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Chapter 9 Computer

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93 views6 pages

Chapter 9 Computer

Uploaded by

shihabsince99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 9: NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS

Defining Computer Networks


A computer network connects computers and devices to share information and
resources. It involves hardware, software, and connections, allowing them to
communicate and collaborate.

Why Computer Networks?


Computer networks are crucial for sharing information and tasks, making
everything available to everyone on the network, no matter where they are.
They also ensure reliability with backup sources, reduce costs by sharing
resources, and allow for gradual growth as more work is added. Networks are
also a powerful way for people far apart to communicate.

Uses of Computer Networks


• 1.Share resources, such as hard drives, printers, scanners, etc., to get more
use out of office equipment.
• 2.Share data on a central server, where all data is collected.
• 3.Share files in electronic form to reduce printing costs and paper waste.
• 4.Share software with multi-user licenses.
•5. Perform data backups quicker and easier with files on shared drives.
• 6.Exchange information via an internal network.
• 7.Allow access to the Internet.
• 8.Use the network and the Internet to allow access to data from anywhere in
the world
Benefits and Limitations of Computer Networks

Benefits -
• Increase employee productivity
• Reduce office equipment costs
• Backup and protect your data
• Communicate better with customers
• Provide access to your data 24-hours a day
• Cost-Effective Resource Sharing
• Make Business Processes efficient and simple.
• Freedom to Choose the Right Tool
• Powerful, Flexible Collaboration between Companies
• Improved Customer Relations
• Secure Management of Sensitive Information
• All around the world, quick access to information.
Limitations-
• At first, setting up a network to share things can be difficult.
• Network cabling can be difficult to manage
• Shared Internet access may not perform as per satisfaction.
• Network connections drop unexpectedly
• Network is too insecure/unsafe
Computer Network Types
A computer network is when computers connect to each other, letting them
talk and share things like resources, data, and applications.

A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is


mainly of four types:
LAN(Local Area Network)
PAN(Personal Area Network)
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN(Wide Area Network)

LAN (Local Area Network)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a number of computers linked in a small space


like a building or office.
LAN connects personal computers with affordable hardware like hubs and
ethernet cables. It's budget-friendly, transfers data super fast, and offers high
security.
PAN (Personal Area Network)
A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network for one person, usually within 10
meters.
It connects personal devices like laptops and phones.
Thomas Zimmerman introduced the idea, and it covers about 30 feet.
Personal Computer Devices like laptops, phones, media players, and
playstations help create a Personal Area Network.

There are two types of Personal Area Network:


Wired Personal Area Network
Wireless Personal Area Network
Wireless Personal Area Network: A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) is
made with wireless technologies like WiFi and Bluetooth. It has a short range.
Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal Area Network is created by
using the USB.
Body Area Network: Body Area Network is a network that moves with a
person. For example, a mobile network moves with a person.
Offline Network: An offline network, also called a home network, is set up
inside the home to connect devices like printers, computers, and TVs. However,
these devices are not connected to the internet.
Small Home Office: It helps to connect different devices to the internet and a
network using a VPN.
MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a big network that connects different


local networks over a larger area.
Governments use MAN to connect with citizens and private industries. Various
LANs in MAN connect through telephone exchange lines, and
it uses protocols like RS-232 and Frame Relay. MAN has a larger range than a
Local Area Network (LAN).
Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network:
MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city.
It can be used in booking an airline ticket..
It can be used in a college within a city.
It can also be used for communication in the military.

WAN(Wide Area Network)

Wide Area Network (WAN) is a huge network covering large areas like countries.
It's bigger than a Local Area Network (LAN) .
 WAN isn't limited to one place; it spreads across big areas using things like
telephone lines, fiber optic cables, or satellites.
 It is used in businesses, government, and education. The internet is a famous
example of a WAN.

Examples Of Wide Area Network:


Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region or country.
Last mile: A telecom company connects homes with fiber to give internet
services to customers in many cities.
Private network: A bank uses a private network which connects 44 offices. They
make it using telephone leased lines from a telecom company.
Advantages Of Wide Area Network

Following are the advantages of the Wide Area Network:


1. Geographical area: Wide Area Networks (WANs) cover large areas,
connecting different cities or branches.
 Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different city then we can connect
with them through WAN.
 The internet provides a leased line through which we can connect with
another branch.
2.Centralized data: In case of WAN network, data is centralized. Therefore, we
do not need to buy the emails, files or back up servers.
3.Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server. Therefore, the
programmers get the updated files within seconds.
4.Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted fast. The
web application like Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows you to communicate
with friends.
5.Sharing of software and resources: In WAN network, we can share the
software and other resources like a hard drive, RAM.
6.Global business: We can do the business over the internet globally.
7.High bandwidth: Using leased lines for our company provides high bandwidth,
Increasing data transfer speed and increasing productivity.
Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:

The following are the disadvantages of the Wide Area Network:


1.Security issue: WANs have more security issues than LANs and MANs because
they combine various technologies, Its creates security problems.
2.Needs Firewall & antivirus software: Data on the internet can be hacked, It
needs the use of firewalls for protection. Antivirus software is necessary to
prevent virus injections.
3.High Setup cost: An installation cost of the WAN network is high as it involves
the purchasing of routers, switches.
4.Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the problem is
difficult.

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