The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as systems that connect multiple devices for information sharing. It discusses different network architectures, specifically Peer-To-Peer and Client/Server models, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it categorizes networks by size into LAN, MAN, and WAN, detailing their characteristics, uses, and associated benefits and challenges.
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Lec 19 Computer Networks (2)
The document provides an overview of computer networks, defining them as systems that connect multiple devices for information sharing. It discusses different network architectures, specifically Peer-To-Peer and Client/Server models, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it categorizes networks by size into LAN, MAN, and WAN, detailing their characteristics, uses, and associated benefits and challenges.
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ِب ْس ِم الل ِه ال َّر ْح ٰم ِن ال َّر ِح ْي ِم
APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
Computer Networks Lecture # 19
Department of Computer Science
Computer Networks • A computer network is a system that connects two or more computing devices for transmitting and sharing information. These devices are connected using physical wires such as fiber optics, but they can also be wireless. OR • A computer network is a set of devices connected through links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any device capable of sending or receiving the data. The links connecting the nodes are known as communication channels. Computer network features Communication speed File sharing Backup and Rollback is easy Software and Hardware sharing Security Scalability Reliability Computer Network Architecture Computer Network Architecture is defined as the physical and logical design of the software, hardware, protocols, and media for the transmission of data. Simply we can say that how computers are organized and how tasks are allocated to the computer. The two types of network architectures are used: 1. Peer-To-Peer network 2. Client/Server network Peer-To-Peer network Peer-to-peer network is a network in which all the computers are linked together with equal privilege and responsibilities for processing the data. Special permissions are assigned to each computer for sharing the resources, but this can lead to a problem if the computer with the resource is down. Peer-to-peer network has no dedicated server. Peer-to-peer networks are useful for small environments, usually up to 10 computers. Advantages of Peer-To-Peer Network It is less costly as it does not contain any dedicated server. If one computer stops working but, other computers will not stop working. It is easy to set up and maintain as each computer manages itself. Disadvantages of Peer-To-Peer Network In the case of Peer-To-Peer network, it does not contain a centralized system. Therefore, it cannot back up the data as the data is different in different locations. It has a security issue as the device is managed itself. Client/Server Network Client/Server network is a network model designed for the end users called clients, to access the resources such as songs, video, etc. from a central computer known as Server. The central controller is known as a server while all other computers in the network are called clients. A server performs all the major operations such as security and network management. A server is responsible for managing all the resources such as files, directories, printer, etc. Client/Server Network All the clients communicate with each other through a server. For example, if client1 wants to send some data to client 2, then it first sends the request to the server for the permission. The server sends the response to the client 1 to initiate its communication with the client 2. Advantages Of Client/Server network A Client/Server network contains the centralized system. Therefore we can back up the data easily. A Client/Server network has a dedicated server that improves the overall performance of the whole system. Security is better in Client/Server network as a single server administers the shared resources. It also increases the speed of the sharing of resources. Disadvantages of Client/Server network Client/Server network is expensive as it requires a server with large memory. A server has a Network Operating System(NOS) to provide the resources to the clients, but the cost of NOS is very high. It requires a dedicated network administrator to manage all the resources. Computer Network Types Computer Network Types A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and share its resources, data, and applications. Computer Network Types A computer network can be categorized by their size. A computer network is mainly of Three types: LAN (Local Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) LAN (Local Area Network) Local Area Network is a group of computers connected to each other in a small area such as a building, or office. LAN is used for connecting two or more personal computers through a communication medium such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc. It is less costly as it is built with inexpensive hardware such as hubs, network adapters, and ethernet cables. LAN (Local Area Network) The data is transferred at an extremely faster rate in the Local Area Network. Local Area Network provides higher security. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network. Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private industries. In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone exchange line. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) The most widely used protocols in MAN are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, OC-3, ADSL, etc. It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN). Uses of Metropolitan Area Network MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city. It can be used in an Airline Reservation. It can be used in a college within a city. It can also be used for communication in the military. WAN (Wide Area Network) A Wide Area Network is a network that extends over a large geographical area such as states or countries. A Wide Area Network is quite a bigger network than the LAN. A Wide Area Network is not limited to a single location, but it spans a large geographical area through a telephone line, fiber optic cable or satellite links. WAN (Wide Area Network) The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world. A Wide Area Network is widely used in the field of Business, government, and education. Examples of Wide Area Network Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is widely used across a region or country. Last mile: A telecom company is used to provide the internet services to the customers in hundreds of cities by connecting their home with fiber. Private network: A bank provides a private network that connects the 44 offices. This network is made by using the telephone leased line provided by the telecom company. Advantages of Wide Area Network Geographical area: A Wide Area Network provides a large geographical area. Suppose if the branch of our office is in a different city then we can connect with them through WAN. The internet provides a leased line through which we can connect with another branch. Centralized data: In the case of a WAN network, data is centralized. Therefore, we do not need to buy the emails, files, or backup servers. Get updated files: Software companies work on the live server. Therefore, the programmers get the updated files within seconds. Advantages of Wide Area Network Exchange messages: In a WAN network, messages are transmitted fast. Web application like Facebook, WhatsApp, and Skype allows you to communicate with friends. Sharing of software and resources: In the WAN network, we can share the software and other resources like a hard drive, and RAM. Global business: We can do business over the internet globally. High bandwidth: If we use the leased lines for our company then this gives the high bandwidth. The high bandwidth increases the data transfer rate which in turn increases the productivity of our company. Disadvantages of Wide Area Network Security issue: A WAN network has more security issues as compared to a LAN and MAN network as all the technologies are combined creating a security problem. Needs Firewall and antivirus software: The data is transferred on the internet which can be changed or hacked by the hackers, so the firewall needs to be used. Some people can inject the virus into our system so antivirus is needed to protect from such a virus. Disadvantages of Wide Area Network High Setup cost: The installation cost of the WAN network is high as it involves the purchasing of routers, and switches. Troubleshooting problems: It covers a large area so fixing the problem is difficult.