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Phs I Cology

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dd86v7vnyk
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Alfaro 1

Daniela Alfaro

Geography

10 May 2024

Sigmund Freud made important contributions to the field of psychology,


creating an understanding of the human mind. He developed psychoanalysis, a theory of
personality that had and has had great importance to this day in psychology.

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist of Jewish origin, the father of


psychoanalysis and one of the greatest intellectual figures of the 20th century. His
scientific interest from the beginning was to be a researcher in the field of neurology,
but in his course he progressively moved towards the psychology of mental disorders,
becoming the father of psychoanalysis, dedicating the rest of his life to it. Freud's theory
also introduced the idea of defense mechanisms, such as repression and projection, that
help people cope with anxiety and protect themselves from painful emotions.

Psychoanalysis evolved over time and is currently treated as a followed and


habitual psychotherapeutic orientation whether in children, adolescents, adults, groups,
families, and more, it is carried out face-to-face and in short-term therapies.
Psychoanalysis teaches us that the richness, complexity, and variety of emotions that
occur in every human psyche begin at birth, first contact with the mother, and later in
development on the following site theravive.com explains a little more in depth what
Psychoanalysis is, “The goal of Freudian Psychoanalysis is to understand the
personality through levels of awareness and our three minds: conscious, preconscious
and unconscious. The conscious mind is everything that we are aware of and is also the
part of our mentality that uses rationality”.

For Freud, it was the result of destructive impulses and the pursuit of pleasure.
To explain the mental apparatus he used the metaphor of the iceberg, which is divided
into: the id, the most primitive part of the human being, formed by impulses, the
superego, formed by social norms and learned restrictions, and the ego, the middle part
that balances impulses and rules. Another of Freud's contributions was that he
determined that simply talking about problems can help calm them down. According to
this theory, Freud believed that our mental states are influenced by two competing
forces (cathexis and counter cathexis), along with the instincts of life and death.
Cathexis is described as the investment of mental energy in a person, idea, or object.
Counter cathexis involves the ego blocking the socially unacceptable demands of the id.
Impulse and desire suppression is a common form of Anti cathexis, but it requires a
significant investment of energy. He proposed five models for conceptualizing
personality: topographical, dynamic, economic, genetic, and structural. These are
Alfaro 2

intended to form a complete plan in which the personality of each of us can be


illuminated. According to their assumptions, personality It is a network of concepts,
theories, and explanations about thoughts, mental energy, and human nature. His
theoretical approach holds that each person's way of being is the result of an internal
conflict.

In his most popular work first published in 1900, called The Interpretation of
Dreams, he defined dreams as the unconscious world in which childhood fantasies and
desires seek to be realized. That is, when a person sleeps, their mental activities are
driven by the subconscious mind, trying to satisfy things that won't happen in real life.
One of the ideas in this book was that dreams, which may seem mysterious to most
people, acquired meaning thanks to Freud, who saw dreams as codifications of
unconscious desires, anyone who understands dreams can use this knowledge to treat
mental disorders, or at least discover their causes, two opposing forces: The
unconscious tries to impose content on the dreamer, while the force of censorship
distorts these dreams. The book marks Freud's first major effort to present his theory of
a dynamic unconscious, formed in childhood, that constantly influences the human
mind. According to Freud, dreams are a mental activity that follows its own logic. By
discovering its mechanisms, Freud also provided a new understanding of how the
unconscious works and its influential role in human life.

Psychosexual development is based on the libido, which is the sexual impulse


that arises from childhood and leaves traces in the unconscious, manifesting itself in
adult life. Freud, in his theory, describes the five stages of psychosexual development:
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. These stages express libido in a satisfying or
traumatic way through actions. The psychiatrist referred to drives as "a borderline
concept between the psychic and the somatic," describing them as stimuli that arise
from within the body, provoked by external excitations. The development of human
sexuality is a very interesting and wide-ranging topic. We only fall short of Freud's
psychosexual theory. While we owe a lot to the path that Freud marked in the field of
psychology, he also established many myths, especially related to female sexuality, that
we still carry with us today in a very stereotyped way of these myths.

In short, Sigmund Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis have left an indelible


mark on modern psychology. His groundbreaking approaches to the nature of the mind,
the role of the unconscious, and the importance of sexuality in human development
transformed our understanding of the mind and inspired generations of psychology
researchers and practitioners. With his bold ideas and relentless search for truth, Freud
opened new doors in the study of the human psyche and left a lasting legacy that is still
studied and debated today.
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Works Cited

1. Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams. First published in 1900.

2. Freud, Sigmund. Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. First published in


1917.

3. Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. First published in 1920.

4. McLeod, Saul. "Psychoanalysis." Simply Psychology, 2007,


www.simplypsychology.org/psychoanalysis.html.

5. Theravive. "Freudian Psychoanalysis." Theravive,


www.theravive.com/therapy/psychoanalysis-freudian-therapy.

6. Mitchell, Stephen A., and Margaret J. Black. Freud and Beyond: A History of
Modern Psychoanalytic Thought. Basic Books, 1995.

7. Gay, Peter. Freud: A Life for Our Time. W.W. Norton & Company, 1988.

8. Schacter, Daniel L., et al. Psychology. Worth Publishers, 2011.

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