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Chapter 3 - PPT 1

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281 views21 pages

Chapter 3 - PPT 1

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dayageo7
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VIDYA NETHRRA MATRIC HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL

GOMANGALAMPUDHUR

CHAPTER : 3
VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY
❖ The study of various external features of the organism is
known as Morphology. (1M***)

❖ Plant morphology also known as external morphology


deals with the studyLeaf of shape, size and structure of
plants and their parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers,
fruits and seeds).

❖ Study of morphology is important in taxonomy.

❖ Morphological features are important in determining


productivity of crops.
❖ Morphological characters indicate the specific habitats of
living as well as the fossil plants and help to correlate the
distribution in space and time of fossil plants.

❖ Morphological features are also significant for phylogeny.


❖Plant Morphology can be studied under two broad categories:

❖A. Vegetative morphology : (1M***)


Shoot System
Root System

❖B. Reproductive morphology : (1M***)

Flower/inflorescence,
Fruit
Seed
A. Vegetative morphology (3M***)
Vegetative morphology deals with the study of shape, size and
structure of plants and their parts roots, stems and leaves.

To understand the vegetative morphology the following


important components are to be studied.

They are, 1) Habit, 2) Habitat and 3) Lifespan.

3.1 HABIT (2M***)


The general form of a plant is referred to as habit.

Based on habit plants are classified into

Herbs, Shrubs, Climbers (Vines) And Trees.


I. HERBS
❖ Herbs are soft stemmed plants with less wood or no wood.
❖ Example: Phyllanthus amarus, Cleome viscosa.

❖ According to the duration of their life they may be classified


as Annuals, Biennials And Perennials.

❖ Perennial herbs having a bulb, corm, rhizome or tuber as


the underground stem are termed as geophytes. (3M***)
Example: Allium cepa
II. SHRUBS
❖ A shrub is a perennial, woody plant with several main
stems arising from the ground level.

Example: Hibiscus
III. CLIMBERS (Vine)
❖ An elongated weak stem generally supported by means of climbing
devices are called Climbers (vines) which may be annual or perennial,
herbaceous or woody.

❖ Liana is a vine that is perennial and woody.

❖ Liana’s are major components in the tree canopy layer of some tropical
forests.

❖ Example: Ventilago, Entada, Bougainvillea. (1M***)


Bougainvillea
IV. TREES
❖ A tree is a stout, tall, perennial, woody plant having one main stem
called trunk with many lateral branches.

❖ Example: mango, sapota, jack, fig, teak.

❖ If the trunk remains unbranched it is said to be caudex. (2M***)


❖ Example: Palmyra, Coconut.
3.2 PLANT HABITAT
❖Depending upon where plants grow habitats may be
classified into major categories:
I. Terrestrial
II. II.Aquatic.

I. TERRESTRIAL (1M***)
❖ Plants growing on land are called terrestrial plants.

II. AQUATIC
❖ Plants that are living in water environment are called
aquatic plants or hydrophytes (2M***)
3.3 LIFE SPAN
❖Based on life span plants are classified into 3 types.
❖They are Annual, Biennial And Perennial

I. Annual (Therophyte or Ephemerals) (2M***)


❖ A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season.

Example: Peas, maize, water melon, groundnut, sunflower, rice


and so on.

II. Biennial (2M***)


❖A plant that lives for two seasons, growing vegetatively during
the first season and flowering and fruiting during the second
season.

Example: Onion, Lettuce, Fennel, Carrot, Radish, Cabbage and


Spinach.
III. Perennial (Geophyte)

❖ A plant that grows for many years that flowers and set fruits
for several seasons during the life span. (2M***)

❖ When they bear fruits every year, they are called Polycarpic.

❖ Example: Mango, Sapota. (3M***)

❖ Some plants produce flowers and fruits only once and die
after a vegetative growth of several years.

❖ These plants are called Monocarpic. (3M***)

Example: Bamboo, Agave, Musa, Talipot palm.


3.4 PARTS OF A FLOWERING PLANT:

❖ Flowering plants are called “Angiosperms” or Magnoliophytes.


They are sporophytes consisting of an axis with an underground
“Root system” and an aerial “Shoot System”.

❖ The shoot system has a stem, branches and leaves.

❖ The root system consists of root and its lateral branches.


3.5 ROOT SYSTEM
❖The root is non-green, cylindrical descending axis of the plant that usually
grows into the soil (positively geotropic).

❖ It develops from the radicle which is the first structure that comes out
when a seed is placed in the soil.

❖ Root is responsible for absorption of water and nutrients and anchoring


the plant.

I. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES (5M***)

❖Root is the descending portion of the plant axis.


❖Generally non-green in colour as it lacks chlorophyll.
❖Does not possess nodes, internodes and buds (Exception in sweet potato
and members of Rutaceae, roots bear buds which help in vegetative
propagation)
❖It bears root hairs (To absorb water and minerals from the soil)
❖It is positively geotropic and negatively phototropic in nature.
II. REGIONS OF ROOT: (5M***)

❖ Root tip is covered by a dome shaped parenchymatous cells


called root cap.

❖ It protects the meristematic cells in the apex. In Pandanus


multiple root cap is present. (1M***)

❖
In Pistia instead of root cap root pocket is present. (1M***)

❖A few millimeters above the root cap the following three


distinct zones have been classified based on their
meristematic activity.

1. Meristematic Zone
2. Zone of Elongation
3. Zone of Maturation
5M***
5M***
THANK YOU

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