 36/x12  Term independent of x
= 8C2 x 36/x40/3. 10  4 2
= C2
38

4. Find the coefficient of x-6 in (3x - 4/x)10 45 x 16 80

 8
 .
A: Tr + 1 = Cr (3x)
10 10-r
(-4/x) r
3 729
= Cr .3
10 10-r
(-4) . x
r 10 - r - r 7. Find the middle terms in the expansion of
. 11
 3 
To get the coefficient of x-6,  4a + b  .
 2 
10 - 2r = - 6  3 
11
A: Given expansion is  4a  b  .
 2r = 16  2 
r = 8 Here n  11 , odd
Coefficient of x-6 = 10C8 . 32. (-4)8 T111 T113
So, middle terms are ,  T6 , T7 .
= 10C2 . 32 . 48. 2 2
5
115 3 
T6  T5 1 11C5  4a   5 b
 
5 5
11 3 3
 C5 46.a6 .   . b2 11 C5 .46.   a6 b6
2
  2

AIMSTUTORIAL : 18 : 9000687600 QNO: 8

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

6 11.If A and B are coefficients of xn in the expansion

11 6 3 
T7  T6 1  C6  4a 
11
 b of (1 + x)2n and (1 + x)2n-1 respectively, then find
5 
A
6 6
the value of .
11 3 3 B
 C5 45.a5 .   . b6 11C6 .45.   a5 b6 . A: A = coefficient of xn in (1 + x)2n = 2nCn.
2 2
B = Coefficient of xn in (1 + x)2n - 1 = 2n - 1Cn.
8. Find the middle term in the expansion of A 2n
Cn  2n !  2n  1  n !n!
  x
 3x 
10 B 2n 1
Cn  2n  n !n!  2n  1!
 7  2y  .
   2n! n  1!n!  2n  2n  1! n  1 n!
 x  x
A: Here n  10 , even n!2  2n  1! n!n n  1!  2n  1!
So, middle term  T10  T5 1 . 2n
2
1  2.
n
10 5
 3x 
.  2y 
5
 T51 10 C5 .  
 7  12.If the coefficients of (2r + 4)th and (r - 2)nd terms
5 5
in the expansion of ( 1 + x)18 are equal, find r.
 3x  6
  C5 .   .  2y   10 C5 .   x 5 y 5 
10 5
A: In ( 1 + x)18 , T2r + 4 = T(2r + 3) + 1
 7  7
= 18C2r + 3

9. Find the numerically greatest terms in the Tr - 2 = T(r - 3) +1

expansion of (3 + 2a)15 when a = 5/2. = 18Cr -3

 
15
2a But 18C2r + 3 = 18Cr - 3
A: (3 + 2a)15 = 315 1+
3
r = s n=r+s
2a 2 5 5  2r + 3 = r - 3 18 = 2r + 3 + r - 3
|x| = 3 = 3 . 2 =
3
r = - 6 18 = 3r
(n + 1) |x| (15 + 1) . 5/3
Now |x| + 1 = = 10 is not possible r=6
8/3
 |T10| and |T11| are numerically greatest.  r = 6.

 52 
9
|T10| = 15C9 36 2 . = 15C9 . 36 . 59 12(a). If the coefficients of (2r + 4) th term and
(3r + 4) th term in the expansion of (1 + x) 21

 52 
10
|T11| = 15C10 35 2 . = 15C0 . 35 . 310 are equal . Find r. Ans. 0, 3

and |T10 | = |T11|. 13.If 22Cr is the largest binomial coefficient in the
expansion of ( 1 + x)22 find the value of 13Cr .
10.Find the numerically greatest term in the
A: Largest binomial coefficient in (1 + x) 22
expansion of (3x+ 5y)12 when x = 1/2, y = 4/3.
12 = nCn/2 if n is even
 5y 
A: (3x + 5y)12 = (3x)12  1   = 22C11
 3x 
r = 11.
5 4 2 40
|x|= . .  Now 13Cr = 13C11
3 3 1 9
40
13x = 13C2
(n  1) | x | 9 520
Now | x | 1 = 49 = = 10.4 13 x 12
9 =
9 : 19 : 2
 Numerically greatest term = 78.
= | T 10 + 1 |
= | 12C10 (3.½ )12 - 10 ( 5.4/3)10 |
= 12C2. (3/2)2 (20/3)10.

AIMSTUTORIAL : 19 : 9000687600 QNO: 8

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

13(a). Find the largest binomial coefficients in the 16.Prove that C0 + 2.C1 + 22.c2 +......+2n . Cn. = 3n.
expansion of (i) (1+x)19 (ii) (1 + x)24 A: We know that C0 + C1.x + C2.x2 +......+Cn.xn =
Ans. (i) 19C9 and 19C10 (ii) 24C12 (1+x)n.
Let x  2
14. If ( 1 + 3x - 2x2 )10 = a0+ a1 x + a2x2 + .... a20 x20,
then we get
then prove that (i) a0 + a1 + a2 + .... + a20 = 210
C0  2.C1  22.C2  .........  2n.Cn  3n .
(ii) a0 - a1 + a2 - ..... + a20 = 410
A: (1 + 3x - 2x2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a20 x20
17.Prove that
Put x = 1 in the above relation,
C1 C C C n( n +1)
a0 + a1.1 + a2 .12 + .... + a20 .120 = ( 1 + 3 - 2)10 + 2. 2 + 3. 3 +......... + n. n = .
C0 C1 C2 Cn-1 2
a0 + a1 + a2 + ....... = a20 = 210
C1 C2 C3 Cn
Put x = -1 in the given relation, A: L.H.S. = C  2. C  3. C  .........  n. C
0 1 2 n 1
a0 + a1 (-1) + a2 (-1)2 + ........... + a20 (-1)20 = ( 1 - 3 - 2)10
a0 - a1 + a2 - ......... + a20 = 410 n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
n 2 3! 1
2 3  ......  n
= 1 n n(n  1) n
14(a).If (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1 + a2x2 + .......+a2nx2n, 2
then prove that = n + (n - 1) + (n - 2) + ...........+ 2 + 1.
i) a0 + a1 + a2 + ........+ a2n = 3n
n(n  1)
n = 1 + 2 + 3 ...........+ n = = R.H.S.
3 1 2
ii) a0 + a2 + a4 + ...+a2n = . 18. If n is a positive integer, then prove that
2
n

iii) a1 + a3 + a5 + .....a2n-1 =
3n  1  r.C
r =1
r = n.2n-1
2
A. (1 + x)n = C0 + C1.x + C2 x2 + C3x3 + ...........
iv) a0 + a3 + a6 + a9 + ........ = 3n-1. + Cn.xn
Differentiating with respect to x,
0 + C1.1 + C2.2x + C3.3x3 + ........... + Cn.n.xn-1
= n(1+x)n-1
15.If Cr denote nCr, then prove that Put x = 1
a C0 +(a+d) C1 + (a+2d) C2 + ......+ (a+nd) Cn C1 + 2.C2 + 3.C3 +.........+ n.Cn = n(1 + x)n-1
= (2a + nd) 2n - 1.
n
A: Let   r.Cr  n.2n1 .
S = a C0 + (a+d) C1 + (a+2d) C2 + ......+ (a+nd)Cn---(1) r 1

 Cr = Cn - r 19. Obtain the values of x for which the binomial

S = (a +nd) C0 + [a + (n - 1)d] C1 + [a + (n - 2)d] expansion of (2 + 3x)-2/3 is valid.
A: ( 2 + 3x)-2/3 = 2-2/3 ( 1 + 3x/2)-2/3
C2 + ......... + a Cn ------- (2)
The above expansion is valid if
(1) + (2) 2S = (2a + nd) C0 + (2a + nd) C1 +
| 3x/2 | < 1
(2a + nd) C2 + ..... + (2a + nd) Cn.
| x | < 2/3
2S = (2a + nd) [C0 + C1 + C2 + ...... + Cn]
 2 2 
2S = (2a + 2d)2n x   ,  .
 3 3
S = (2a + nd) 2n - 1. 20.Find the values of x for which the binomial
expansion (7 + 3x)-5 is valid.

 
-5
3x
15(a). Prove that A: (7 + 3x)-5 = 7-5 1+
7
2C0+7.C1+12.C2+.............+(5n+2)Cn = (5n+4)2n-1.
3x
The above expansion is valid if 7 < 1

|x| <
7
3
-7 7
x  3 , 3 .  

AIMSTUTORIAL : 20 : 9000687600 QNO: 8

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

20(a).Find set E of the values of x for which, the

binomial expansion (2 + 5x)-1/2is valid
 -2 2 
Ans :  ,  .
 5 5
-3 / 5
 5x 
21. Find the 8th term of  1- 
 2 
3/5
 5x 
A. In  1  
 2 
3 3  3  3 
.   1    2  ...   6  7

T8 
5 5   5   5   5x 
 
7!  2 
3 8 13 33
. . .... 7
= 8 5 5 5  5x 
 
7!  2 
7
3.8.13...33  x 
=   .
7! 2

: 21 :

AIMSTUTORIAL : 21 : 9000687600 QNO: 8

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

1. Find the mean deviation from the mean of

the following discrete data : 3, 6, 10, 4, 9, 4. Find the mean deviation about the median
10. for the data : 4, 6, 9, 3, 10, 13, 2.
A: The ascending order of the data is 2, 3, 4, 6, 9,
A: Mean of the data 3, 6, 10, 4, 9, 10 is 10, 13.
3  6  10  4  9  10 Median M = x4 = 6.
x 7
6
 xi  M
Mean deviation from the median = i 1
42
 7
6
7
4  3  2  0  3  4  7 23
 Mean deviation from the mean  = = 3.29.
7 7
6
 xi  x
i1

n 5. Find the mean deviation about median for
16 the data 13, 17, 16, 11, 13, 10, 16, 11, 18, 12,
4  1 3  3  2  3  6 17.
 A. Given data in descending order is 10, 11, 11,
6  2.67.
12, 13, 13, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18
th
2. Find the mean deviation about mean for the 11 1
Median is observation
data 38, 70, 48, 40, 42, 55, 63, 46, 54, 44. 2
A. Given data is 38, 70, 48, 40, 42, 55, 63, 46, 54, M = 13.
44. Mean deviation about median
x i 500  x i M
Arithmetic mean x   = 50. M.D. 
n 10 n
Mean deviation about mean 3  2  2  1 0  0  3  3  4  4  5
=
 xi  x 11
M.D. =
n 27
= = 2.45.
12  20  2  10  8  5  13  4  4  6 11
=
10
84 6. Find the variance for the discrete data : 6,
=
10 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 8, 12.
= 8.4. 6  7  10  12  13  4  8  12
A: Mean =
8
3. Compute the mean deviation about the
median of the data 6, 7, 10, 12, 13, 4, 12, 16. 72
A: Ascending order of the given data is 4, 6, 7, 10,  = 9.
8
12, 12, 13, 16.
8
  xi  x 
2
x  x5
Median M  4 Variance  2
 i 1
2 8
10  12
 9  4  1  9  16  25  1  9 74
2   = 9.25.
 11. 8 8

 Mean deviation from the median

8
  xi  M 7  5  4  1 1 1 2  5
 i 1 
8 8

26
 .
8  3.25

AIMSTUTORIAL : 22 : 9000687600 QNO: 9

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

7. Find the variance and standard deviation 10. If each of the observations x 1, x2, .......xn is
of the data 5, 12, 3, 18, 6, 8, 2, 10. increased by k, where k is a positive or
negative number, then show that the
5  12  3  18  6  8  2  10 variance remains unchanged.
Mean x 
8 A: For the observations x1, x2, ...........xn,
64 n
x =8  xi
8 i 1
8 2 Mean x 
  xi  x  n
i 1
Variance 2    xi  x 
2
n Variance σ12 
9  16  25  100  4  36  4 n
 n
8   xi  k 
i 1
194 Mean of new observations y 
 n
8 n
= 24.25.  xi
kn
i 1

Standard deviation = 24.25 n n
= 4.95.  x k
 Variance of new observations
n
8. The coefficient of variation of tw o
  yi  y 
2
distributions are 60 and 70 and their
σ22  i1
standard deviations are 21 and 16 n
respectively. Find their arithmetic means.
A: Let x and y be the means of given two
distributions
n n
σ   xi  k   xi  k  
2
  xi  x 
2
Coefficient of variation C.V.  x 100
x  i1
 i 1
n n
21
60  100   σ 12 .
x
Thus the variance of new observations is the
 x  35 . same as that of the original observations.
σ
For the second distribution C.V.  x 100
y
16
70  x 100
y
 y  22.85 .

9. The variance of 20 observations is 5. If each

of the observations is multiplied by 2, find
the variance of the resulting observations.
A: We know that if each observation in a data
multiplied by a constant k, then the variance of
the resulting observations is k 2 times that of
the variance of original observations.

Here each of the observation is multiplied by 2

.
 Variance of resulting observations : 23 :
= 2 (5)
2

= 4(5) = 20.

AIMSTUTORIAL : 23 : 9000687600 QNO: 9

 MATHEMATICS-2A TARGET-75

1. The probability distribution of a random  2 

variable X is   a
C 3   1  S 
1  2  1 r
X=x 0 1 2 3
 3 
P(X = x) k 3k 3k k
2C = 1
Find the value of k and the mean of X. 1
A: Given that X is a random variable. C  .
2
3
  P( X = xi) = 1 4. Define Binomial distribution.
i 0
k + 3k + 3k + k = 1 A. Definition:Let ‘n’ be a positive integer and p be a
8k = 1 real number such that 0 < p < 1. A random variable
k = 1/8 X with range {0, 1, 2, ......n} is said to follow
Let  be the mean of X. binomial distribution (or) Bernoulli distribution with
3 parameters n and p, if P (X = r) = nCr pr qn-r for
  = i x P(x = xi) r = 0,1,2,..........n where q = 1- p.
0 i
= 0(k) +1(3k) + 2(3k) + 3(k) 5. The probability that a person choosen at
= 12k random is left handed (in hand writing) is 0.1.
What is the probability that in a group of 10
12 3 people, there is one who is left handed.
==
8 2 1 9
 k = 1/8,  = 3/2 A: Here n = 10, p = 0.1 = , q = 0.9 = .
10 10
2. A random variable X has the range
 The required probability that exactly one out of
Cr 10 is left handed is P(X = 1) = nCr pr qn-r
{1, 2, 3 .........}. If P(X = r) = for r = 1, 2, 3,
r! = 10C1 p1 q10 - 1.
......, then find C. 1 9 9
A: Given that X is a random variable  1  9   9 
= 10.   .  =   .
  10  10
   10 
  P(x = r) = 1
r 1
6. The mean and variance of a binomial
 Cr distribution are 4 and 3 respectively. Find
 =1
r 1 r! P(X  1).
A: Let n, p be the parameters of the binomial
C C2 C3 distribution.
   .....  1
1! 2! 3! np = 4, npq = 3
Adding 1 on bothsides,
npq 3
q= 
C C2 np 4
1+   .....  1  1
1! 2!
3 1
ec = 2 ⇒ C =log e 2. p = 1 - q = 1 - 
4 4
Also np = 4
3. F i n d the constant C, so that n.1/4 = 4
x
2 n = 16
f(x) = C  , x = 1, 2, 3 ...... is the
3 Required probability P(X  1)
pr obability d ist ribu tion fu nc tio n of a
16
discrete random variable X. =  P(X = r)
A: Given that X is a discrete random variable r 1

16-r r
  f(x) = 1 16 3  1
x 1 =  16
Cr     .
x
r 1 4 4

 2
  C   1
x 1  3  6(a).8 coins are otssed simultaneously. Find the
2  2  2 3  probability of getting atleast 6 heads.
 2
 C  3   3    3   .....   1 37
      Ans.
256

AIMSTUTORIAL : 24 : 9000687600 QNO: 10

 AIMSTUTORIAL TARGET-75

7. If the mean and variance of a binomial variate 10. A poisson variate X satisfies P(X = 1) =
X are 2. 4 and 1. 44 respectively, then find p P(X = 2). Find P(X = 5).
and n.
A: Let  be the parameter of the poisson distribution.
A: Let n, p be the parameters of the binomial
distribution. Given that P(X = 1) = P(X = 2)
Given that np = 2.4, npq = 1.44 e 1 e 2
npq 1.44 144 12 3  
q=     1! 2!
np 2.4 240 20 5

3 2  1 
p = 1 - q = 1   2
5 5
Also np = 2.4  = 2
2 e 5
n   = 2.4 Now P(X = 5) =
5 5!
n = 6  n = 6, p = 2/5
e 2 .25
=
5!
32e2
=
120
8. Define Poisson distribution. 4e 2
= .
A. Poisson distribution: Let  = 0 be a real number. 15
A random variable, X with range {0,1,2....} is said
to follow (have) Poisson distribution with
parameter  if

e  r
P(X = r) = for r = 0,1,2......
r!

9. X follows Poisson distribution such that

P(X = 1) = 3P (X = 2). Find the variance of X.
A: Let X be the parameter of the poisson distribution.
Given that P(X = 1) = 3P(X = 2)
e 1 e  2
 3
1! 2!
3
 1 
2
2
  
3
2
Variance of X = .
3

: 25 :

AIMSTUTORIAL : 25 : 9000687600 QNO: 10