MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI.

A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Laser Printer”
DIPLOMA
IN
SECOND YEAR ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
Mr. PARTH MAHADEV
BAMANE Mr. ARFAT JAVED
CHAND Mr. SURAJ SUBHASH
MORE
Mr. VEDRAJ NAMDEV MISAL

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. H. A. PANARI
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC MAHAGAON
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
 ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

“SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC”
AP/-MAHAGAON, SITE-CHINCHEWADI, TAL-GADHONGLAJ, DIST-KOLHAPUR.

CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING STUDENTS OF SECOND YEAR
IN DIPLOMA IN ELECTRONICS & COMPUTER ENGINEERING OF INSTITUTE
SANT GAJANAN MAHARAJ RURAL POLYTECHNIC, MAHAGAON-(CODE)
416502 HAS COMPLETED MICRO PROJECT- “LASER PRINTER” IN SUBJECT
DIGITAL CONSUMER ELECTRONICS SUBJECT CODE (22482)
FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-24.

AS PRESCRIBED IN THE CURRICULUM

Roll No. Name of Student Enrollment No.

32. BAMANE PARTH MAHADEV 2209650103

Mr. H. A. PANARI Mr. M. P. PATIL Mrs. ROHINI. S. PATIL

( Project Guide ) ( Head of department ) ( Principal )
 INDEX

Sr No Topic Page No

1. Introduction 6

2. Block diagram 7

3. Schematic Diagram 8

4. Parts of Laser Printer and basic component 9

5. Printing Process 10

6. Working Principle of Laser Printer 11

7. Application and Advantage 12

8. Conclusion 13

9. Reference 14
 annexure I
Micro project proposal

A MICRO PROJECT ON "Smoke Detector".

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro project
The adoption of laser printers offers numerous aims and benefits, making them a popular
choice for both personal and professional printing needs. Here are some of the key aims and
benefits:
1. High-Speed Printing: Laser printers are renowned for their rapid printing speeds,
making them ideal for environments where quick turnaround times are essential, such as
offices, businesses, and educational institutions. This enables users to complete printing
tasks efficiently and increases overall productivity.
2. High-Quality Output: Laser printers produce sharp, clear text, and graphics with high
resolution, resulting in professional-looking documents. Whether printing text
documents, presentations, graphics, or images, laser printers consistently deliver
superior print quality, making them suitable for a wide range of printing applications.
3. Cost-Effectiveness: While laser printers may have a higher initial cost compared to
inkjet printers, they often offer lower operating costs in the long run. Laser printers are
more efficient in terms of cost per page, especially for black-and-white documents,
making them economical for frequent printing needs. Additionally, laser printers
typically require less maintenance and consumables replacement, further contributing to
cost savings over time.
4. Reliability and Consistency: Laser printers are known for their reliability and consistent
performance. They are less prone to issues such as clogging or smudging, ensuring that
they can handle continuous printing tasks without interruptions. This reliability is
crucial in professional settings where downtime can have significant consequences.
2.0 Course outcome addressed.
The laser printer course focuses on imparting students with expertise in operating laser
printers, managing print quality, troubleshooting issues, and optimizing printing costs.
Additionally, students learn about network printing, security measures, environmental
sustainability, and integrating printers into digital workflows. Ultimately, graduates
emerge proficient in efficiently utilizing laser printers and providing support in various
professional settings.
 3.0 Proposed methodology

 Focused on the selection of an appropriate topic for the micro-project.

 Select the topic i.e. Smoke Detector.

 Brief study on our topic.

 Gather all information based on the topic of the micro project.

 Following all the above methodologies we successfully completed our microproject.

4.0 Action Plan

Plan Plan Name of responsible
Sr.
Detail of activity start finish team members
No.
date date

12/03/24 15/03/24 Suraj More

1 Searching the topic for micro-project
22/03/24 24/03/24 Parth Bamane
Search information from Electronics book and from the
2 Internet.
24/03/24 28/03/24 Arfat Chand
3 Discuss with the project guide.
30/03/24 31/03/24 Vedraj Misal
4 arrange all information in ms word
01/04/24 03/03/24 Suraj More
5 Prepare a report on it using MS Word
1304/24 13/04/24 Suraj More
6. print micro project

5.0 Resources used

Sr. Name of resource material

Specifications Quantity
no.

1 Computer System 16 GB RAM, Windows 11 OS 1

2 Internet Youtube /leap.tardate.com

Consumer Electronics (22425)

3 textbook/manual 1
 annexure-II
Micro-Project Report

A MICRO PROJECT ON "Smoke Detector".

1.0 Brief Introduction/Rationale

A laser printer is a type of printer that utilizes laser technology to produce high-quality
text and graphics on paper. It works by using a laser beam to draw an image on a rotating
drum, which is then coated with toner, a fine powder that adheres to the areas exposed by
the laser. The toner is then transferred to the paper and fused onto it using heat, resulting
in a printed page.

Here's a brief introduction:-

1. Speed: Laser printers are known for their fast printing speeds, making them ideal
for high-volume printing tasks in both home and office environments. They can
produce multiple pages per minute, making them highly efficient for large print
jobs.
2. Quality: Laser printers deliver high-quality prints with sharp text and graphics. The
precision of the laser beam allows for accurate reproduction of fine details,
resulting in professional-looking documents.
3. Cost-effectiveness: While laser printers may have a higher initial cost compared to
inkjet printers, they often prove to be more cost-effective in the long run. Laser
printers typically have lower operating costs due to their efficiency and the lower
cost per page of toner compared to ink cartridges.
Rationale:

 Speed: Laser printers are known for their fast printing speeds.
 Quality: They produce high-quality prints with sharp text and fine details.
 Cost-effectiveness: Despite higher upfront costs, they offer lower long-term
printing expenses.
 Durability: Built to handle heavy workloads, they are robust and reliable.
 Versatility: Laser printers can handle various media types and offer duplex printing.
 INTRODUCTION

Laser printers marked a significant milestone in the evolution of printing technology,

fundamentally altering the landscape of document production. Originating from pioneering
research efforts at Xerox in the late 1960s, laser printers became commercially viable in the
1980s. Unlike their predecessors, laser printers utilized cutting-edge laser technology to
create electrostatic images on a photosensitive drum or belt. This innovation allowed for
rapid and precise printing, delivering sharp text and graphics with remarkable clarity.
Initially confined to business environments due to their high cost, laser printers gradually
became more affordable as manufacturing processes improved. This accessibility
facilitated their widespread adoption in homes, offices, and printing shops worldwide.
Today, laser printers are indispensable tools, offering unparalleled speed, quality, and
efficiency for a diverse range of printing needs. Their enduring popularity underscores their
enduring relevance in an increasingly digital world.

What is a laser printer?

A laser printer is a popular type of computer printer that uses a non-impact photocopier
technology where there are no keys striking the paper.When a document is sent to the
printer, a laser beam "draws" the document on a selenium-coated drum using electrical
charges. The drum is then rolled in toner, a dry powder type of ink that adheres to the
charged image on the drum. The toner is transferred onto a piece of paper and fused to the
paper with heat and pressure.

How a laser printer work?

Laser printers can be used in a home office or a small business office. Office connectivity
is typically via an Ethernet connection. In a home office or small business, a cable or Wi-Fi
are used to connect the printer to computing devices. Wi-Fi is also used to connect mobile
devices to printers for mobile printing.

Laser printers can handle both black and white and color printing, though color laser
printers are more expensive than monochrome laser printers. Typically, laser printers are
used for printing whereas newer all-in-one printers can function as a printer, copier,
scanner and fax. Many have user-friendly touchscreen displays.
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF LASER PRINTER:-

A block diagram of a laser printer typically consists of several key components

interconnected to facilitate the printing process. Here's a simplified block diagram outlining
the main components:

1. Control Panel: The user interface where printing options, settings, and status
information are displayed and controlled.

2. Input Tray: The tray where paper or other media are loaded for printing.

3. Paper Handling Mechanism: This includes rollers and feed mechanisms that move
paper through the printer during the printing process.

4. Laser Scanning Unit: The laser scanning unit comprises a laser diode, mirrors, and
lenses. It is responsible for creating the image to be printed onto the photosensitive
drum or belt.

5. Photosensitive Drum or Belt: This component receives the image from the laser
scanning unit. It is coated with a photosensitive material that reacts to light.

Fig :- Block Diagram for Laser Printer

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM: -

Fig 1: Schematic Diagram of Laser Printer.

A laser printer schematic diagram provides a visual representation of the printer's main
components and their interconnections. At the core of the printer lies the control panel,
offering user interface functionalities and control over printing options. Paper input begins
at the input tray, where various media types are loaded. The paper handling mechanism,
comprising rollers and feed mechanisms, guides the paper through the printer. Once
initiated, the laser scanning unit comes into play, utilizing a laser diode, mirrors, and lenses
to create a precise image onto the photosensitive drum or belt. This drum or belt receives
the image and transfers it to the toner cartridge, which houses the toner—a fine powder that
adheres to the charged areas on the drum or belt. The paper passes through the fusing unit,
where heat and pressure permanently fuse the toner onto the paper. Finally, the printed
documents are collected at the output tray. This schematic serves as a simplified
representation, omitting finer details such as power supplies, controllers, sensors, and
interfaces, which are integral but not explicitly shown for clarity.
PARTS OF LASER PRINTER:-

1. Organic Photo conducting Cartridge (OPC) drum.

2. Paper transport rollers move paper through printer.
3. Primary corona- (Charging Wire).
4. Transfer corona.
5. Fusing roller 6. Controller
6. Power supply

BASIC COMPONENTS:-
Here are the basic components:-
1. Laser: The laser is the primary component that creates the image on the printer’s
drum. It emits a beam of light that is modulated to form the desired patterns.

2. Drum: The drum is a cylindrical component usually made of photosensitive

material. The laser beam selectively charges areas on the drum, forming an
electrostatic image of the document to be printed.

3. Toner Cartridge: The toner cartridge contains the powdered ink (toner) that is
transferred onto the paper to create the printed image. The toner is attracted to the
charged areas on the drum, adhering to the electrostatic image.

4. Fuser Assembly: After the toner is transferred onto the paper, it passes through the
fuser assembly. This component uses heat and pressure to melt the toner particles,
fusing them permanently onto the paper, thus creating the final printed image.

5. Paper Tray: Laser printers typically have one or more paper trays where the paper is
loaded for printing. These trays can usually hold standard-sized paper, and some
printers may have multiple trays for different paper sizes or types.

6. Transfer Roller: The transfer roller helps to transfer the toner from the drum onto the
paper. It applies pressure to the paper as it passes through the printer, ensuring that
the toner is firmly bonded to the paper.
PRINTING PROCESS:-
The printing process of a laser printer involves several steps, from data processing to
producing the final printed document. Here's a detailed overview of the printing process:

1. Data Processing:
 The printing process begins when a user sends a document or image to be printed from
a computer or another digital device.
 The data is processed by the printer's internal processor. This includes interpreting the
print job, formatting the data, and rasterizing the image (converting it into a series of
dots).
2. Charging:
 The surface of the photosensitive drum inside the printer is given a uniform negative
charge by a charging corona wire or roller.
3. Writing:
 A laser beam, controlled by the printer's electronics, scans across the surface of the
drum. Wherever the laser beam hits, the charge on the drum is neutralized, creating an
electrostatic image of the printed page on the drum.
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LASER PRINTER:-

A laser printer operates on the principle of electrostatic printing. It begins by processing

digital data from a computer, converting it into a raster image. The printer's internal
processor guides a laser beam across a photosensitive drum, neutralizing its negative
charge and creating an electrostatic image of the document. Toner, positively charged
particles, adhere to the neutralized areas on the drum, forming a toner image. A sheet of
paper is then fed near the drum, and a transfer mechanism applies a strong positive charge,
attracting the toner particles onto the paper. The paper with the toner image passes through
heated rollers in the fuser assembly, melting and fusing the toner onto the paper
permanently. Any residual toner on the drum is cleaned off, and the printed paper is
ejected. This precise and efficient process allows laser printers to produce high-quality text
and images quickly, making them widely used in both home and office environments.

Components of a laser printer:-

 Laser
 Drum
 Toner Cartridge
 Fuser Assembly
 Paper Tray
 Transfer Roller
 Cleaning Blade/Brush
 Control Panel
 Processor and Memory
 Interface
APPLICATIONS: -

1. Home printing for documents and photos.

2. Home office use for professional-quality printing.
3. Enhancing home entertainment setups with custom prints.
4. Personal projects like crafting and scrapbooking.
5. Supporting remote learning with printed materials.
6. Creating personalized gifts such as cards and calendars.
7. Facilitating DIY electronics projects with PCB printing.

ADVANTAGE:-

1. Speed: Laser printers are fast, especially for text documents, making them efficient
for high-volume printing tasks.

2. Quality: They produce high-quality prints with sharp text and precise graphics,
suitable for professional documents and presentations.

3. Reliability: Laser printers offer consistent performance over time, ensuring reliable
printing results with minimal downtime.

4. Cost-effectiveness: While initial costs may be higher, laser printers often have lower
per-page printing costs, especially for black-and-white prints.

5. Longevity: Laser printers typically have higher-capacity toner cartridges, reducing

the frequency of replacements and long-term operating costs.

6. Duplex Printing: Many laser printers support automatic duplex printing, saving paper
and reducing environmental impact.
CONCLUSION:-

Laser printers offer a range of advantages that make them indispensable in various settings,
including offices, homes, and businesses. With their high-speed printing capabilities,
consistent performance, and high-quality output, laser printers excel at meeting the
demands of modern printing needs. Additionally, their cost-effectiveness, longevity, and
versatility in handling different media types contribute to their widespread adoption.
Whether for producing professional documents, supporting educational endeavors, or
facilitating personal projects, laser printers continue to play a vital role in enhancing
efficiency and productivity. Overall, laser printers represent a reliable and efficient solution
for printing tasks, making them a preferred choice for individuals and organizations alike.

REFERENCE: -

https://global.canon/en/technology/laser-printer2021s.html
https://www.tonergiant.co.uk/blog/2016/12/how-laser-printers-work-ultimate-guide/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printing
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/laser-printer