OOWMUN

Converging Conceptions, Sparking Solutions

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Message from the Secretary General

Distinguished Delegates!

It is both an honor and a pleasure to extend my warmest greetings

to each of you. This year’s conference promises to be an exciting and
enriching experience, where your commitment and passion will
drive meaningful discussions and innovative solutions.

Our theme for this year, "Converging Conceptions,Sparking

Solutions” reflects the urgent need for collaborative problem-solving
in an increasingly interconnected world. You will engage in high-
level debates, negotiate resolutions, and work alongside your peers
to tackle some of the most pressing issues of our time. Your
preparation, critical thinking, and diplomacy will be key to your
success and to the overall impact of the conference.

Remember, OOWMUN is not just about the sessions and resolutions.

It is also an opportunity to learn from one another, to build networks,
and to develop skills that will serve you well beyond this conference.
Embrace this chance to engage deeply with global issues, and
approach each discussion with an open mind and a spirit of
cooperation.

I encourage you to make the most of every moment and to

contribute with enthusiasm and respect. Your involvement and
insights are what make OOWMUN’24 a dynamic and memorable
event. Best of luck, and I look forward to seeing the incredible work
you will accomplish.

Sincerely,
Anan Azeez
Secretary - General
OOWMUN’24
 General Guidelines

Working Language :-

English is the official working language of OOWMUN’23 and shall be used in all
mediums of communication and formal proceedings.

Dress Code :-

A professional formal attire is to be worn by all delegates attending the

conference.
We would recommend a neatly ironed shirt topped with a blazer and pants.
Formal pair of shoes. No, sneakers do not qualify as formal.

Powers and Responsibilities

The Secretary General :-

The Secretary General presides over the conference and all chairpersons, delegates,
and the secretariat are mandated to abide by their propositions. In the case of a
dispute, the verdict of the Secretary General will be final. Delegates may request for
the Secretary General to be summoned through a note to the dais.

The Secretariat :-

The Secretariat is presided over by the Secretary General and includes heads of all
affairs pertaining to the conference.

Delegates :-

Delegates are representatives of countries who shall debate and discuss the agendas
of their respective committees.

Chairpersons :-

Chairpersons, also referred to as the dais, or the Executive Board, preside over
committees and moderate proceedings. Their verdicts are final unless overruled by
the Secretary General. They are also responsible for maintaining decorum of the
house, and thus, are permitted to revoke speaking rights or take appropriate action
against delegates that violate the code of conduct.
Admins :-

Volunteers or runners assist chairpersons to ensure smooth functioning of the

committee, without direct involvement in committee proceedings.

Points and Motions

Points and Motions are formal requests presented by delegates for committees to
move into formal proceedings such as opening the floor for debate, adjournment of
committee, caucusing, etc.

Points :-

1) Point of Order:

A delegate may raise a Point of Order if another delegate, or the chairperson has
made a factual inaccuracy or has violated the rules of procedure.
This point may NOT interrupt the speaker.

2) Point of Information:

A Point of Information may also be referred to as a question raised by a delegate

to another when in formal debate.
This point is raised when the chair declares they are in order.
This point may NOT interrupt the speaker.

3) Point of Personal Privilege:

A Point of Personal Privilege is raised when a delegate faces issues due to

inaudibility of the speaker on the floor or wants to leave the committee room to
the washroom or the clinic.
This point MAY interrupt a speaker in the case of inaudibility of the speaker on
the floor, exclusively. In all other aforementioned cases, they may NOT interrupt
the speaker.
Chairs may choose to permit points of personal privilege via a chit inorder to not
disturb committee proceedings.

4) Point of Parliamentary Inquiry

A delegate may raise this point when he/she is uncertain of current proceedings
in committee or would like clarity on the rules of procedure.
This point may NOT interrupt a speaker.
Motions :-

1) Motion to Open the Floor for Debate:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to raise a motion to open the floor for debate.”

Generally the first motion raised in conference.

No majority is required; it passes by chair’s discretion.

2) Motion to Set the Agenda:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to raise a motion to set the agenda of the
committee to _________.”

3) Motion to Open The General Speaker’s List:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to raise a motion to open the General Speaker’s
List.”

Chairs predetermine the time per speaker which generally ranges between 45-90
seconds.

4) Motion to Suspend Committee:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to raise a motion to suspend the committee.”

This is the formal procedure to suspend debate time for the committee to go to
break or when it's done for the day.

5) Motion to Adjourn the Committee:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to raise a motion to adjourn the committee.”

This is the formal procedure to close the conference, i.e. no debate is done
henceforth.
Generally raised after the last session on the last day.

Right of Reply :-

This may be raised by a delegate immediately after another delegate’s speech if

the latter has infringed on the integrity of the former’s country, its heads of states,
leaders, etc. May also be raised if there has been a personal attack on the
delegate.
Defamatory and discriminatory remarks on another fellow delegate, the
chairperson or working staff is highly frowned upon and may lead to appropriate
action.
Yields:-

When the delegate on the floor has time remaining after his/her speech on the floor,
he/she may use the remainder of his/her time for the following yields:

1) Yield to another delegate:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to the remainder of his/her time to the
delegate of _____.”

2) Yield to Points of Information (POI):

“The Delegate of _____ would like to the remainder of his time to __(number of
POIs)__ Points of Information.

3) Yield to the chair:

“The Delegate of _____ would like to the remainder of his/her time to the chair.”

The General Speaker’s List

Once the motion to open the General Speaker’s List (GSL) has been
established, the chair would invite delegates to partake in the GSL by
announcing:

“All delegates wishing to speak on the GSL for an individual

speaker’s time of _____ seconds, please raise your placards now.”

The chair takes note of the delegates who then speak one after the
other. Delegates may send in a note to the dais to add their names, if
they are not included already.

The GSL is non-exhaustible as all debate on the agenda takes place

within it. As such, the chairs may invite more delegates to speak,
which can also include delegates who have already spoken before.

After a delegate has made his/her speech in the GSL, they are open
to yield his/her time to another delegate, to points of information or
to the dais.
 Moderated Caucus
Anytime within the GSL, the chairs may invite delegates to raise motions or
points:

“Delegates, if there are any motions or points on the floor, please raise your
placards, now.”

The chair then recognizes delegates and asks them to state their points or
motions. They are then voted upon by the committee in order of disruption.

“The delegate of ____ would like to suspend debate time to raise a motion to a
moderated caucus on the topic ____ for an individual speaker’s time of _____ and
total speaker’s time of _____.”

This motion requires a simple majority for it to pass (>50%).

The dais may deny such a motion if the topic raised is not within the scope of the
agenda.
Yields to points of information in moderated caucuses ARE permitted at
OOWMUN’23. Chairs may however deny the yield of the speaker has exhausted
his/her time.
Moderated caucuses are meant for discussions on subtopics that influence the
main agenda. They help delegates to branch out their discussion to include
issues pertaining to the main Agenda which require its own speaking time.

For instance: The main agenda could be, “Combating the Growing Influence of
Narcotics”, and an apt moderated caucus topic may be, “Discussing political
influence on drug trade”, which caters to a separate discussion which directly
influences the main agenda.

Unmoderated Caucus
“The delegate of ____ would like to suspend debate time to raise a motion to an
un-moderated caucus for a total time of _____.”

This motion requires a simple majority (>50%) or chair’s discretion to pass.

Although the committee remains in formal session during an unmoderated
caucus, delegates are free to leave their seats and engage with other delegates,
without chair moderation.

An unmoderated caucus may be raised when:

-Delegates wish to discuss potential moderated caucus topics they could raise and
debate upon .
- Delegates would like to clarify points from other delegates in their speeches or to
garner greater clarity on stances.
-To lobby, find allies and form blocs to draft resolutions.
 Resolutions
After substantive debate has been made on the agenda, the committee can now
move into drafting their resolutions.
Blocs and resolutions are formed during unmoderated caucuses which may be
extended by chair’s discretion to cover an entire session, or as deemed necessary.
The chairs may set a minimum and maximum limit to the number of resolutions
that can be presented in accordance with time constraints and diversity in
stances.
Resolutions are the crème de la crème of the committee's debates, and as such,
they need to be crafted with a high level of detail, innovation and originality.
Chairs may revoke a resolution if it has been plagiarised from previous
conferences or from actual U.N resolutions.
Blocs are formed according to a state’s foreign policy, which is the same reason
why one would not find Russia and the U.S.A in the same bloc. Although a bloc
including Russia and the U.S.A would violate either of their foreign policies, a
restriction on such a bloc formation is not in place.

Preambulatory Clauses :-

Preambulatory clauses offer a background to the agenda being discussed. They

are not debated upon when the resolutions are put forth for discussion as they
mainly highlight solutions already taken previously by the UN or comments on
substantial developments made in the agenda previously.
Preambulatory clauses begin with preambulatory verbs listed below:

A resolution requires a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 preambulatory clauses

to qualify for debate.
Operative Clauses :-

Operative clauses offer solutions to the dilemmas stated in the preambulatory

clauses and make up the crux of the resolution. All operative clauses begin with
an operative verb that are listed below:

Note: The operative verbs: Authorises, Condemns, Deplores, Strongly

Condemns, and Endorses, are beyond the mandate of all committees at
OOWMUN’23 , except the United Nations Security Council. I.e. Only
resolutions drafted in the UNSC are permitted to use these verbs.

A resolution requires a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 10 operative clauses to

qualify for debate.

Sponsors :-

Sponsors are the delegates that have rallied and significantly contributed to the
making of the resolution. Sponsors cannot abstain or vote against when voting
for their own resolutions.

A resolution requires a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 operative clauses to

qualify for debate.

Signatories :-

Signatories are delegations that may or may not agree with the clauses put forth
in the resolution, but want the resolution to be presented for debate.

A resolution requires a minimum a third of the committee as signatories to

qualify for debate.
Resolution Format :-

Resolution Paper

Committee:
Sponsors:
Signatories:

(Declaration: Eg: The General Assembly)

{Preambulatory Clauses,

The preambulatory verb at the beginning of each preambulatory clause needs to

be italicized. Every preambulatory clause ends with a comma.
Preambulatory clauses are not numbered.

Example:
Highlighting the importance of the Bamako Declaration which underscored the
importance of the development of 13 mechanisms that coordinate and harmonise
efforts to address the illicit proliferation, circulation, and trafficking of 14 small arms
and light weapons, }
-------------

{Operative Clauses

The operative verb at the beginning of each preambulatory clause needs to be

bold and underlined. Every operative clause ends with a semicolon and is
numbered.
A colon is used if the writer wishes to add a subclause to the main clause. Sub
clauses can also have sub-sub clauses. Sub-sub-sub clauses and everything
beyond are not permitted.
Lowercase alphabets are used to list sub clauses and roman numerals are used to
list sub-sub clauses.

Example:
2. Recognizes the dilemma revolving around deescalating piracy and influence of
non-state actor groups in disputed waters due to the ambiguity regarding maritime
borders and as such suggests for the creation of a Joint Task Force:

a) The Joint Task Force is mandated to constitute individuals possessing the

following titles (among others):
i) 2 Senior Fleet/Naval Commanders of constituent countries
ii) 3 Members of the UN Peacekeeping Force preferably of a third state
iii) 2 Members of the UNEP Task Force;
Sample Resolution :-

Committee: The African Union

Sponsors: Libya, Mali, South Africa
Signatories: Niger, Ghana, Chad, Sierra Leone, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Kenya,
Eritrea, Guinea, Angola, Rwanda, Uganda

Deeply concerned with the illicit use of drug, arms and sex trafficking and the lack of
effort by the governments to address the issue in African countries,

Highlighting the importance of the Bamako Declaration which underscored the

importance of the development of 13 mechanisms that coordinate and harmonize
efforts to address the illicit proliferation, circulation, and trafficking of 14 small arms
and light weapons,

Emphasizing that the most fundamental rights to “life, liberty and security of person”
should be guarded by all 4 means, in accordance with the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights,

Guided by the Bamako Declaration to implement measures on a national, regional,

and international level to approach the proliferation of SALW, with respect to
international law and principles outlined in the UN Charter, the most prominent of
which being for state sovereignty,

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-

1. Emphasizes on the fact that the exploitation of digital and other social media
websites have abated in escalating cursive trafficking of arms within and across
borders in Africa and thus endorses for the following measures to be formulated:

a) Considering that most African nations do not possess a base to formulate cyber-
security measures in their country, and it becomes imperative to rectify the fallacies
in the Malabo Convention such as but not restricted to the following so that such
cited category of countries have a plausible base to build on:
i) Clarify clause g) in Article 2 of the Malabo Convention wherein the use of the word
‘insult’ is ambiguous,
ii) Revise Article III-50 and III-51 that give broad and rampant powers to investigating
judges and is highly vulnerable to the misuse of power,

P.T.O
b) Invites heads or representatives of African states as well as the CEOs or other heads of
popular social media websites such as Facebook to a high-level summit to oust the peril
caused by the misuse of social media for the purpose of illicit trafficking:
i) The Summit should be held on a regular basis to revise outdated policies agreed upon
earlier,
ii) The Summit could be held in a place rigged with high-level security within the continent
but most duly in close quarters to the AU headquarters in Addis Ababa;

2. Takes note of the role of whistleblowers in combating corruption, which is vital to

invigorating the fight against illicit trafficking:

a) As such whistleblowers must be protected and hence affirms the need for funding and
supporting NGOs such as but not limited to:
i) Platform to Protect Whistleblowers in Africa (PPLAAF) for unveiling corrupt government
officials that cripple border security and hence paving ways for trafficking of illicit drugs
across borders;

3. Draws the attention towards the use of opioids such as codeine in medicinal drugs and
the need to ban them and thus suggests the following to evade its abuse and trafficking:
a) As the usage of codeine is popularly used in anti-inflammatory medicines the following
replacements of non-addictive drugs could be used:
i) Naprosyn,
ii) Motrin,
iii) Advil;

4. Urges the AU as some countries have codeine banned in medicinal drugs there exists a
large stockpile of these drugs and as burning would release high concentrations of
hazardous toxins in the air the following measures can be implemented:

a) Ceasing production and resuming the sale of such drugs whilst selling them in capped
small doses per day per person with a credible certificate for medicinal uses;

5. Draws the attention towards the illicit trafficking of arms from non-state actor groups
such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS in the Middle East to rebel groups in Africa such as Boko Haram
and Al-Shabaab which has adversely affected the intercontinental flow of illicit weapons and
thus adversely affecting the fight against arms trafficking and terrorism.

Text Guidelines :-

Font: Times New Roman

Font Size: 12
Amendments :-

After the resolution has been read out by the sponsors and debate time on the
resolution as a whole has begun, the dais would be open to receiving
amendments to the resolution in discussion.
Amendments, as suggested by the name, are a provision used by delegates in
the committee to amend the resolution.
All amendments are either friendly or unfriendly. A friendly amendment is passed
and added to the resolution without debate. An unfriendly amendment is
debated upon. The sponsors are responsible for deciding, unanimously, whether
an amendment presented is friendly or unfriendly.

Amendments are of three kinds: Add, Amend, Strike

Add: Used to ‘add’ a clause, sub-clause or sub-sub clause to the resolution.
Amend: Used to ‘amend’ parts of a clause in a resolution.
Strike: Used to ‘strike’ whole clauses, or parts of it in a resolution. All strike
amendments are by default, unfriendly amendments.

An amendment may only affect one clause at a time. If you would like to amend
multiple clauses, then present each amendment independently.
All amendments presented by sponsors themselves are deemed friendly, by
default.
If more than 40% of the resolution has been amended, the resolution fails.
Amendments are sent via chits directed to the dais.

Sample Amendment :-

Clause 1a) in the resolution being debated reads:

a) Political leaders must go through a screening test prior to standing for an
election.

An amenendment submitted may look like:

From: (Sponsor name)

To: The EB

Amend:

Clause 1 a)

1a) Political leaders must go through a heavily publicized screening test prior to
standing for an election.
 Position Paper
A position paper is a document that summarises your country’s stance on the
agenda. They contain the history of the agenda, your country’s influence,
measures taken by your country, stances on measures taken by other states,
solutions implemented, solutions that YOU would want to implement, a call to
action, etc.

Position Paper Format :-

Committee:
Topic:
Country:

Paragraph 1: Introduction to the agenda

Introduce the agenda and how the international community in general, and your
country in particular is affected by it.
Begin with a statistic that projects the urgency of the issue at hand, or a quote
from your state leaders/prominent personalities pertaining to the topic.
Your introduction must be the ‘hook’ to your position paper, therefore, make the
first paragraph worth the read.

Paragraph 2: History of your country with regards to the agenda

How long has the issue been affecting your country?

What policies were taken to resolve it?
What new policies have been adapted?
Are there any important events in the past that have influenced your country’s
efforts to mitigate the crises?
Remember to add any relevant data or statistics.

Paragraph 3: International efforts and your country’s response to it

How has your country responded to the efforts taken by other countries or
international forums?
What are the U.N resolutions or treaties that your country has signed or ratified
pertaining to the issue?
What actions by the UN did your country support/oppose?
Paragraph 4: Solutions you would propose

This is the most vital paragraph of your position paper as it uses your creativity
and critical thinking.
What solutions would you propose? (Ensure that the solutions proposed do not
oppose your own foreign policy)

Paragraph 5: Call to action

Reiterate your country’s stance in 2-3 lines.

Include a call-to-action.
Include the bibliography to your research after the 5th paragraph.

Text Guidelines :-

Font: Times New Roman

Font Size: 12
Spacing: Single
Word Limit: 700

Tips to write a winning position paper:

Maintain a tone of confidence throughout the paper. Never doubt measures

taken by your country as it hints to indecisiveness and lack of professionalism.
Abide by your foreign policy throughout.
Ensure that the solutions proposed are viable and realistic in the real world.
Use the right vocabulary and avoid repetition. Your position paper should not
read like an Oxford Dictionary re-issue, therefore, avoid overly flowery
vocabulary.
Add only relevant information in your position paper. Condensing days of
research in just 700 words may tempt you to overindulge in information, resist
it.
Avoid watermarks which could cause difficulty in reading the text. A flag of your
country, or its coat of arms on the top right corner would suffice.
Sample Position Paper :-

Committee: The African Union

Topic: Illicit Arms, Drug and Sex Trafficking
Country: The State of Libya

With 87% of illicit opioids, 100 million illicit small arms and sex trafficking being a 8.9
billion USD industry in Africa, it has aggravated fear in the minds of a billion Africans,
leaders and endangered the very impetus for nations striving to enact Agenda 2063.
Combatting the illicit arms, drug and sex trafficking have become a prerequisite for
nations across the globe to safeguard human rights, especially for the continent of
Africa, whose daunting economy and vulnerability towards the same has made
resisting the cited issues an arduous exercise. Amidst numerous armed conflicts
between various militias that embraced the State of Libya in utter chaos and
confusion as a subsequent aftermath of the Libyan Civil War and the fall of the
Gaddafi regime in 2011, unauthorised arms, drug and sex trafficking have soared and
have managed to rupture the already flustered peace and security of the nation. As
such, the State of Libya affirms that dialogue on a progressive Africa is futile without
eliminating the crux of sex, arms and drug trafficking.

Illicit trafficking of arms in Libya jeopardises and endangers the lives of civilians and
national security due to its vulnerability of being procured by rebel groups. After the
fall of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi’s regime, Libya witnessed various militias ravaging
for power. Subsequently, amidst feeble national security, the need to mobilise
oneself from a potential attack turned decisive, hence, helping individuals traffic
arms through platforms such as social media, as per a 2016 report titled “The Online
Trade of Light Weapons in Libya”, released by the SAS. Furthermore black markets
were virtually non-existent until the fall of the Gaddafi regime, but after its fall in 2011,
it revealed Gaddafi’s massive arms stockpile dangerously left unattended, including
conventional and biological weapons. The post-revolution period has made Libya a
hub for sex and drug trafficking, serving as a transition zone for traffickers to deliver
cannabis and cocaine, from West Africa, to the EU and victims of sex trafficking with
fake identities were flown to European countries. As such, Libya has long
contemplated this issue and beensolving it; It is one amongst the eleven African
nations listed in the Members of The Commission on Narcotic Drugs of 2020,
released by the UNODC and is the donor for the establishment of a UNODC Sub-
Regional office for the Maghreb Countries, whose aims include boosting regional
cooperation in the Maghreb to combat drug trafficking.

The State of Libya strongly stands by the decision of the EU, AU and the UN to
disengage human smuggling networks and repatriate stranded migrants in an
effort to ease this human rights disaster. Moreover, it asserts that tightened border
security is an imperative to deescalating trafficking levels. Libya signed a security
protocol with Chad, Sudan and Niger which aimed to improve cross-border security
by targeting criminal activities, particularly narcotics and arms. It also accepts the
importance of Resolution
2491 (2019) and Resolution 2388 (2017) for holding anyone involved in such acts
accountable.

Libya thus endorses for formulating policies that hinder the growth of traffickers in
Africa such as, but not restricted to: Initiating for the formation of a Inter-African
economic waters’ border security force, who scrutinise any marine vehicle,
transporting people and/or goods, in order to stop transportation of trafficked
individuals, arms and drugs, to and fro international waters; placing arms trade
embargoes on war-torn countries across Africa, and ensuring that they are not
violated by any member state of the UN or the AU, although this can be amended to
exclude Government Forces when favourable scenarios arise; temporarily banning
international states from intervening in civil wars in Africa, which has been causing
volatility in the region; setting NGOs and funding existing ones, such as the HAART in
Kenya; invigorating governmental control in areas where there is a lack of it, which is
decisive as they act as hotspots for terrorism to burgeon who in turn credit to illicit
arms trade, such as the actions of Al Shabaab in Somalia.

The State of Libya, as a proud member of the African Union proclaims that
eradicating all forms of trafficking from African soil is immensely vital in achieving
Agenda 2063, and that ‘The Africa We Want’ is virtually non-existent if the cited
problems persist. Hence, Libya finds an urgency in addressing the issues at hand and
hopes for a fruitful debate over the same.

Crisis
A crisis is a simulation of an event that would require the coordinated efforts of all
delegates in the committee to overcome.
When a crisis is announced, any and all proceedings (caucuses, lobbying, etc.) are
paused and the first update is read out by the dais.
The house then enters lobbying time wherein delegates form directives to
resolve the issue.
After lobbying time has elapsed, all directives presented are debated upon with 2
speakers for and 2 speakers against followed by a vote. Crises have multiple
updates, so the aforementioned procedure repeats itself until the outcome of the
committee's efforts to mitigate the crisis is announced. Crises may or may not
have any relevance to the agenda being discussed.

Directives :-

Directives are similar to resolution papers, however, they do not have any
preambulatory clauses and have only a few short operative clauses.
The clauses may be sponsored by a singular delegate, or a group. Much like a
resolution, it requires a third of the committee as signatories to qualify for debate.
Sample Directive :-

(Assume that the first crisis updates reads:

Due to a sudden outbreak of a mysterious, highly contagious illness in Shengsi

county, the Chinese government has blocked all entry and exit to the city. This also
includes the closure of the Shanghai Port, where crews from Europe, West Africa,
and North America are now stranded without food, water or other necessities. The
government is adamant in not providing any requisites to the stranded crews as
they fear contamination. The Chinese Coast Guard have also blocked entry to
vessels carrying international aid.)

Sponsor: The United States of America

Signatories: The Republic of India, the French Republic, the United Mexican States.

1. Alarmed by the negligence of the Beijing in ramping humanitarian efforts to the

stranded sailors and thereby directs:

a) To permit the dispatch of food, water and other requisites from international sources to
the Chinese Coast Guard.

General Tips
Reach the conference hall at least 15 minutes prior to the scheduled committee
time.
Listen attentively to instructions and speeches addressed to the committee.
Stay calm. We, at OOW MUN, prioritise your wellbeing over everything, therefore,
leave all your worries with us and stay calm. We await in anticipation to hear you
speak!
Show due respect to your peers. Whatever said during a debate should never
hurt anyone in the committee personally.
Be social. Establish connections by getting to know your fellow delegates.
Address delegates by their name outside of formal sessions instead of their
delegation. OOWMUN’23 lasts for just two days, however the connections you
build last you a lifetime.
If you are a beginner, do not worry. The Secretariat and your chairs all went
through the same rollercoaster of emotions when attending their first Model UN
conference. Therefore, seek their guidance whenever you are uncomfortable.
Present a friendly demeanour which allows you to engage in meaningful
conversations with your peers.
oowmun.org