Psychology 1

Exam 4 – Study Guide

1. Connor can only achieve sexual arousal by smelling his wife's perfume. Connor's symptoms are
characteristics of someone with a voyeuristic paraphilia.
A) True
B) False

2. For the third time in two months, Erica's husband rushed her to the hospital emergency room
because Erica thought she was having a heart attack. Her symptoms included a racing, pounding
heart, weakness, feeling faint, and feeling as if she were unable to breathe. Although her doctor
says she is physically healthy, Erica lives in fear of another attack. Erica is most likely suffering
from which psychological disorder?
A) specific phobia
B) panic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

3. A(n) _____ is an intense, irrational fear that is triggered by a particular object or situation.
A) panic attack
B) Panic disorder
C) phobia
D) delusion of reference

4. Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in, drew a gun, and started shooting,
killing two people before killing himself. Although Jayne was not injured in the shooting spree,
she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She
has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most
likely that Jayne is suffering from:
A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) posttraumatic stress disorder.
C) cyclothymic disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

5. Jeffrey is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment
windows sealed tightly, and refuses to allow anyone into his apartment. He carries his own
silverware which he uses when he eats away from home, and washes his hands every time he
touches anything that has been touched by someone else. Jeffrey would most likely be
diagnosed with:
A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) paranoid schizophrenia.
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) cyclothymic disorder.

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 6. Mary gave birth to a newborn son. If Mary and her newborn son were presented to the person
whose theory is Psychoanalytic Theory, Jimmy, the newborn infant would be said to be
motivated by:
A) Drive
B) the pleasure principle.
C) the reality principle.
D) The mother’s nipple

7 Self-actualization is to _____ as striving for superiority is to _____.

A) Anna Freud; Abram Maslow
B) Alfred Adler; Ron Heredia
C) Carl Rogers; Adler
D) Alfred Adler; Anna Freud

8. Samantha Garcia is an adolescent in a small town who dreams of moving to the big city and
becoming a successful business person. Because of her _____, Samantha is likely to _____ in
high school.
A) Oedipus complex; take home economics
B) possible self; take acting and voice lessons
C) unconscious conflicts; develop psychological problems
D) self-concept; strive for superiority

9. If you were to be an interviewer in a documentary about Sigmund Freud and you were able to
interview him or his daughter, they would assert that the order of a psychosexual theory as (1)
oral, (2) anal, (3) latency, (4) genital, and (5) phallic stages.
A) False
B) True

10. The acronym “DSM-IV-TR” stands for Diagnostic Syndrome Mania, IV To Remission
A) True
B) False

11. Because her baby seemed to enjoy putting so many things in his mouth, Jessica provided the
infant with many different kinds of pacifiers and chewable toys. According to Freud's theory,
Jessica is running the risk of producing _____ at the _____ psychosexual stage of development.
A) identification; phallic
B) the Oedipus complex; genital
C) fixation; oral
D) projection; anal

12. Gordon's 5-year-old son has recently become very possessive of his mother, pushing Gordon
away whenever he tries to hug his wife. Freud would probably suggest that the little boy's
behaviors reflect:
A) Electra complex
B) the latency stage of psychosexual development.
C) the Oedipus complex.
D) Phalic Stage of development

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13. Eight-year-old Alex plays almost exclusively with the other boys at his grade school. Alex's
behavior suggests that he is in the _____ stage of psychosexual development.
A) Phallic
B) Genital
C) Latency
D) Oral

14. In contrast to Freud, Carl Jung believed that:

A) there were eight stages of psychosexual development.
B) people are driven to eat and have sex only
C) men often suffer from womb envy.
D) personality continues to develop throughout the lifespan.

15. Which of the following psychoanalytic ideas has NOT been supported by empirical research?
A) Much of mental life is unconscious.
B) Children predictably progress through the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital
psychosexual stages.
C) Early childhood experiences are important to adult relationships and personality
development.
D) Some people are better than others at controlling their impulses and directing their energies
toward socially acceptable ends.

16. Two psychologists who made important contributions to the humanistic perspective on
personality were:
A) B. F. Skinner and Albert Bandura.
B) Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung.
C) Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.
D) Hans Eysenck and Raymond Cattell.

17. _____ emphasized the interaction among behavior, conscious cognitive processes, and social
experiences in his personality theory called _____.
A) Albert Bandura; social cognitive theory
B) Carl Rogers; humanistic psychology
C) Sigmund Freud; psychoanalysis
D) Raymond Cattell; the five-factor model
18. Carolina believes that learning experiences play a critical role in the development of personality,
especially in the development of a person's goals and beliefs about one's abilities. Christina's
beliefs reflect the _____ perspective of personality.
A) Psychoanalytic
B) Trait
C) social cognitive
D) Sexual

19. In psychology, the term personality refers to:

A) a person's skill in making others feel good about themselves.
B) the socially desirable characteristics that a person typically displays.
C) The way a person scores on a test
D) an individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

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20. Early in his medical career, Freud investigated the anesthetic properties of _____.
A) Cocaine
B) nitrous oxide
C) Ether
D) Morphine

21. In Freud's theory, which component of personality is present at birth and completely
unconscious?
A) the superego
B) the id
C) the archetype
D) The ego

22. At day care, 3-year-old Sara has learned that she has to wait her turn to ride on the tricycle
rather than push another child off the tricycle. Using Freud's terminology, Sara's ability to
postpone gratification in a socially acceptable way is a reflection of her _____.
A) Id and superego
B) Ego
C) Sexual desire
D) pleasure principle

23. DSM-IV-TR:
A) describes the symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for more than 199 different specific
psychological disorders.
B) is a widely used psychological test that measures a person's level of psychological distress.
C) is an annual publication of the World Health Organization that contains mortality and
suicide statistics associated with different mental disorders.
D) found that one in three adults had experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder in
the previous three months.

24. The term _____ refers to the scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of
psychological disorders.
A) DSM-IV-TR
B) Psychopathology
C) Schizophrenia
D) comorbidity prevalence

25. The acronym “DSM-IV-TR” stands for:

A) Developmental and Secondary Mental Disorders Manual, 4th Translation
B) Disorders: Simple and Multifaceted, 4th Edition, Technical Revision
C) Diagnostic Syndrome Mania, IV To Remission
D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision

26. Researcher George Gerbner and his colleagues analyzed U.S. television shows. According to
Gerbner's data, which of the following groups is portrayed most negatively on U.S. television?
A) African-Americans
B) Latino/Hispanic Americans
C) mentally ill people
D) gays and lesbians

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 27. A long-lasting anxiety disorder that develops in response to being exposed to a severe and often
life-threatening trauma is called:
A) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
B) obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
C) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
D) dysthymic disorder (DD).

28 Anita is experiencing major depression. As compared to people who are not depressed, Anita is
more likely to:
A) feel mentally sluggish and have difficulty concentrating.
B) Make great eye contact with people she encounters.
C) Dress nicely
D) Remember three items that she needs to buy at the grocery store

29. After working in Austin, Texas, for five years, Rebecca's company transferred her to an upper
management position in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Since moving to Minnesota, Rebecca is
bothered by strong feelings of despondency during the long, dark winter months. When spring
arrives in late April or May, her mood improves and she is back to normal. Rebecca's symptoms
suggest that she is experiencing:
A) seasonal affective disorder.
B) bipolar disorder.
C) Sexual desire disorder.
D) Double major depression.

30. Arnold is so preoccupied by his fear of germs that he always keeps his car and apartment
windows sealed tightly, and refuses to allow anyone into his apartment. He carries his own fork
which he uses when he eats away from home, and washes his hands every time he touches
anything that has been touched by someone else. Arnold would most likely be diagnosed with:
A) dissociative identity disorder.
B) paranoia
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D) Major Depressive Disorder

31. Ron explained to the class that all of the following are true of Social Phobia (social anxiety
disorder) except…
A) Most prevalent anxiety disorder
B) Most commonly seen among women
C) Is an irrational fear of being embarrassed judged, or critically evaluated by others
D) Experienced by many college males
32. According to the results of National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), approximately one out of
_____ American adults has experienced the symptoms of a psychological disorder at some point
in his or her lifetime.
A) 250
B) 50
C) 10
D) 2

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33. An unpleasant emotional state that involves feelings of worry, dread, apprehension, and tension,
along with heightened physical arousal, is called:
A) anxiety.
B) mania.
C) dissociation.
D) alogia.

34. For the third time in two months, Erica's husband rushed her to the hospital emergency room
because Erica thought she was having a heart attack. Her symptoms included a racing, pounding
heart, weakness, feeling faint, and feeling as if she were unable to breathe. Although her doctor
says she is physically healthy, Erica lives in fear of another attack. Erica is most likely suffering
from which psychological disorder?
A) Specific phobia
B) panic disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

35. The main symptom of a disorder called _____ is frequent, unpredictable, and unexpected panic
attacks.
A) Panic at the disco
B) panic disorder
C) Agoraphobia
D) Paraphilia

36. Erica has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder called agoraphobia at the UCLA
Medical Center for mental disorders. Erika is a college student. Erika is:
A) afraid of being out in Bruin Walk
B) afraid of having a panic attack in a public place.
C) afraid of staying in her home.
D) afraid of going to the places like the Rose Bowl

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What are the paraphilias?

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