Grade

11

PRINCIPLES OF
SPEECH WRITING
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING

1. Choosing the subject and topic

2. Analyzing the audience
3. Sourcing the information
4. Outlining and organizing the
speech content
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade
11

CHOOSING THE
SUBJECT AND TOPIC

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
The difference between subject and topic:
• Subject - is a broad area of knowledge
such as psychology, baseball, and so on.
• Topic - is some specific aspect of a
subject. If your subject “breast cancer,”
one topic can be “experiences of breast
cancer survivors in fighting the Big C.”
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
• The choice of topic may be up to
the speaker, but more often than
not, the speaker is given the topic
because it is the central theme of a
program, conference, or
presentation.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
The topic should be:
• Timely - in existence at the present time
(unless it is a historical event)
• Interesting to you - so that you will be
enthusiastic in preparing and delivering the
speech
• Interesting to your audience - so that they
will focus on your speech and nothing else

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
A topic that is:
• New is an attention grabber and may help
prevent boredom in your audience
• Controversial encourages the audience
to listen carefully so that they can choose
side or find additional reasons for
believing their chosen side.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
• In choosing a topic, you need to take into
consideration the topics you know a lot
about and those you want to know more
about.
• You can talk about topics you are familiar
with and topics you want to explore more.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
CHOOSING THE SUBJECT AND TOPIC
Now, you are ready to determine the general and
specific purposes of your speech. You can have
something like this:
Subject: Music
Topic: Music Theraphy
General Purpose: To Inform
To inform my audience about the benefits of music
Specific Purpose:
theraphy for people with psychological problems
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade
11

ANALYZING THE
AUDIENCE
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
• Before writing anything about the speech,
one must engage in analyzing the
audience.
• A speech for one occasion cannot be
simply used for another.
• There is no speech that fits any and all
occasions.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
• The audience is one of the major
factors that determine the uniqueness of
the speech.
• The demographic data of the audience
may influence the audience’s reaction to
the speech - what points to choose,
what to leave out, the words to use, etc.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
To analyze your audience, you can use some
kind of an outline like this:
1. Age - What is the average age group of your
adience?
2. Gender - Will your audience be mostly male,
female, or equal?
3. Education - What is the educational level of
your audience?
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE
4. Religion - What are the religious orientations
of your audience?
5. Culture - Is your audience alike ethnically -
that is, most are of the same race and nationality?
6. Geographic Uniqueness - Are audience
members from the same city, province,
municipality, or neighborhood?

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
ANALYZING THE AUDIENCE

7. Group Affiliation/Membership -
Do the majority of audience
members belong to the same social
group? Are they members of certain
organizations?

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade
11

SOURCING THE
INFORMATION
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
• This involves seeking out all the available
means for finding materials to support
the speech.
• Reliable resources are newspapers,
magazines, books, journals, or any
reading material full of useful information.
• Search engines (Google, Yahoo, etc.) may
also be used.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
• The best resouce are people, especially
experts or those who are expert in the field.
EXAMPLE:
A speech on “How to Take Care of Your Heart”
may be built on reading materials, but a
cardiologist may give more accurate data while
someone who suffered a heart attack can
provide real-life experiences.
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
To support your ideas in your speech, you may
choose from the following:
1. Examples - an example is a specific case
used to represent people, ideas, experiences
and so on.
2. Statistics - identify the source and use visual
aids to show statistical trends
3. Testimony/Expert Opinions - testimonies of
people who are acknowledge in the field
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
4. Anecdotes and Narratives
• Anecdotes - short and amusing stories
• Narratives - personal accounts, tales, or
experiences that are lengthier than the
anecdote
5. Comparisons - when you use comparison,
start with the similarities before tackling the
differences

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
6. Quotations - they help explain and give life to
speeches. Look for quotations that drive your
point
7. Definitions - they make the meaning of the
word clear
8. Audiovisual Aids - these materials allow you
to present your speech through the visual or
auditory channels.

Oral Communication in Context

 PRINCIPLES OF
Grade
11
SPEECH WRITING
SOURCING THE INFORMATION
Types of Audiovisual Aids that you may choose
from:
• Objects • Motion Pictures
• Models • Video Recordings
• Overhead Projector • Audio Recordings
• ChalkboardsElectronic • Computer-generated
Boards graphics
• Graphs/Charts/ • Maps
Diagrams
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade
11

OUTLINING AND
ORGANIZING THE
SPEECH CONTENT
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
There are different types of outlines that one
can use depending on how the speech is to be
organized:
1. Chronological Order
2. Sapatial Order
3. Causal Order
4. Problem-Solution Order
5. Topical Order
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
1. Chronological Order
• It narrates a series of events as they
happen.
• You can use this in speeches that:
• Tell a story
• Explain a Process
• Demonstrate how to do something
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
1. Chronological Order
Examples:
• Development of Ilocos Region from
Martial Law to the Present
• Life Story (early life, early career, life
after your career, etc.)
• How to...
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
2. Spatial Order
• Arrange the main points of your speech
from top to bottom, left to right, front to
back, or some other route.
• You can use this in describing a person,
place or thing.
e.g.: The Heritage Churches of Pampanga
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
3. Causal Order
• It involves discussion of both cause and
effect of an issue.

Example:
The Fish Kill in Laguna de Bay

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
4. Problem-Solution Order
• Explains a problem and suggests a
possible solution.

Example:
Cleaning Up Manila Bay

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
5. Topical Order
• Divides the topic into subtopics based
on importance or interest value or
simply because the topic requires it.

Example:
Social Media Have Made Us Anti-Social
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your introduction:
1. Rhetorical Question
• A rethorical question does not need to
be answered
• It just needs to be thought about or
reflected on
e.g.: What will you do if you have one million
pesos today?
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your introduction:
2. Startling Statement
• Shocking or intriguing statement
• e.g.: Do you know that smokers never
grow old?

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your introduction:
3. Quotation
• Group of words repeated by someone
other than the original author
4. Story
• It could be dramatic, suspenseful, etc.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write the body of your script
• Go into the full detail of each major point
Write your conclusion
• Summary
• Quotation
• Emotional/Dramatic Statement
• Appeal to action
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your conclusion
Summary
• The easiest way to wrap up a speech is to
give the gist of the main points of the
speech.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your conclusion
Quotation
• Choose a quotation that summarizes or
gives the essential points of your main
idea.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your conclusion
Emotional/Dramatic Statement
• Use specifically if you are writing a
persuasive speech.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Write your conclusion
Appeal to Action
• Use specifically if you are writing a
persuasive speech.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Give your speech a title
• Speech title is important because it
is the headline of your speech and
provide a big opportunity to
influence your audience.

Oral Communication in Context

 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Give your speech a title
It suggests that a speaker thinks of a title
that is:
• Pronounceable
• Includes memorable hook
• Relevant to the content of the script
Oral Communication in Context
 Grade PRINCIPLES OF
11
SPEECH WRITING
OUTLINING AND ORGANIZING THE SPEECH CONTENT
Give your speech a title
Consider the following:
• Question
• How does Facebook Affect Teenage Behavior?
• Simple expression of subject
• The Seven Rules of Highly Effective People
• Creative title
• Two Words
Oral Communication in Context
 COVERAGE OF EXAM
Grade
11

• 3 Types of Speeches According to

Purpose
• 4 Types of Speeches According to
Manner of Delivery
• 4 Principles of Writing Speech

Oral Communication in Context