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संदेश

िै ि िैमें िै
िवकषकउत्कृष्टताप्राप्त करना के न्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठनकीसिोच्च ि
रीयता है। हमारे
विद्यार्थी, विक्षक एिंिैवक्षक नेतृत्व कताावनरंतर उन्नवत हेतुप्रयासरत रहतेहैं। राष्टरीय विक्षा
नीवत 2020 केसंदर्ामेंयोग्यता आधाररत अवधगम एिं मूल्ांकन संबन्धितउद्देश्ों को प्राप्त करना तर्था
सीबीएसई के वदिा वनदेिों,ितामानकापालन में इस प्रयास को और र्ी चुनौतीपूर्ा बनाता है।

के न्द्रीयविद्यालय संगठनके पांचोंआंचलिक लशक्षा एवं प्रलशक्षण संस्थानद्वारासंकवलत

यह‘विद्यार्थी सहायक सामग्री’ इसी वदिा में एक आिश्क कदम है । यह सहायक सामग्री कक्षा 9 से 12 के
विद्यावर्थायों क महत्वपूर्ा विषयों पर तैयार की गयी है । के न्द्रीय विद्यालय‘विद्यार्थीसंगठनसहायकी
सामग्री’ अपनी गुर्ित्ता एिं परीक्षा संबंधी ग्रीसाम-संकलन की वििेषज्ञता के वलए जानी जाती है और अन्य
विक्षर् संस्थान र्ी इसका उप परीक्षा संबंधी पठन सामग्री की तरह करते रहे-आिाहैंएिं।िुर्विश्वास है वक
यह सहायक सामग्री विद्यावर्थायों सहयोगी बनकर सतत मागादिान करते हुए उन्हें सफलता के लक्ष्य ।तक
पहुंचाएगी

िु सवहत ।

लनलि पांडे
आयुक्त,के न्द्रीयविद्यालय संगठन

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 CONTRIBUTORS:
ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. AMIT KUMAR GUPTA, PGT MATHS, PM SHRI KV BARRACKPORE
ARMY

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħMS. SURANJANA DEB, PGT MATHS, KV NO 2 KANCHRAPARA

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. BIMAL KUMAR, PGT MATHS, KV BALLYGUNGE

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. MRINAL SAHA, PGT MATHS, KV BARRACKPORE AFS
ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. PINAKI CHAKRABORTY, PGT MATHS, KV OF DUMDUM

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. PRADIP KUMAR DAS, PGT MATHS, KV NO 1 ISHAPORE

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. BISHAL KUMAR SHARMA, PGT MATHS, KV COSSIPORE

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħMRS. SOMA DAS, PGT MATHS, KV COMMAND HOSPITAL

ç%87%38%38%枙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿è㲈ᠳ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿é茚䮩࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿êۗ ë猠೼࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ì霚ᐡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿í䌀ὀ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
䇘‫ݮ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ñ燜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ò㊊礆࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ó밖‫ܫ‬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ô飂癭࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿%17%õ풠㰉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ö
࿿࿿࿿࿿ù꿒䫓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿úを㳹࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿û档࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ü憘皉࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ýᝊ䍥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿þⰴ䪇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ÿ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ă仐儙࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ă䓢࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ą鬲ȡ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ą‫ﯜ‬眻࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ć拂ⱼ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ćힼᩔ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĉ
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ċᘒ圇࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Č뿮劓࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿č古㢿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ď≯࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ďdž娂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Đ⪜࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ĕ婌坿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĕ᪀Ȓ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ė‫ﲈ‬氬࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ė켜洛࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ę쩒䳥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ęⴚ⤦࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ĝ ࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ğፌ⃌࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ğ줺य़࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ġ䙸䇗࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ġ戞燥࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ģ뚨乂࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿
࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿Ħ륨幍࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿࿿ħSH. PINTU BANERJEE, PGT MATHS, KV FORT WILLIAM
10. SH. PRADEEP KUMAR, PGT MATHS, KV CRPF DURGAPUR

11. SH. DHARMENDRA KUMAR PRASAD, PGT MATHS, KV BAMANGACHI

12. SH. SUJIT BANERJEE, PGT MATHS, KV CMERI DURGAPUR

13. SH. BISWAJIT PATRA, PGT MATHS, KV NO 2 KHARAGPUR

SH. KRISHANU MONDAL, PGT MATHS, KV FORT WILLIAM

SH. SUMIT CHATTOPADHYAY, PGT MATHS, KV ADRA

MRS. ADITI PAUL BARMAN, PGT MATHS, KV PANAGARH

SH RAJU GOPAL KABIRAJ, PGT MATHS, KV GARDEN REACH

SH. SOUMITRA BAG, PGT MATHS, KV COSSIPORE

SH. TAPAS DAS, PGT MATHS, KV ALIPURDUAR JN

SH. AMIT GIRI, PGT MATHS, KV NO 2 SALT LAKE

3
 INDEX
S.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO

1. CURRICULUM 05 - 08

2. RELATION AND FUNCTIONS 09- 16

3. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 17 – 20

4. MATRICES 21 – 27

5. DETERMINANTS 28 – 36

6. CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABLITY 37 – 42

7. APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVES 43 - 50

8. INTEGRALS 51 – 61

9. APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS 62 – 71

10. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION 72 – 79

11. VECTOR ALGEBRA 80 - 94

12. THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 95 – 104

13. LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEM 105 – 111

14. PROBABILITY 112 – 125

15. SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS WITH BP & MS 126 - 196

4
 CLASS-XII
(2024-25)
One Paper Max Marks: 80
No. Units No. of Periods Marks
I. Relations and Functions 30 08
II. Algebra 50 10
III. Calculus 80 35
IV. Vectors and Three - Dimensional Geometry 30 14

V. Linear Programming 20 05
VI. Probability 30 08
Total 240 80
Internal Assessment 20

Unit-I: Relations and Functions

1. Relations and Functions 15 Periods

Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations. One to one and
ontofunctions.

2. Inverse Trigonometric Functions 15 Periods

Definition, range, domain, principal value branch. Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions.

Unit-II: Algebra

1. Matrices 25 Periods

Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a
matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Operations on matrices: Addition and
multiplication and multiplication with a scalar. Simple properties of addition, multiplication and
scalar multiplication. Non- commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero
matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Invertible
matrices and proof of the uniqueness ofinverse, if it exists; (Here all matrices will have real entries).

5
 2. Determinants 25 Periods
Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of
determinants in finding the area of a triangle. Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency,
inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples, solving system of
linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix.

Unit-III: Calculus
1. Continuity and Differentiability 20 Periods

Continuity and differentiability, chain rule, derivative of inversetrigonometric functions,

−1 −1 −1
sin , cos and tan , derivative of implicit functions. Concept of exponential and logarithmic
functions.
Derivatives of logarithmic and exponential functions. Logarithmic differentiation, derivative of
functions expressed in parametric forms. Second order derivatives.
2. Applications of Derivatives 10 Periods

Applications of derivatives: rate of change of quantities, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima

andminima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a
provabletool). Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles and understanding of the subject
as well as real-life situations).

3. Integrals 20 Periods
Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions by substitution, by partial fractions and
by parts, Evaluation of simple integrals of the following types and problems based on them
,
∫ ,∫ ,∫ ,∫ ,∫

± √ 2± √ − √ + +
2 2
+ +
2 2 2 2 2

( + ) ( + ) √ 2 2 2 2 2

∫ ,∫ ,∫ ± ,∫√ − ,∫√ + +

2
+ + √ 2
+ +

Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (without proof). Basic properties of definite integrals and
evaluation of definite integrals.

4. Applications of the Integrals 15 Periods

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in
standard form only)

6
 5. Differential Equations 15 Periods
Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation. Solution of differential equations by
method of separation of variables, solutions of homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions
of linear differential equation of the type:
+ = ℎ are functions of x or constants
+ = ℎ are functions of y or constants

Unit-IV: Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

1. Vectors 15 Periods

Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction cosines and direction ratios of a
vector. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors), position vector of a point,
negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a
scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio. Definition, Geometrical
Interpretation, properties and application of scalar (dot) product of vectors, vector (cross) product of
vectors.
2. Three - dimensional Geometry 15 Periods

Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian equation and vector
equationof a line, skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Angle between two lines.

Unit-V: Linear Programming

1. Linear Programming 20 Periods

Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical

method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or
unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial
constraints).

Unit-VI: Probability

1. Probability 30 Periods

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, total probability,

Bayes’ theorem, Random variable and its probability distribution, mean of random variable.

7
 MATHEMATICS (Code No. - 041)
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN CLASS - XII
(2024-25)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80

S. Typology of Questions Total %

No. Marks Weightage

Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned material

1 by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and answers. 44 55

Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and
ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting,
givingdescriptions, and stating main ideas
2 Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying 20 25
acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
differentway.
Analysing :
Examine and break information into parts by identifying
motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to
support generalizations
Evaluating:
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about
3 information, validity of ideas, or quality of work based on a set 16 20
of criteria.
Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by
combiningelements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions
Total 80 100

No chapter wise weightage. Care to be taken to cover all the chapters

Suitable internal variations may be made for generating various templates keeping the
overallweightage to different form of questions and typology of questions same.

Choice(s):

There will be no overall choice in the question paper. However, 33% internal choices will be
given in all the section.

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS

Periodic Tests ( Best 2 out of 3 tests conducted) 10 Marks

Mathematics Activities 10 Marks

8
 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

KEY POINTS:-

RELATIONS:

The set of all ordered pairs (a , b) of element ∈ , ∈ is called the cartesian product of set A and set B and is denoted by A x B.
A x B = { (a,b); a∈ A , b∈ B}

A relation R from A to B is a subset of A x B .

Let A and B be any two non-empty finite sets containing m and n elements respectively,
number of ordered pairs in A x B is mn.
mn
total number of subsets of A x B is 2 .
mn
total number of relations from A to B is 2 .
If there is no relation between the elements of a set or sets , then the relation is called empty relation. R =∅ .

A relation R in a set A is called universal relation , if every element of A is related to each of the
elements of A , R = A x A.
A relation R on a set A is said to be reflexive if every element of A is related to itself. R is reflexive if (a,a) ∈ R for every a A.
A relation R on a set A is said to be a symmetric relation, if (a,b) ∈ R⇒ (b,a) ∈ R , a, ∈ A.
A relation R on a set A is said to be a transitive relation, if (a,b) ∈ R and (b,c) ∈ R ⇒ (a,c) ∈ R.

A relation which is reflexive, symmetric and transitive , is called an equivalence relation .

Let R be an equivalence relation on a set A. Let a ∈ A. Then the set of all those elements of A which are related to A is called equivalence class denoted by [a] or Cl {a}.

2. FUNCTIONS:
Let A and B be two non-empty sets. Then, a subset f of A x B is a function that associates each
element of A to a unique element of B.
Let f : A→ B then the set A is called the domain of f and the set B is known as its co-domain. The set of images of elements of set A is known as the range of f. Clearly Range is a
subset of Co-domain.
A function f : A→ B is a one-one function or an injection , if
f (x) = f(y) ⇒ x = y for all x,y ∈ A or
x ≠ y ⇒ f (x) ≠ f(y) for all x,y ∈ A

9
A function f : A→ B is an onto function or a surjection, if range(f) = co-domain (f). So each element in B must have atleast one pre-image in A.
A function f : A→ B is a many-one function if there exists at least two or more elements of A having

the same f image in B.i.e.,

f (x) = f(y) but x ≠ y.

So many-one function cannot be injective.

If f : A→ B is such that there exists atleast one element in co-domain which is not the image of any element in domain, then f(x) is into. So into function can not be surjective.

If a set A has m elements and set B has n elements, then the number of functions possible from A to B
m
is n .
If a set A has m elements and set B has n elements,
if n≥ m, then the number of injective functions or one-one functions is given by
!

( − )! and if n<m then 0.

If a set A has m elements and set B has n elements, the number of onto functions from A to B is
∑
=1
(−1)
− n
Cr r ,if m≥ n and
m
0 , if m<n

n!, if m ≠ n then 0.
If there is a bijection between two sets A and B then both sets will have the same number of elements. If n(A) = n(B) i.e., m = n, then the number of bijective functions =

Algebraic operations on functions:

if f and g are real valued functions of x with domain set A and B respectively then
i) (f±g) = f(x) ± g(x) (domain is A∩B)
ii) (f.g) (x) = f(x). g(x) (domain is A∩B)
(domain is A∪B and g(x) ≠ 0 )
( )
( )(x) = ( )

f=g if and only if A=B and f(x)=g(x) for all x in A.

Functions Domain Range

Algebraic functions:

n R R, if n is odd
i) x (n N)
+
R U {0}, if n is even

n R–{0} R – {0}, if n is odd

ii) 1/ x (n N)

10
 +
R , if n is even

1/n R, if n is odd R, if n is odd

iii) x (n N)
+ +
R U {0}, if n is even R U {0}, if n is even

1/n R – {0}, if n is odd R – {0}, if n is odd

iv) 1/ x (n N)
+ +
R , if n is even R , if n is even

Trigonometric functions:

i) sin x R [-1,+1]

ii) cos x R [-1,+1]

iii) tan x R –(2k + 1) , k Z

ᴨ

R
2

iv) cot x R–kᴨ,k Z R

v) sec x R –(2k + 1) , k Z
ᴨ

(-∞,-1]U[1,∞)

vi) cosec x R–kᴨ,k Z (-∞,-1]U[1,∞)

Inverse Trigonometric
functions:

–1 [-1,+1]
i) sin x
[-2,2]

–1 [-1,+1]
ii) cos x [0, ᴨ]

–1 R
iii) tan x
(-2,2)

–1 R
iv) cot x (0, ᴨ)

–1 }
v) sec x
ᴨ

(-∞,-1]U[1,∞) [0,ᴨ]–{
2

–1
vi) cosec x (-∞,-1]U[1,∞)

[-2,2]–{0}

Exponential functions:

i) e
x R R
+

11
 1/x R–{0} +
ii) e R -{1}

x R +
iii) a , a > 0 R

1/x R–{0} +
iv) a ,a>0 R -{1}

Logarithmic functions:

i) log a x (a > 0, a≠1) R

R+
+ R–{0}
ii) log x a (a > 0, a≠1)
R -{1}

Integral part or greatest

integer functions:

i) [x] R I

ii) 1/x R–[0,1) 1/n , n Z– { 0 }

Fractional part functions:

i) { x } R [0,1)

ii) 1/ { x } R-Z (1,∞)

Modulus functions:

i) | x| R +
R U {0}

ii) 1/ | x| R- {0} +
R

Signum function:

| |
R {-1,0,1}
,x ≠0

0,x=0

Constant function:

f(x) = c R {c}

12
MCQ:

1. If a relation R on the set {1,2,3,4] be defined by R= {(1,2)}, then R is

a) Reflexive b) Transitive c) Symmetric d) None of these 2. Which of the

following functions from Z to Z are one-one and onto?

3 b) f(x) = x+2 c) f(x)= 2x + 1 2

a) f(x) = x d) f(x) = x + 1
3.
The function f: R → R given by f(x) = cos x, x ∈ R is

a) one-one but not onto b) onto but not one-one

c) one-one and onto d) neither one-one nor onto

4. Greatest integer function f(x) =[x] is

a) one-one b) many-one c) both (a) & (b) d) none of these

5. The maximum number of equivalence relations on the set A = {1, 2, 3} are

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 5

6. If R = {(x, y) : x2 + y2 = 4 ,x,y Z} is a relation of Z , then the domain of R is

a) {0,1,2} b) {-2 ,0,2} c) {-2, -1,1,2} d) { 1,2}

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̀ ᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ Consider the non-
empty set consisting of children in a family and a relation R defined as a R b if a is sister of b. Then R is

a) symmetric but not transitive b) transitive but not symmetric

c) neither symmetric nor transitive d) both symmetric and transitive

8. Number of relations that can be defined on the set A = {a, b, c, d} is

3 4 2 16
a) 2 b) 4 c) 4 d) 2

9. Let R be the relation in the set Z of all integers defined by R = {(x, y): x – y is an integer}. Then R is

a) Reflexive b) Transitive c) Symmetric d) an equivalence relation

10.Let S be the set of all real numbers. Then the relation R = {(a, b): 1 + ab > 0} on S is

a) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive b) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric

13
c) reflexive, symmetric and transitive d) both symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
Assertion –reasoning:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A

A is true but R is false

A is false but R is true.

11. Assertion(A): a relation R ={ |a-b|< 2 } defined on the set A ={ 1,2,3,4,5} is reflexive.

Reason(R): A relation R on the set A is said to reflexive if for (a,b) R and (b,c) R we have (a,c) R

Assertion(A): Let A= {2,4,6} , B={3,5,7,9} and defined a function f = { (2,3),(4,5), (6,7)} from A to B ,then f is
not onto.

Reason(R): A function f: A→ B is said to be onto, if every element of B is the image of some element of A under f.

Assertion(A): The smallest integer function f(x) is one-one.

Reason(R): A function is one-one if f(x) = f(y) ⇒ x = y.

Assertion(A): The function f: R→ R, f(x) = |x| is not one-one. Reason(R): The function f(x)
= |x| is not onto.

Long questions:

If f : N → N be the function defined by f(x) = 4x +7, check whether f is a one-one and onto function or not.
3

16. show that the function f: R → { x R : -1 < x <1 } defined by f(x) = 1+| | , x R is one-one and onto function.

17. A function f: [ -4,4] → [0,4] , given by f(x)= √16 − . Show that f is an onto function but not one-one. Further find all possible values of a, f(a) = √7
2

18. Consider f : R – { - 3 } → R – { 3 } given by f(x) = 3 +4 . show that f is one-one and onto .

4 4 4 +3

19. Let A = {1,2,3,........,9} and the relation R on the set A x A defined by (a,b) R (c,d) ↔ a +d = b +c for all
(a,b),(c,d) ∈ A xA. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Also find [(2,5)].

14
Show that the relation R on the set A ={ x ∈ Z ; 0 ≤ x ≤ 12} , given by R = { (a,b) : |a - b| is a multiple of 4} is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1.

Hint or Answer keys of Selected Questions

1–b 4-b 7-b 10 – a 13 - d

2–b 5-d 8-d 11 – c 14 - b

3–d 6-b 9-d 12 – d

17. = 3,−3

19. [(2,5)] = {(1,4), (2,5), (3,6),(4,7),(5,8), (6,9)}.

20. Transitive: (a,b) ∈ R ⇒ |a-b|=4k (multiple of 4)⇒(a – b) = ± 4k ...............(1)

(2)
(b,c) ∈ R ⇒ |b-c|=4m (multiple of 4) ⇒(b – c) = ± 4m ...............

Adding (1) and (2) we get, a – c = ± 4(k + m), multiple of 4.

so, (a,c) ∈ R. Relation is transitive . The set of all elements related to 1= { 1, 5, 9}

Practice questions:

1. Let A = R – {3} and B = R- {1}. Find the value of a such that the function f: A→ B defined by ( ) = is onto. Also , check whether the given function is one-one or not.
−2 −3

Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N x N defined by

(a , b) R (c,d) imply that ad(b+c) = bc(a+d).

Check whether R is an equivalence relation or not on N x N.

3. Show that the relation R on the set A of points in a plane, given by

R = { (P,Q) :Distance of the point P from the origin is same as the distance of the point Q from the origin},

is an equivalence relation. Further show that the set of all points related to a point P ≠ (0,0) is the circle passing through P with origin as centre.
4. Show that f : N → N defined by

+1
, if n is odd and
2
f(n) ={
is many-one and onto function.
, if n is even
2

15
Test whether the relation R on Z defined by R = {(a,b): |a –b|≤ 5} is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.

Show that the relation R in the set A={1,2,3,4,5}, given by R = {(a,b) : |a –b| is divisible by 2}, is an
equivalence relation . Show that all the elements of {1,3,5} are related to each other and all the elements
of {2,4} are related to each other , but no elements of {1,3,5} is related to any element of {2,4}.

Let R be the equivalence relation in the set A = {0,1,2,3,4,5} given by R ={ (a,b): 2 divides (a – b)}. Write
the equivalence class [0].
3
Let R = {(a, a ): a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.
Check whether the function f : N → N given by f(x) = 9x2 + 6x -5 is one-one and onto or not.

If R = {(x, y) : x + 2y =8 } is a relation on N, then write the range of R.

1 1

→ [−
11. Check whether a function f : R 2
, ] defined as f(x) =
2
is one-one and onto or not.
1+ 2

Let L be the set of all lines in XY plane and R be the relation on L defined as R

= { (L1,L2): L1 is parallel to L2} .

Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines related to the line y = 2x + 4.
a function f: [0,4 ∞) → [-5, ∞) defined as f(x) = 4x + 4x – 5 is both one-one and onto.
2
Prove that
4
Let f : R – { - 3 } → R given by f(x) = 3 +4 . show that f is one-one and onto .

1 , if x > 0

15. Show that the signum function f: R→ R , given by , f(x) = { 0, if x = 0

−1 , if x < 0

is neither one-one nor onto.

16
 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
KEY POINTS :
What is an Inverse Function?
If y=f(x) and x=g(y) are two functions such that f (g(y)) = y and g (f(y)) = x, then f and g are said to be inverse
-1 -1
of each other, written as g = f and f =g .
-1
If y = f(x) then x = f (y)
-
The inverse trigonometric functions are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions written as cos
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1
x, sin x, tan x, cot x, cosec x, sec x.
-1
If y = sin x , then x = sin y, similarly for other trigonometric functions, inverse trigonometric functions are
written.

Domain & Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Functions Domain Range

-1 [-1,1]
sin x
[− 2 , 2]

-1 [-1,1] [0, ]
cos x,

-1 R
tan x
(− 2 , 2)

-1 R (0, )
cot x

-1 R – ( -1,1)
sec x
[0, ]−{ 2}

-1 R – ( -1,1)
cosec x
[− 2 , 2 ]−{0}

You may note:

-1 -1
sin (sin )= , cos (cos )= within the domain,
sin-1(-x)= −sin-1(x), cos-1(-x)= −cos-1(x), tan-1(-x)=−tan-1x.

-1 -1
sin x + cos x= , tan-1 x + cot-1 x = , cosec-1 x + sec-1 x = 2 2 2

MCQ WITH ANSWER

1. One branch of cos -1 x other than the principal value branch corresponds to:
(a) [ 3 3
, ] (b)[ , 2 ] − { } ( )(− , 0) ( ) [2 , 3 ]
2 2 2

Ans . ( )

17
 2. The principal value of cos-1(cos(-6800) is:
(a) 2
( )−
2
( )
34 ( )

9 9 9
9

Ans. (a )
3. If cos-1 x- sin-1 x=0 , then the value of x is:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 1

( )
√3

√2 2

Ans. (c)
4. The value of cos-1(cos ( 6)) :
13

(a) 13
(b) 7
(c) 5
(d)
6 6 6 6

Ans.(d)
5. The value of sin-1( 2)+2cos-1( 2 ) :
1 − √3

(a) (b)- (c) 3 Ans. (d)

2 2 2
 (d)none of these
ONE MARK QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
1. Find the value of sin−1(sin 3
). Ans . 2

5 5

2. Evaluate cos−1(cos ). Ans.

7 5

6
6

3. Which is greater tan1 or tan 1 . −1 −1

Ans. tan1> tan 1

−1 )= , state true or false. Ans. False

4. sin (sin
2 2

3 3

5. Domain of function sin−1 is (-1,1), state true or false. Ans. False

6. If tan−1 = sin−1 1
, then x is ___ . Ans. 1
√2

7. Find the value of cot(tan−1 +cot−1 ) Ans. 0

Assertion- Reason Question

Assertion(A): Principal value branch of is [– 2 , 2]

Reason(R): In this branch the function is bijective

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.

Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
18
 A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.

Ans: (b)
THREE LEVELS OF GRADED QUESTIONS
Level I (Very Short Type Question)
1. Find the principal value of sin−1( −1 ). Ans. -
2 6

2. Find the principal value of cos ( −1 ). Ans.

√3

2 6

3. Ans: 4
.
Find the principal value of tan−1(−√3) .

−1 −1
−1
4. Find the value of tan (1)+sin ( ). Ans:
.

2
12

.
5. −1 −1
Ans:-
Find the value of tan (√3)−cot (−√3) .

6. Find the value of sin( /3−sin ( −1 ). Ans: 1.

−1

.
7. Ans:-
Find the principal value of tan √3−sec (−2) . −1 −1

Level II (SHORT TYPE QUESTION) − 1 −1 − 1 3

1. Find the value of tan−1(1)+cos−1( 2 )+sin ( 2 ) 4.
3 3 17
Ans:
2. Find the value of tan { sin−1( 5)+cot−1( 2) } 6.
3. Write in simplest form: tan−1( )
−
Ans:
+ Ans: 4- x.
3 8 84
4. Show that sin−1( 5)+−sin−1(17 )= cos−1( 85)

5. Prove that cot−1[ ]= 2

√1+sin + √1−sin
,0< <

2
√1+sin − √1−sin

−1 −1 2x
−1 3

( )+tan
3 −

6. Prove that tan ( )=tan ( )

1− 2
1−3 2

Level III (Long Type Question)

−1 −1
1. If sin (1− )−2sin = , find the value of x. Ans: x= 0, ½.
12 −14 −163
2

Show that sin−1 13+cos 5+tan 60=

If tan−1 +tan−1 +tan−1 = 2,then show that xy+yz+zx=1
3 −1 3 6
Prove that cos(sin−1 5+cot 2)= 5√13

19
5. Solve: cos(tan−1 )=sin (cot−1 ¾) Ans : x= ¾.
Simplify: sin−1 (
-1 -1
Ans: cos ⅗ -cos x.
2
3 +4√1−

6. )

7. 2 +1

)
Prove that sin[cot−1{cos (tan−1 )}]=√(
+2
2

8. If tan−1 +tan−1 +tan−1 = prove that a + b + c = abc

Case based Question

Two men on either side of a temple of 30 m high observe its top at the angles of elevation and respectively,

The distance between the two men is 40√3 m and the distance between the first person A and the temple is 30√3 m.

Answer the following questions using the above information.

(i) ∠ = = ( )(
2
) (b) (
1
) (c) (2) (d) (
√3
)

√3 2 2

(ii) ∠ = = ( )(
1

) (b) (
2

) (c) (
4

) (d) (
√3

5 5 5 2

1 1

(iii) ∠ = =
( )( )
(b) (2) (c) ( ) (d) (√3)

2 √3

(iv) ∠ = ( )
π
(b) π
(c) π
(d) π

4
6 2 3

Ans:. (i) (b) (ii) (d) (iii) (d) (iv) (c )

20
 MATRICES

KEY POINTS:

Matrix: An ordered rectangular array of numbers or functions.

Matrix Order: A matrix having m rows and n columns is read as a matrix of order m by n & written as m x n.

Row Matrix: A matrix of order having only one row and any number of columns.

Column Matrix: A matrix having only one column and any number of rows.

Square matrix: A matrix of order m × n is called square matrix if m = n.

Zero matrix: A = [aij]m×n is called a zero matrix, if aij = 0 for all i and j.

Diagonal matrix: A square matrix [aij]m×n is said to be diagonal, if aij = 0 for i ≠ j.

Scalar matrix: A diagonal matrix A = [aij]m×n is said to be scalar, if aij = k for i = j for some real number k.

Unit matrix (Identity matrix): A diagonal matrix A = [aij]n is a unit matrix, if aij = 1 for i = j

Addition/Subtraction of Matrices

The order of two matrices should be same for addition or subtraction operations to be performed.

A = [aij]m x n and B = [bij]m x n

Then, A + B = [aij + bij]m x n

Properties:

A+B = B+A (Commutative Property of Addition)

(A+B) + C = A + (B+C)[ ]

k(A+B) = kA+ kB, where k is any scalar

A + (-A) = O where O is zero matrix of same order

21
Scalar Multiplication: If A is a matrix of order mxn then scalar multiplication of A by a scalar k, which
is another matrix of order m x n denoted by

(kA), further if C=(kA), then cij =k aij. ,i=1,2,3,......m and j=1,2,3,......n.

As for example if A =[ ] then 5A = [ ]

Matrix Multiplication- The product of two matrices A and B is defined if the number of columns of A is equal
to the number of rows of B. Let A = [aij] be an m × n matrix and B = [bjk] be an n × p matrix. Then the product
of the matrices A and B is the matrix C of order m × p. To get the (i, k)th element c of the matrix C, we take the
ith row of A and kth column of B, multiply them element-wise and take the sum of all these products.

If = [a ij ] and B = [b ij ] then AB = C = [c ]m×p where c = ∑

n
a ij b jk
m×n n×p ik ik j=1

Some properties of matrix multiplication

AB ≠ BA (In general matrix multiplication is not commutative)

(AB)C = A(BC) (Associative Property of Multiplication)
A(B + C) = AB + AC (Distributive Property of Multiplication)

Transpose of a Matrix

If a matrix is obtained from any given matrix A, by interchanging rows and columns, it is called the
T
transpose of A and is denoted by A’ or A .
If A = [aij]mxn and A’ = [bij]nxm then bij = aji, ∀i, j

Properties:

(A')' = A.
(kA)' = kA'
(A+B)'=A'+B'
(AB)' = B' A'

22
Symmetric and Skew Symmetric Matrix

A is a symmetric matrix if A′ = A.
A is a skew symmetric matrix if A′ = - A.

ℎ 0 1 −2

For example: A = [ℎ ] is a symmetric matrix and A =[−1 0 3 ] is a skew symmetric matrix

2 −3 0

*Any square matrix can be represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix in an
unique way.i.e for any matrix A ,

T T T T
A = ½ (A+A ) +½ (A-A ), where ½ (A+A ) is a symmetric matrix and ½ (A-A ) is skew
symmetric.

Inverse of Matrix:

If A is a square matrix of order m, and if there exists another square matrix B of the same order m, such
-1
that AB = BA = I, then B is called the inverse matrix of A and is denoted by A .

Example:

Similarly BA = I

Hence, B is the inverse of A or in other words,

-1 -1
B = A and A is the inverse of B, i.e., A = B

23
Properties of Invertible Matrices

Let A and B be n×n invertible matrices (nonsingular). Then

-1 -1 -1
If A is non-singular, then so is A and (A ) = A.
-1 -1 -1
If A and B are non-singular matrices, then AB is non-singular and (AB) = B A .
T -1 -1 T
If A is non-singular then (A ) = (A ) .
Inverse of a matrix if exists is unique.
MCQs (1 MARK QUESTIONS)
1. How many 2x2 order matrices can be formed with entries 0 and 1 only.
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 4 (d) 32
2. If the order of matrix A is m×p. and the order of B is p×n. Then the order of matrix AB is
(a) n × p (b) m × n (c) n × p (d) n × m
2 3
3. If A is a square matrix such that A = A, then (I – A) + A is equal to
(a) I (b) 0 (c) I – A (d) I + A

If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, then (AB′–BA′) is a

(a) Skew symmetric matrix (b) Null matrix (c) Symmetric matrix (d) None of these

2 x−3 x−2

5. If A =[3 −2 −1 ]is a symmetric matrix then x is

4 −1 −5

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 0

6. If A is a square matrix and if A is skew symmetric then which of the following is true.

T T T T
(a)(A+A ) = O (b) (A - A ) = O (c) (AA ) = I (d) (A+A ) = I

7. If A= [
1 3
] and A2 – kA – 5I = 0, then k =

3 4

(a) 5 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) None of these

= pA, then the value of p is
8. If matrix A =[
2 −2
] and A2

−2 2

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -4 (d) 4

9. If the sum of all the elements of a 3 × 3 scalar matrix is 9, then the product of all its elements is:

(a) 0 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 729

24
 TWO MARKS QUESTIONS

1. If A and B are symmetric matrices, show that AB is symmetric, if AB=BA.

Let A = [ 1 2] B= [
4 0
] then show that (AB) ′ = B ′ A ′.
−1 3 1 5

2. A=[
sin
] then verify that AA’ =I

− sin

2 2
−
5 5 1 0

3. If [ 2 2 ] =[
0
],then find the least integral value of k.
1

5 5

Consider the following information regarding the number of men and women worker in three
factories I, II and III.
Factory No Men Workers Women Workers
I 20 25
II 15 30
III 40 50

Represent the above information in the form of a 3 x 2 matrix. What does the entry in the second row and
second column represent?
If one given matrix A is both symmetric and also skew-symmetric, then find A.
What possible orders can a matrix have if it has 24 elements?
Prove that the principal diagonal of any skew symmetric matrix is zero.

Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of Honesty, Hardwork and
Punctuality. The school A wants to award Rs. x each, Rs. y each and Rs. z each for the three
respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with a total award money of Rs.2200.
School B wants to spend Rs.3100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values. The
total amount of award for one prize on each value is Rs.1200. Convert this problem in matrix
form.
9. If A =[41 05]
then express it as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.

25
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS

2 3 3
If A is a square matrix such that A = I then find the simplified value of (A – I) + (A + I) – 7I.
In a legislative assembly election, a political group hired a public relations firm to promote its candidate
in three ways: telephone, house calls and letters. The cost per contact (in paise) is given
in matrix A as
Telephone A = [100] house calls.
letters

The number of contacts of each type made in two cities X and Y is given by B
telephone house calls letters

1000
B=[
500 5000 ]

3000 1000 10000

Find the total amount spent by the group in two cities X and Y.
cos − sin 0

3. If F(x)=[sin 0] then show that F(x)F(y)=F(x+y)

Show that A = [−28 ] satisfies the equation A2 + 4A – 42I = O. Hence find A-1.
0 0 1
5
4

5. Let A = [
2 −1
], B = ⌈ 5 2
⌉,C=[2 5
] . Find a matrix D such that CD – AB = O.

3 4 7 4 3 8

Suppose A is any 3×3 non-singular matrix and ( − 3 )( − 5 ) = , where = 3= 3. If + -1=4 , then what will be
value of + .
7.
Find matrix A if, [
2 4
] [0 ]=[1
2 6 ].

1 3 1 3 3 −2

8. Find The matrix X where [

3
2] X[−1
1
] =[2 −1]

7 5 −2 1 0 4

9.If A = [ 3 1
], show that 2
− 5 + 7 = .−1.

−1 2

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS

−1 2 1 −1 1

] and A
-1 =[
−8 7 −5
1. If A = [ 1 2
] then find the value of (a + x) – (b + y).

3 1 1 3

A trust invested some money in two types of bonds. The first bond pays 10% interest and second bond
pays 12% interest. The trust received Rs. 2800 as interest. However, if trust had interchanged
money in bonds, they would have got Rs. 100 less as interest. Using matrix method, find the
amount invested by the trust. Interest received on this amount will be given to Helpage India as
donation.

26
 Find matrix A such that
2 −2 −1 −8

[1 0]A=[ 1 −2]

−3 4 9 22

ANSWERS(1 MARK QUESTIONS)

1.(b) 2. (b) 3.(a) 4.(a) 5(b) 6(a) 7(a) 8(d) 9.(a)

HINT FOR 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

K=2.
25
i) [15 30], ii) No of women workers in II factory is 30.
50

1x24,2x12,3x8,4x6,6x4,8x3,12x2,24x1

A =-AT thus aij= - aji also for the diagonals aii=-aii ,so 2aii=0 or aii=0
3 2 1 2200

9. AX = B, where A = [4 1 3] , X = [ ]& B = [3100] , solving x = 300, y = 400 & z = 500.

1 1 1 1200

HINT FOR 3 MARKS QUESTIONS

1. 8A-7I.

4. 1
A-1= −4
[
5
].

42
2 8

5. D= [−191 −110]

77 44

6. 8
[ 10 ]
−1 − 35 − 18
25
[−64 ]
7.
− 3
4

1 2 −1
−1 = [ ].
9.
7
1 3

HINT FOR 5 MARKS QUESTIONS

-1
AA = I; then comparing the matrices and getting linear equations and solve, hence (a + x) – (b + y)
3
₹ 10000 and ₹ 15000 −2
[3/2 2]

27
 DETERMINANTS
Conceptual notes:
Every square matrix can be associated with a number (real or complex), is known as determinant.
Determinant is a a real valued function whose domain is the set of all square matrix.

For a square matrix A, its determinant is denoted by det (A) or | |.Here, |A| denotes determinant value, not modulus of A.
Matrix being an arrangement of numbers has no value, but determinant has a fixed value.
Determinants are not defined for non-square matrix.
11 12

▪
A Determinant corresponding to matrix A = [ 21
22
] of order 2× 2 is

−
.
22 21
|A|= | 11 12| =

11 12

21 22

28
Multiple Choice Questions:

α −2
], |A | = 125, then the value of α
3
1. α

If for a matrix A= [−2

(A) ±3 (B) −3 (C) ±1 (D) 1

2.
If |x + 1 x − 1| = |4 −1
|, then value of x =

x−3 x+2 1 3

(A) ±3 (B) -3 (C) ±2 (D) 2

3. 16 8
then the value(s) of is/are
If | |=| 32|

4 2 8

(A) 8 (B) −8 (C) ±8

(D) 32
4. If A is square matrix of order 3 x 3 such that | | = 4, then the value of |3 | is

(A) 9 (B) 36 (C) 108 (D) None of these

5. If A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3, then | | is equal to

(A) 3 (B) |A|

|A| |A|
2 3
(C) (D)

6.
Let A be a non-singular square matrix of order 3 x 3. The || is

(A) |A|
(B) |A|2 (C) |A|3
(D) 3|A|

29
 7. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that | | = −1 and | | = 3, then the value of the determinant of 3AB is

(A) −9 (B) −27 (C) −81 (D) 81

8.
If A2 − A + I = O, then the inverse of A is

(A) A−2
(B) 1−
(C) O (D) A
9. The value of ( −1
) is

(C) I
(A) (AT)−1 (B) A−1 (D) AT

If the value of a third order determinant is 12, then the value of the determinant formed by
replacing each element by its cofactor will be

(A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 144 (D) 1728

5− +1
11. For what value of , the matrix [ ] is singular?
2 4

(A) = 0(
B) =1
(C) =2
(D) =3

1 1
12. For what value of k, the matrix [ ] will be the adjoint of the matrix = [
−3
]?

2 −3 2 5

(A) = −3 (B) =1 (C) =2 (D) =5

Assertion-Reasoning Questions:
In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of a.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true. 1

(i) Assertion (A): If A is a square matrix of order 3 x 3, such that |A| = 9, then |A¯¹| = 9.
1

Reason (R): For a square matrix A of order n x n, |A¯¹|=| |.

,
(ii) Assertion (A): Δ = | 11
12| = +
11 11 12 12

21 22

where , is element of a determinant and is cofactor of .

Reason (R): For Δ = | |, +

21 + + =0
11 12

21 22 11 12 22

Assertion (A): Points (1, 7), (3, 5)(4, 4) are collinear.

Reason(R): Area of the triangle formed by the points (1, 7), (3, 5)(4, 4) is 0.

30
 1

(iv) Assertion(A): A= [ ] and A =kA then k=

-1

− 19

1
Reason(R) : |A-1| = |A|

Case Based Questions:

Two schools A and B want to award their selected students on the values of Honesty, Hard work and
Punctuality. The school A wants to award Rs. x each, Rs. y each and Rs. z each for the three
respective values to its 3, 2 and 1 students respectively with total award money of ₹ 2200. School B
wants to spend Rs. 3100 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values (by giving the
same award money to the three values as school A). The total amount of award for one prize on
each value is Rs. 1200.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

Write the system of linear equation in variables x, y and z.

Write the matrix equation represented by the above situation.
Find the values of x, y and z.
OR +
Find the value of .

On his birthday Rahul decided to donate some money to the children of an orphanage home. If there
were 8 children less, everyone would have got Rs.10 more. Howeverif there were16 children
more,everyone would have got Rs. 10 less.Using matrix method find the number of children and
amount distributed by Rahul.

Gautam buys 5 pens, 3 bags and 1 instrument boxe and pays a sum of Rs.160. From the sameshop,
Vikram buys 2 pens, 1 bag and 3 instrument boxes and pays a sum of Rs.190. Also, Ankur buys 1
pen, 2 bags and 4 instrument boxes and pays a sum of Rs. 250.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Convert the given above situation into a matrix equation of the form AX = B.

31
 -1
Find A
-1
Using A find the cost of a pen, a bag and an instrument box.
A scholarship is a sum of money provided to a student to help him or her pay for education. Some
students are granted scholarships based on their academic achievements while others are
rewarded based on their financial needs. Every year a school offers scholarships to girl children and
meritorious achievers based on certain criteria in the session 2023-24, the school offered monthly
scholarship of Rs. 3000 each to some girl students and Rs. 4000 each to meritorious achievers in
academics as well as sports. In all 50 students were given the scholarships and monthly expenditure
incurred by the school on scholarship was Rs180000.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

Express the given information algebraically using matrices.
Check whether the system of matrix equations so obtained is consistent or not.
Find the number of scholarships of each kind given by the school using matrices.
Had the amount of scholarship given to each girl child and meritorious student been interchanged,
what would be the monthly expenditure incurred by the school?

In a city there are two factories A and B. Each factory produces sports clothes for boys and girls. There
are three types of clothes produced in both the factories, type I, II and III. For boys the number of
units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 70 and 65 in factory A and 85, 65 and 72 are in factory
B. For girls the number of units of types I, II and III respectively are 80, 75, 90 in factory A and 50,
55, 80 are in factory B.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

32
i) Total units of type I produced for boys? ii) Total production of each type for boys? iii) Total production
of each type for girls?

Three schools DPS, CVC and KVS decided to organize a fair for collecting money for helping the flood
victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from recycled material at a cost of Rs. 25,
Rs.100 and Rs. 50 each respectively. The numbers of articles sold are given as
School /Article DPS CVC KVS
Handmade fans 40 25 35
Mats 50 40 50
Plates 20 3) 40

Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:

(i)What is the total money (in Rupees) collected by the school DPS?

What is the total amount of money (in Rs.) collected by schools CVC and KVS? (iii)What is
the total amount of money collected by all three schools DPS, CVC and KVS?

(iv)If the number of handmade fans and plates are interchanged for all the schools, then what is the
total money collected by all schools?
(v)How many articles (in total) are sold by three schools?

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

(i) If A is a 3 × 3 invertible matrix, then what will be the value of k if det( −1
) = (det ) .
(ii) If for any 2× 2 square matrix A, ( )=[
8 0
], then write the value of | |.

0 8

3 −1

(iii) If | | = 3 and −1
=[ 5
2 ] find A.

−
3 3

(iv) Find
−1
if = [
2 5
].

1 3

2 −3

(v) A square matrix A is invertible if A is non-singular. Now if A=[0 2 5 ] then for which value of p, A-1

1 1 3

exists?
Short Answer Type Questions:

(i) If = [
2 3
] be such that −1
= , then find the value of k.

5 −2

1 3 3

(ii) If A = [1 4 3], then verify that . ( ) = | |I.

1 3 4

33
(iii) Verify A(adj. A) =(adj. A)A = (det A). I for A =[ ]

2 3

−4 −6

The monthly incomes of two brothers Sirish and Srijan are in the ratio 3:4 and the monthly expenditures
are in the ratio 5:7. Each brother saves Rs. 15000 per month. Using matrix find their monthly income.

Long Answer Type Questions:

1 2 2

(i) If A = [2 1 −1 2
2], find and hence prove that −4 −5 = .

2 2 1

(ii)The sum of three numbers is 2. If we subtract the second number from twice the first number, we get 3.
By adding double the second number and the third number we get 0. Represent it algebraically and find
the numbers using matrix method.

(iii) Solve the following system of equations, using matrices:

+ + = 4, - + =1 and + - =2
2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20

1 − 2
(iv)If A = [ ] then show that A’A-1 = [
− 2
]

− 1 2 − 2

−4 4 4 1 −1 1

(v)Determine the product [−7 1 3 ][1 −2 −2] and use it to solve the following system of
5 −3 −1 2 1 3

equations:

x– y + z = 4, x – 2y – 2z = 9, 2x + y + 3z = 1

(vi)An amount of Rs 5000 is put into three investments at the rate of interest of 6%, 7% and 8% per annum respectively. The
total annual income from these investments is Rs 358. If the total annual income from first two investments is Rs 70 more than
the income from the third, find the amount of each investment by the matrix method.

0 1 1 2
−3
−1 0 −1 .
(Vii) Find if = [1 1] and show that = 2

1 1 0

Self-practice requisitions

(i) The matrix [ + 3 ] is singular matrix, for k equal to

4 3

1+2 2

(a) 0 (b) −1
(c) 1 (d) no value of k

34
 − 12 are

6 −2
(ii) The values of x for which | |= 2

2 4

(a) −2,14 (b) 2, −14 (c) −2, −14

(d) None of these

Three vegetable shopkeepers A, B and C are using polythene bags. Handmade bags which are prepared by
old age home workers and newspapers' envelope as carry bags. It is found that A, B and C are using (20, 30,
40), (30, 40, 20) and (40, 20, 30) polythene bags, handmade bags, and newspaper envelopes respectively.
The shopkeepers A, B, and C spent 250, 270 and 200 on these bags respectively.
Based on the above information answer the following:
What is the cost of one handmade bag?
What is the cost of one polythene bag?
Which vegetable shopkeeper is better, based on the social condition?
OR
Which vegetable shopkeeper is better, based on the environmental condition?

(iv) Raja purchases 3 pens, 2 pencils and 1 mathematics instrument box and pays 41 to the shopkeeper. His
friends, Daya and Anil purchases 2 pens, 1 pencil, 2 instrument boxes and 2 pens, 2 pencils and 2
mathematical instrument boxes respectively. Daya and Anil pays 29 and 44 respectively.
Based on the above information answer the following
Find the cost of one pen.
Find the cost of one pen and one mathematical instrument box.

′
= , then write the value of | |.
Find the cost of one pencil and one mathematical instrumental box.
If A is a square matrix satisfying
If A is a square matrix satisfying A ′ = I, then write the value of |A|.
If A is a 3 × 3 matrix, | | ≠ 0 and |3 | = | |, ℎ find the value of k.

1
(viii) If = [
2 0
] and −1
=[
0
], find the value of x.

−1 2

(ix) For = [
3 −4
] write −1
.

1 −1

1 1 1

(x) Show that for the matrix = [1 2 3 2 −1

−3], −6 + 5 + 11 = 0. hence, find .

2 −1 3

35
Answer-Key for the Multiple Choice Questions:
2) (d) 2 3) 4) (C) 108
1)( ) ± 3 (C) ±8 |A| 6) (B) |A|
3 2
5) (D)

9)
7) (C) −81 8)(B) 1− 11) (D) = 3 12) (D) = 5
(A) (A )
T −1
10) (C) 144

Answer-Key for the Assertion-Reasoning Questions:

(i) (a) (ii) (c) (iii) (a) (iv) (b)
Answer-Key for the Case Based Questions: ,

x=300,y=400,z=500. 2) = 32, = 30. 3) = 10, = 20, = 50. 4) x=20,y=30.5. (i)165, (ii) 437,(iii) 430 6. (i) Total money collected by the school DPS is Rs. 7000, (ii) Rs.14000,
(iii)Rs.21000, (iv) Rs.21000,

(v) 330.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

2
1 3 −5 −8
(i)k=-1 (ii) | | = 8 (iii)3 [
3

5
]
(iv)[−1 2
]. (v) p≠ 5
.
3 3

Answer-Key− 6for
− 3
the Short Answer Type Questions:
= (iii)= [ 4 ], det A=0. (iv) Rs.30000 & Rs.15000.
1
19 . 2

Answer-Key for the Long Answer Type Questions:

−3 2 2
1
=
−1
(i) 5
[2 −3 2 ] (ii)x = 1, y = – 2, z = 2 (iii) x=2 ,y=3,z=5 (v) x =3, y = -2 & z =-1.
2 2 −3

(vi) x=1000, y=2200,z=1800

(Vii)
.
2
=
−1 −3

Answer-Key for the self-practice questions:

(i) (d) no value of k (ii) 1
.
(a) -2,14 (iv) x=2, y=15, z=5. (v) |A|=±1 (vii)K = 9. (viii) x =
2

−3 4 5
1
−1
(ix) = [9 −1 −4]
11

5 −3 −1

36
 CONTINUITY& DIFFERENTIABILITY
KEY POINTS:
A function f is said to be continuous at x = a if

Left hand limit = Right hand limit = (value of the function at x = a)

lim f (x) = lim f (x) = f (a)
i.e. x→a − x→a +

lim f (x) = f (a)

i.e. x→a

Properties of continuous function:

If f and g are two continuous functions at a point a, then

(i) f + g is continuous at (ii ) f – g is continuous at

(iii) f.g is continuous at (iv)
is continuous at , provided ( ) ≠ 0

(v)the composition functions are continuous at .

Every polynomial function is continuous

Modulus function (| |) is continuous.

sin x and cos x are continuous in R.

tan x, cot x, sec x, cosec x are continuous in R except the points where these functions are undefined.

Every logarithmic and exponential function is a continuous function. A

function is said to be differentiable at x = a, if
lim f (a − h) − f (a) = lim f (a + h) − f (a)
Lf (a) = Rf (a) i.e h→0 −h h→0 h

Rule
(ku) = k
( ± )= ±

−
(u.v) = v+ ( )=

Formulae
n n–1
(x ) = n x , 1 1
(i) ( )=− ,
(√ )=−
+1

2√

(ii) (x) = 1 (iii) (c) = 0, c ∈ R

(iv) x x x x
(a ) = a log a, a > 0, a ≠ 1. (v) (e ) = e .
(vi) (logax) = 1
, a > 0, a ≠ 1, x>0
(vii) (log x) = , x > 0 1

37
 (viii) (loga| x |) = 1 , a > 0, a ≠ 1, x ≠ 0 (ix) (log | x | ) = 1 , x ≠ 0

(x) (sin x) = cos x, ∀ x ∈ R.

(xi) (cos x) = – sin x, ∀ x ∈ R.

(xii) (tan x) = sec2x, ∀ x ∈ Domain.

(xiii) (cot x) = – cosec2x, ∀ x ∈ Domain.

(xiv) (xv)
(sec x) = sec x tan x, ∀ x ∈ Domain. (cosec x) = – cosec x cot x, ∀ x ∈ Domain.

(xvi) -1 1 (xvii) -1 −1
(sin x) = .(−1≤ ≤1)
(cos x) = .(−1≤ ≤1)

2 2
√1− √1−

(xviii) -1 1
, (xix) -1 −1

(tan x) = 1+
2
∀ x ∈ Domain (cot x) = 1+
2
, ∀ x ∈ Domain.

-1 1 -1 −1
(sec x) = (cosec x) =
(xx) | |√
∀ x ∈ Domain (xxi) | |√
∀ x ∈ Domain

2
−1 2
−1

(xxii) (| x |) = ,x≠0
| |

Differentiation of Implicit Function- If two variables are expressed by some relation the one is
called implicit function of the other.
To find and
( , ) = , (k is a constant) differentiating both side w.r.t x, then collect all the

find this.
For Example : = + ( )⟹ =− + ( ) ( )

⟹ =− + ( )( + )⟹ − ( ) =− + ( )

− + ( )
⟹ =
1− ( )

Logarithmic Differentiation: Logarithmic Differentiation are used for differentiating of functions which
consists of the product or quotients of a number of functions and/or the function is of type [ ( )] . Method – If = [ ( )] , by taking log and using properties of log, we
( ) ( )

get
= ( ) ( ) , differentiating both side w.r.t x , we have
1 1

= ′( ) ( ) + ( ). ( )
′

= [ ( ) ( ) + ( ). ( )]
( )
′ 1 ′
( )

variables say t i.e., = ( ) = ( ). This form is called parametric form and t is called parameter.
Parametric Form : Sometimes we come across the function when both x and y are expressed in terms of another
=

38
 QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.
The function f(x) = [ ] is continuous at

(a)4 ( b ) -2 ( c) 1 ( d ) 1.5

3 −5, ≤5

2. If ( )

={
2 , >5,

is continuous at x=5 then k is

( a ) 5 ( b ) 10 ( c ) 15 (d) 20
then the value of is
If y = log tan √
3.

1 2
√
2
√

(a) 2√
(b) √√
(c)2 √
2 (d) 2√√

4. If y = ( cos x2 )2 then is

2 2 2 2
( a ) -4 x sin 2x ( b ) – x sin x ( c ) -2 x sin 2x ( d ) - x cos 2x
5. If y = cot-1( x2 ) then the value of is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2 2 −2 −2

1+ 1+
√1+4
2 4 2
√1+

6. If x = t2 and y = t3 then 2
is equal to
2

(a) 3

(b) 3

(c) 3

(d) 3

2
4 2 2

7. Derivative of w.r.t is
x2 x3
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 2
(d) 3

3 3 2

<0
8. If ( ) = { ||

3≥ 0

is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k is

(a) – 3 (b) 0 (c) 3 (d) any real number
9. The set of all points where the function ( ) = + | | is differentiable, is

(a)(0, ∞) (b) (−∞, 0)

(c) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (d) (−∞, ∞)
The function ( ) = | | ∶

continuous and differentiable at x = 0

continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
not continuous but differentiable at x = 0
neither continuous nor differentiable at x = 0

39
In the following questions (11 - 14), a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
Assertion(A) : f(x) = [ ] not continuous at x = 2
Reason(R) : f(x) = [ ] not differentiable at x = 2

12. Assertion(A) : The value of x for which the function ( ) =

2
−3 −4

2+3 −4 is not continuous at – 4 and 1.

( )
Reason(R) : The value of x for which the function ( ) = ℎ( ) is not continuous given by ℎ( ) = 0
Assertion(A) : If ( ). ( ) is continuous at x = a, then ( ) and ( ) are separately continuous.
Reason(R) : Any function ( ) is said to be continuous at x = a if ( ) = ( )
Assertion(A) : || is a continuous function.
Reason(R) : If ( ) and ( ) are both continuous functions, then ( ) ( ) is also

continuous.
2-MARKS QUESTIONS
1− 4
, ≠0
15. If the function ( ) = { 8
2

, =0

is continuous at x=0 then find the value of k.

16. Find the value of m, for which the function

>0
0( ) = {
( 2
− ),

cos, ≤0

is continuous at = 0.

17. Show that the function ( ) = | − 3| ∈ , is continuous but not differentiable at = 3.

18.
If ( ) = {
, ≥1
2

, <1

then show that f is not differentiable at x = 1

19. For what value of k is the following function is continuous at x=2
2 +1, <2
( )={ , =2
3 −1, >2

40
20. If( + ) + ( + ) = 0, = ( +
)
then prove that

3-MARKS QUESTIONS
If = +then find .
If = , then prove that − ( )2 − = 0
2 1

ℎ =
2

−1
√1 + + √1 + = 0 , (1+ ) 2
(√1− 2) . . (2 √1 − )
1 2
If
Differentiate
3 + <1
25. If ( ) = { 11 =1
5 −2 >1

is continuous at x = 1, find a and b.

If x=√ −1
, y=√ −1
. Show that = −

5-MARKS QUESTIONS

If = ( + )= ( − ), 0 <
22 2

27. <
2
, find 2
,

2
and 2
.

28. 2

+ 1) = 2.
If y=( −1
) 2. Show that ( 2
+ 1)2 +2 ( 2

4-MARKS QUESTIONS (CASE BASED)

The use of electric vehicles will be curb air pollution in the
long run. The use of electric vehicles is increasing
every year and estimated electric vehicles in use at
any time t is given by the function V:
( )= − + 25 − 2, where t represents
1 3 5 2
5 2

the time and t = 1, 2, 3,….. corresponds to year 2001,2002,2003,…respectively.

Based on the above information , answer the following questions
Can the above function be used to estimate the number of vehicles in the year 2000? Justify.
Is the function continuous? Justify.
Find the slope of the tangent to the curve at t = 3,( i.e derivative V w.r.t time t at t=3)
A potter made a vessel, where the shape of the pot is
based on ( ) = | − 3| + | − 2|, where f(x) represents the height of the pot.

When x > 4 what will be the height in terms of x?

Will the derivative vary with x?
41
 What is at x = 3 ?

if the potter is trying to make a pot using

the function ( ) = [ ], will he get pot or not ? Justify.

SOLUTION
√
2
−2 3
1) ( d ) 1.5 2)( a ) 5 3)( d ) 2 5)( c ) 6)( b )
2√√
4)( c ) -2 x sin 2x 4
1+ 4

7)( b ) 2
8)(a) – 3 9)(c) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
10)( a ) 11) (b) 12)(a)
3

13)(d) 14) (a) 15) K= 1 16) no value of exists 17) continuous but not

differentiable at = 3.
18) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1. 19) k=5.
sin x cos x
(cos x ) + (sin x)
21) Let y=
y = v + u (let) , proceed now
Taking log on both sides, we get= ., now differentiate
22) Given, =

23)x√1 + = − √1 + ; square it, simplify and bring = −

1+
and then differentiate.
1

24) 25) =3, =2

2

Differentiating both side w.r.t x, we have

26) Here = ( −1
+ −1
)/2 = /4

27) Here
+ .1=0⟹ =− =
3

29) (i) no. (ii) Since the function is polynomial, hence it is continuous. (iii) 77

30) (i) ( ) = 2 − 5> 4

(ii) derivative varies with x (iv)pot is not possible.

42
 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

KEY POINTS:

RATE OF CHANGE OF QUANTITIES

The rate of change of area of a circle(A) with respect to radius ‘r’ =

As we know that area of circle (A) = , =2

2

The rate of change of area of a circle(A) with respect to time ‘t’=

As we know that area of circle (A) = 2

, =2

3 2
The rate of change of volume of a cube (v) with respect to time ‘t’ = If edge of cube is , then V= and so = 3
The rate of change of surface area of a cube (S) with respect to time ‘t’ = dS
dt
If edge of cube is , then S= 6 2 and dSdt = 12

The perimeter P of a rectangle (of length and breadth ) = = 2( + ) Therefore, the rate of change of perimeter with respect to time ‘t’, = 2 ( + )
The area A of a rectangle (of length and breadth )= =
Therefore, the rate of change of area with respect to time ‘t’ = =+

The volume of a sphere (V) = 4

3
3

Therefore, the rate of change of the volume of a sphere (V) with respect to time ‘t’= = 4
,( r is the radius of sphere)
2

The surface area of a sphere (S) = 4 2

,( r is the radius of sphere)
Therefore, the rate of change of the surface area of a sphere (S) with respect to time ‘t’= =

The volume of a cone of radius ‘r’ and height ‘h’= 13 2ℎ

Therefore, the rate of change of the volume of a cone (V) with respect to time‘t’= = 2
3
ℎ

The marginal cost at a given value , of the total cost C ( ) in Rupees associated with the production of units = ′( )

The marginal revenue at a given value , of the total revenue R ( ) in Rupees received from the sale of units of a product = ′( )

43
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTIONS

DEFINITION (A)
Let I be an interval contained in the domain of a real valued function, then
1 < 2 ⟹ ( 1) ≤ ( 2) 1, 2 ∈I
f is said to be strictly increasing function, if 1 < 2 ⟹ f(x1) < f(x2) for all 1, 2 ∈ I
f is said to be increasing function, if for all
f is said to be decreasing function, if 1 < 2 ⟹ ( 1) ≥ ( 2) for all 1, 2 ∈ I
f is said to be strictly decreasing function, if 1 < 2 ⟹ ( 1) > ( 2) for all 1, 2 ∈ I

DEFINITION (B)
Let f be continuous function on [ , ] and differentiable on ( , ), then
f is said to be strictly increasing in [ , ] if ′( ) > 0 for each ∈ ( , ).
f is said to be strictly decreasing in [ , ] if ′( ) < 0 for each ∈ ( , ).
f is said to be constant function in [ , ] if ′( ) = 0 for each ∈ ( , ).

Note: If a function f is strictly increasing on ( , ) ( , ) , then f is neither increasing nor decreasing on ( , )

PROCESS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

ALGORITHM 1: For strictly increasing function

Step I
Let 1 < 2

Step II
Find ( 1)

Step III
Find ( 2)

Step IV
Show that f(x1) < f(x2)

ALGORITHM 2: For strictly decreasing function

Step I
Let 1 < 2

Step II
Find ( 1)

Step III
Find ( 2)

Step IV
Show that f(x1) > f(x2)

ALGORITHM 3: For increasing function

Step I
Obtain the function and let it as ( )

44
Step II Find ′( )

Step III
observe if ( ) > 0
′

ALGORITHM 4: For decreasing function

Step I
Obtain the function and let it as ( )

Step II
Find ′( )

Step III
observe if ( ) < 0
′

TO FIND THE INTERVAL IN WHICH FUNCTION IS INCREASING OR DECREASING

ALGORITHM 5: For increasing function

Step I obtain the function and let it as ( )
Step II Find ′( )
Step III Put ( ) > 0 and solve the in-equation.
′

ALGORITHM 6: For decreasing function

Step I obtain the function and let it as ( )
Step II Find ′( )
Step III Put ( ) < 0 and solve the in-equation
′

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

Maximum value of a function: Let ( ) be a real valued function defined on[ , ]. Then ( ) is said to have maximum value in [ , ] if there exist a point ‘c’ in [ , ] such that ( ) ≤ ( ) for all ∈ [ ,
].

Minimum value of a function: Let ( ) be a real valued function defined on[ , ]. Then ( ) is said to have minimum value in [ , ] if there exist a point ‘c’ in [ , ] such that ( ) ≥ ( ) for all ∈ [ ,
].

LOCAL MAXIMA AND LOCAL MINIMA

if there exists a neighbourhood ( − , + )
if there exists a neighbourhood ( − , + )

A function ( ) is said to attain a local maximum at = of a such that ( ) < ( ) for all ∈ ( − , + ),
≠.

A function ( ) is said to attain a local minimum at = of a such that ( ) > ( ) for all ∈ ( − , + ),
≠.

45
FIRST DERIVATIVE TEST FOR LOCAL MAXIMA AND MINIMA

WORKING RULE
Step I
obtain the function and let it as ( )

Step II
Find ′( )

Step III
Put ( ) = 0, to get the values of (Known as CRITICAL POINTS)
′

Step IV observe the behavior of function at critical points say c

Take a value slightly < c Take a value slightly > c Nature of point
Sign of ′( ) + − Maximum
Sign of ′( ) − + Minimum
Sign of ′( ) + + Neither maximum nor
minimum

Sign of ′( ) − − Neither maximum nor

minimum

NOTE: When ( ) = , but ′( ) does not change sign as we move from left to right through p, then f has a point of inflexion at = .
′

SECOND DERIVATIVE TEST FOR FINDING MAXIMA AND MINIMA AT A POINT

WORKING RULE
( )

Step I obtain the function and let it as

Find ′( )

Step II
Put ′( ) = 0, to get the values of

Step III (Known as CRITICAL POINTS)

Find ′′( )

Step IV
Find ′′( )

Step V at required Critical point/points i.e c

( ).
If ′′( ) at c i.e ′′( ) < 0
Step VI , then f has maxima at c and maximum value of function is
( ).
If ′′( ) at c i.e ′′( )>0

Step VII , then f has minima at c and minimum value of function is

46
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)
If the rate of change of area of a circle is equal to the rate of change of its diameter , then its
radius is
(i) unit 2

(ii) unit 1

(iv) unit
(iii) 2 unit

If the radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.5 cm/s, then the rate of increase of its
circumference is
(i) cm/sec (ii) 2 cm/sec
(iii) 1 cm/sec (iv) 1 cm/sec
2 4

The radius of a circular plate is increasing at the rate of 0.01 cm/sec. The rate of increase of

its area when the radius is 12 cm, is

(i) 144 2/ (ii) 2.4 2/ (iii) 0.24 2/ (iv) 0.024 2/

The radius of a sphere is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm/s . The rate at which the volume

of the sphere increases when radius is 15 cm is

(i) 12 3/ (ii) 180 3/ (iii) 225 3/ (iv) 3 3/

The interval on which the function ( ) = 2 3
+9 2
+ 12 − 5 is decreasing is

(i) (−1, ∞)
(ii) (−∞, −2)

(iii) (−2, −1)

(iv) [−1,1]
The function ( ) = 3
+ 3 is increasing in the interval

(i) (−∞, 0)
(ii) (0, ∞)

(iii) (iv) (0,1)

3
The function ( ) = − 27 + 5 is increasing when

(i) < −3 (ii) | | > 3 (iii) ≤ −3 (iv) | | ≥ 3

The function ( ) = 2 −
is strictly increasing at

(i) (−∞, ∞) (ii) (0,2)

(iii) (2, ∞) (iv) (−∞, 0)

If the sides of a square are decreasing at the rate of 1.5 cm/s, the rate of decrease of its
perimeter is
(i) 1.5 cm/s (ii) 6 cm/s
(iii) 3 cm/s (iv) 2.25 cm/s
The rate of change of surface area of a sphere with respect to its radius ‘r, when r= 4 cm is
47
 (i) (ii)

2 2
64 / 48 /

(iii) 32 2
/
(iv) 16 2
/

ANSWERS (MCQ)
1) (ii) 2) (i) 3) (iii) 4) (ii) 5) (iii) 6) (iii) 7) (ii) 8) (ii) 9) (ii) 10) (iii)

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 MARKS)

A spherical ball of salt is dissolved in water in such a manner that the rate of decrease of volume at
any instant is proportional to the surface. Palak claims that the radius of salt ball is decreasing at a
constant rate.
Is Palak’s claim right? Show steps to justify your answer.

The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate. Show that the increase in surface area is
inversely proportional to the length of edge of the cube.
The amount of pollution content added in air in a city due to diesel vehicles is given by ( ) = 0.005 + 0.02 + 30 .
3 2

Find the marginal increase in pollution content when Ravi uses 3 diesel vehicles.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 MARKS)

Find the intervals in which the function ( ) = is strictly increasing or decreasing.

minimum values of the function f given by ( ) = + on the interval [1,2]

2
Find the absolute maximum and 2
Find the values of for which = [ ( − 2)] is an increasing function.
2

Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function f given by ( ) = 4 − 1 2
2
[−2, 2 ]
9
, x∈

Find the maximum and minimum values of the function f given by ( ) =+ , ∈ (0, 2)

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)

It is given that f(x) = x − 62x + ax + 9 attains local maximum value at = 1. Find the value of
4 2

‘a ‘, hence obtain all other points where the given function ( ) attains local maximum or minimum values.

The perimeter of a rectangle metallic sheet is 300 cm. It is rolled along one of its sides to form a
cylinder. Find the dimensions of the rectangular sheet so that volume of the cylinder so formed is
maximum.

48
 A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a square
and the other into a circle. What should be the length of the two pieces so that the combined area
of the square and circle is minimum?

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

In order to set up a rainwater harvesting system, a tank to collect rainwater is to be dug. The tank
should have a square base and a capacity of 250 . The cost of land is Rs. 5000 per and cost of digging increases with depth and for the whole tank, it is 40000ℎ ,where h
3 2 2

is the depth of the tank in meters. is the side of the square base of the tank in meters.

Based on above information, answer the following questions

Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of .
Find

(a) Find the value of for which cost C is minimum.

OR
(b) Check whether the cost function ( ) is expressed in terms of is increasing or not, where > 0.

2. Read the following passage and answer the question given below.

1 2
equation = 4 − 2 ., where is the number of days exposed to the sunlight for ≤ 3.
The relation between the height of the plant ( in cm) with respect to its exposure to the sunlight is governed by the following

Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to the number of days exposed to the sunlight.

Does the rate of growth of the plant increase or decrease in the first three days? What will be
the height of the plant after 2 days?
SELF PRACTICE QUESTIONS
A cylindrical tank of radius 10 m is being filled with wheat at the rate of 314 /ℎ
3
. Then the depth of the wheat is increasing at the rate of

(a) 1 /ℎ (b) 0.1 /ℎ (c) 1.1 /ℎ /ℎ [1]

3 3 3 3
(d) 0.5

A circular disc of radius 3 cm is being heated. Due to expansion its radius increases at the rate of 0.05
cm/s. Find the rate at which its area is increasing when radius is 3.2 cm. [2]
The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base b are decreasing at the rate of 3 cm/s. How
fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides are equal to the base? [2]
49
 −1
Show that the function ( ) = ( + ), > 0 is always an strictly increasing function
in
[3]
Find the intervals in which ( ) = 10
3 4
− 4
5
3
−3 2
+ 36
5 + 11is strictly increasing or strictly

decreasing. [3]
6. (0, 4).

Find the intervals in which ( ) = 3

+
1
, ≠ 0 is increasing or decreasing.
[3]
3

7. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides , open at the top is to be constructed so that its
3
depth is 2 m and volume is 8 . If building of tank costs Rs. 70 per square meters for the base and Rs.

45 per square meter for sides. What is the cost of least expensive tank? [5]
8. A window is in the form of a rectangle surmounted by a semi circular opening. The total perimeter of
the window is 10 m. find the dimension of the window to admit maximum light through the whole
opening. [5]

50
 INTEGRALS
IMPORTANT POINTS:
1. () () ()
∫ ℎ ( )≥ ( ), ℎ ∫ =∫{ ( )+ }

( )= ( )=
() () ()

Idea to apply Substitution method

, ( ), ( ), ( ) or any trigonometric/ITF, put ( ) = and solve.
( ) −
For the function of type

Use rationalization method for the following functions:

and
; ; ; ; ; ;

± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±

Apply trigonometric identity, divide separately and integrate.

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF CALCULUS
Let f be continuous on [ , ] . If F is any antiderivative for f on [ , ] , then
∫ ( ) = ( )− ( ).

ᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀЀĀĀĀЀĀȀĀ⸀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

∫ ( ) =∫ ( )

∫ ( ) =−∫ ( )

∫ ( ) =∫ ( ) +∫ ( )

∫ ( ) =∫ ( + − )

∫0 ( ) = ∫0 ( − )
∫ 02 ( ) = ∫0 ( ) + ∫0 (2 − )

(vii) 2 2 ( ) , (2 − ) = ( )
∫
∫

( ) ={ 0

0
0, (2 − ) = − ( )

(viii) 2 ( ) , ( ) . . (− ) = ( )
∫ ( ) ={
∫

−
0 , ( ) . . (− ) = − ( )

51
52
 MCQ
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q1 -1
sec x dx = ?
2 2
a)
x sec-1 x + log |x + √ b) x sec
-1
x + log |x - √
− 1|+C − 1|+C

− 1|+C − 1|+C
2 2
c)
x sec-1 x + log |x + √ d) x sec
-1
x - log |x + √

Q2 Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Then, ∫
1
[ ] −1 =

−1

a)2 b)-1 c) 0 d) 1

Q3 ∫ exsecx(1 + tanx)dx is equal to

(a) excosx + c (b) exsecx + c

(c) exsinx + c (d) extanx + c

4 Ȁ⸀ĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀȀ⸀Ā
̀ ᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ (1 +) is equal to
(a) logx + C (b) +C
(c) + C (d) + 1 + C
log

is equal to
5 ∫
(a) sin x+C (b) cos x+C (c) –cos x+C (d) –sin x+C
∫cot²x dx equals to
6
(a) cot x – x + C (b) cot x + x + C (c) –cot x + x + C (d) –cot x – x + C

7 ∀ĠᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀ∀ĠᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀĀᜀ (log i + cot )

(a)log i + C (b) cot +C (c) tan +C (d) (log cos - cot )
( 2 − 2 )
+C
8 ( − ) is equal to where θ is constant

(a) 2(sin x + x cos θ) + C (b) 2(sin x – x cos θ) + C

(c) 2(sin x + 2x cos θ) + C (d) 2(sin x – 2x cos θ) + C
If ∫ sec²(7 – 4x)dx = a tan (7 – 4x) + C, then value of a is
Q.9 (a) 7 (b) –4 (c) 3 (d) −1/4

+
1 equals …..
The anti-derivative of √
10 √

(a) 1
1⁄3

(b) 2
2⁄3

1
+
+2 1/2 1/2
+C +C
3 3 2

(c) 3
3⁄2

(d) 2
3⁄2

+
+2 1/2 1/2
+C +C
2 3 2

(10 +10 log 10)

= …….
∫
9

11 10
+10

(a) 10 − 10 +c (b) 10 + 10 +c
(c) (10 + )
10 −1
+(d) log( 10
+ 10 )+c

53
 sin2x− cos² x
12 is equal to sin² x cos² x
(a) tan x + cot x + C (b) tan x + cosec x + C (c) − tan x + cot x + C (d) tan x + sec x + C
∫
(1+ )
2( )
(a) − cot( )+ (b) tan( )+ (c) tan( ) + (d) cot( ) +

( 2+1)
= …….

1 1

(a) log| | − log(

2
+ 1) + (b) log| | + log(
2
+1)+

13 2 2

(c) − log| | +
1
log( 2
+1)+
(d) 1
log| | + log( 2
+1)+

2 2

14 ∫√1+ 2

(a) √1+
2
+
1
log( + √1+
2
)+
(b) 2
(1 +
2 3⁄2
)
+

2
2 3

2 2
1

(c) (1 + ) + (d)
2 3⁄2
√1 2
+ 2 2
)+
+ log( + √1 +
3 2 2

∫23 =⋯
15
(a) 1 3
+ (b) 1 2
+ (c) 1 3
+ (d) 1 2
+

3 3
2 2

MCQ
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
√
∫ dx =…

16
2
0 √ +√

(a) /2 (b) /3 (c) /4 (d)

1

∫|1−| =⋯

−1

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) 1

2+
∫1 log ( ) =⋯
1
−1
2−

(a) e (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

∫ ⁄2
log( ) =⋯
2 0

(a) ⁄4 log (b) ⁄8 log 2

(c) 0 (d) ⁄8 log 8

2022

∫ ⁄2 sin−1= ⋯

− ⁄2

3 (a) 2022/2021 (b) 2021/2022 (c) 1 (d) 0

∫ ( ) = −2020, ℎ ∫
( − ) =⋯

0 0

4 (a) 0 (d) 1
(b) −2020 (c) 2020

∫−55| | =⋯

5 54

7
 (a) 0 (b) 25/2 (c) 25 (d) 50
8 ∫
⁄4 sin
2
√

0 √

(a) 2 (b)1 (c) (d) /2

9 ∫
⁄2
cos= ⋯

(a) 0 (b) e (c) e-1 ⁄2

(d)

10 ∫01
1+
2

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ⁄2 (d) ⁄4

11 ∫ ⁄4
sin 2 =⋯

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) ½ (d) ⁄2

12 ∫03
9+
2

(a) ⁄12 (b) ⁄2 (c) ⁄4

(d)

∫
2
13

(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) log2 (d) 1

14 ∫2 2
√4−

(a) (b) 2 (c) /2 (d) /4

15 If ∫1(3 2
+2 + ) =0, ℎ ℎ .

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) 4

SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS

1 Integrate √

with respect to x.
√

2 Evaluate: ∫ 3

3 Evaluate:
∫
2

3+

Evaluate: 2
4 ∫
(
+ )2

5
+6

Evaluate: ∫

3 2+ 6

6 Evaluate: ∫

22

7 Evaluate: ∫
2

8
2
−1

Evaluate: ∫ 2
+1

9 Evaluate: ∫
3 +2

( − 1)(2 + 3)

55
 Evaluate: ∫
Integrate √1 − 4 −
2
with respect to x.
√ 2 + 4 + 10
Evaluate:∫
Evaluate: ∫
2 − 6 + 13

√6 − 4 − 2
Evaluate:∫

(3 −1)

Evaluate: = ∫
10 ( + 2)2

11 SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
12
Evaluate: ∫24
13 2
+1

1 −1

14 Evaluate: ∫0
1+ 2

Evaluate: ∫0
/4
15 If ∫ 3 2
= 8 , then find ‘a’.

Evaluate: ∫1 17 4

−1

−
Evaluate: ∫
2

1+

1 0

Evaluate: = ∫

2
2

0 1+√

(1 − )
Evaluate: ∫1

3 0

Evaluate: ∫8 √

4 2√10− + √

Evaluate: ∫5 √

5
2√7− +√

√
6 Evaluate: ∫3

1+ √

Evaluate: ∫04 (1 + )
6

7 +

Evaluate: ∫02 (3 + 5 )
3 + 5
Evaluate: ∫2

01+

Evaluate: ∫28| − 5|

10
56
11

12

13

14

15
 LONG – ANSWER QUESTIONS
INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
( − 1)2( + 2)
Integrate with respect to x.

1 Evaluate: =∫ 1+
1

Evaluate: = ∫
( + 1)
2

2
( 2
+ 4)( 2
+ 25)

( + 2)

3 Find: ∫

2
√ +2 +3

(5 +3)

4 Evaluate:∫

2
√ +4 +10

Evaluate ∫
2

5
( + 1)

( + 1)

Evaluate ∫ ( 1 −
)
6
1 −

Evaluate ∫
7
3 2+13 −10

Evaluate: = ∫
8
( 2
+ 1) ( 2
+ 3)

Evaluate: =∫
9
( 2
+ 1) ( − 1)

2
1−

10 Evaluate: =∫

(1 − 2 )

Evaluate: = ∫
2

11
( 2
+ 1) ( 2
+ 4)

12 Evaluate: = ∫

( 8
+ 1)

Integrate ( 1 +
) with respect to x.
13 1 +

Evaluate: 1
∫{ ( )+ }
14 ( )
2

15 LONG – ANSWER QUESTIONS

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Evaluate: ∫14| − 1| +| − 2| + | − 3| dx.
Evaluate: ∫0 (1+ )

Evaluate: ∫

1 Evaluate: = ∫2

0
(

2
− ) =∫2

Evaluate: ∫2 | 3
− |
2
−1

3 Evaluate: ∫
2
(2−2 )

4 Evaluate: =∫

0 1+

5 57

7
 −1 2
8 Evaluate: = (1− + )

1
∫0
10

Evaluate: = ∫0 (√
/4 +√ )

2 2

Evaluate: = ∫

−2 1+5

ASSERTION – REASON: INTEGRALS

Each of these questions contains two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct
answer. You have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.

Assertion is correct, Reason is correct; Reason is a correct explanation for

assertion.

Assertion is correct, Reason is correct; Reason is not a correct explanation for

Assertion.
1
Assertion is correct, Reason is incorrect.
Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.
Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
2 Assertion : ∫x 2 dx = +c

2
Reason : To solve above integral put x = t.

3 2 3 3 3
Assertion : ∫ 3x (cos x + 8)dx = sin x + 8x + C
Reason : The above integration is solved using substitution method.

4 Assertion :∫2√=0

Reason makes the integrand in I as a rational function.

: = 2

Assertion : ∫2 (
1+
) =0

5 −2 1−

Reason : If is an odd function, then ∫

( ) =0

Assertion : If the derivative of the function is ( ) = 1 , then the anti –

derivative is ∫1 =+

Reason : If then the corresponding integral of the

+1

)=
(

4. +1

function is
+1

∫= + , ≠−1.
+1

Assertion : If ∫ ( ) = ( ),
then ∫ ( ) = ′
( ) + , where C

is an arbitrary constant.
58
 Reason : Process of differentiation and integration are inverse of each other.
5. Assertion : Geometrically, derivative of a function is the slope of the tangent
to the corresponding curve at a point.
Reason : Geometrically, indefinite integral of a function represents a family
of curves parallel to each other.
ANSWER KEY(MCQ INDEFINITE INTEGRALS)

(d) 2) (c ) 3) (c ) 4) (d) 5) (a) 6) (a) 7) (d) 8) (d) 9) (d) 10) (a) 11) (b) 12) (a) 13) (a) 14) (a) 15) (b)

ANSWER KEY(MCQ DEFINITE INTEGRALS)

(c) 2) (c ) 3) (b) 4) (c) 5) (d) 6) (b) 7) (c) 8) (a) 9) (c) 10) (d) 11) (c) 12) (a) 13) (c) 14) (a) 15) (c)

SHORT – ANSWER QUESTIONS

DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q. 6
Use property∫0 ( ) = ∫0 ( − )

Q. 8 1

I =∫0 (1 − )

( ) =∫
1
=∫ (1 − )(1 − (1 − )); use property∫ ( − )

0 0 0

Q. 9 use property∫0 ( ) = ∫0 ( − )

Q. 10
We know that ∫ ( ) =∫ ( + − ) ,

= ∫5
√
………………..(i) = ∫5 √2+5−

2 √7− +√

2
√7−(2+5− )+√2+5−

Q. 11
π π

dx dx

I= ∫π3 = ∫ π3

π π

6 6

1+√tan( + −x) 1+√cotx

6 3

Q. 12
4

=∫{1+ ( − )}
4

1−
=∫4{1 + }

0 1+

Q. 13 +
+2
2 2

∫2 = ∫2

0 1+ 0 2
2
2

Q. 14 Using log a =loga – logb and use a f (x)dx =a f (a − x)dx

b 0 0

Q. 15 8 5 8

=∫ | −5| =∫ | −5| +∫ | −5|

2 2 5

59
 15
1

Ȁ⤀ĀȀĀȀĀ⤀Ā
ᜀĀ∀Ġ
ᜀĀᜀĀ
ᜀĀᜀĀ
ᜀĀᜀᘀĀĀĀ
ᜀĀᜀĀ
ᜀĀᜀĀ
ᜀĀᜀĀ
ᜀ 3

4
5

10

11

13

14
 +1
2

+
L Let = 1

O ( 2
+4)( 2+25)
( +4)( +25)

N +
1
= +

G ( +4)( +25) +4 +25

x+2 =A (2x+2) +B.

–
5 +3= ( ( 2
+ 4 + 10)) + µ

A
N 5 + 3 = (2 +4)+µ

S ) ) )
=∫( =∫ ( + == ∫( +
2
−1+1+1 2
−1 2 −1 2

W ( +1)
2

( +1)
2 2

( +1)
+1 ( +1)
2

E 1− 1− 1 2 ( /2) ( /2)
) =∫ =∫ (
R =∫
(

1−
( ) − )

2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2

Q =∫ ( 1
2
( )− (
)) = ( /2) +

U 2

2
2

E ℎ =∫
=
2 2xdx=dt
On substituting
S ( +1)( +3)

T Let =
+

I ( 2
+1)( −1)
−1
( 2
+1)

O 1−
, ℎ ℎ
2

N
S (1 − 2 )

1− 2
1 − +1 − +1
I
= =
2 2

= + +

N (1−2 ) 2 (1−2 ) (1−2 ) (1−2 )

On Multiplying and dividing by 7

in numerater and denominater.
D I= ∫
8( 8+1)
7

E Put 8
=t ⟹ 8 7
= ⟹7=/8
so I = 1

∫
8 ( +1)

F
1+sin 1 sin 1 2 sin cos
I ∫ ( )dx =∫ ( + )dx =∫ ( +
2 2

) dx
N 1+cos 1+cos 1+cos
2 2
/2 2 2
/2

I = ∫ (1/2
2
/2 +tan ) dx = tan
+C
T 2 2

E Put t = log then x= , dx= dt

LONG – ANSWER QUESTIONS
I
N
60
T
E
G
R
A
L
S
Let 2

( −1) ( +2)

Put
1

dx=

Here we have all even powers of x, so let

 DEFINITE INTEGRALS
1 ( ) = [| − 1| + | − 2| + | − 3|],

4− , 1< <2

( )=[| −1|+| −2|+| −3|]={ , 2< <3

3 − 6, 3< <4

( − ) ( − )
3
I=∫

0 ( − )+ ( − )

4 = ∫2 ( − ) …………(i)
0 2

= ∫2 ………………(ii) by using property

0

Adding (i) and (ii) 2 = ∫2 + ∫2

0 0

3
5 x3 − x 3
− , − ≥0
3

={
−( 3 − ), 3 − <0
, x -x=0 x = 0 and x = 1

0 1 2
∫2 | 3
− | dx = ( 3
− ) dx + -( 3
− ) dx + ( 3
− )d = 11/4
−1

−1 0 1

6 2 2
2
2

∫ (2−2 ) =∫ ( ) = ∫ ( )

2 2
0 0 0

( − )
2 2

=∫ ( ) =∫ ( )
2 2

0 0

1
2 2

2 = ∫( ) ( ) =∫ ( ) = ( )
2 2 4 4 4

0 0

=∫………….(1) I =∫ ( − ) ( − ) =∫ ( − )

7
0 1+ 0 1+ ( − )0 1+
………(2)

=∫ −1 2

8 0
(1− + )

(1− )+
=∫1 −1
{ } =∫1 −1
(1− ) + ∫1 −1

0 1− (1− ) 0 0

/4 +

(√+ √ ) =∫

9
I =∫0 √ .
√
Consider I1 =∫ 1−
2

2
Use property ∫ ( ) =∫ ( + − ) , = ∫
2

10 −2 1+5

ASSERTION – REASON 1) (a) 2)(a) 3)(a) 4) (d) 5) (b)

61
 APPLICATION OF INTEGRATION

SL MCQs (Solutions provided)

NO.
Q1.
= 4 , −axis and the line = 3 is:
2
Area of the region bounded by the curve

a)2 sq. units b) sq. units

9
c) sq. units
9
d) sq. units
9

4 3 2

Q2. The area of the region bounded by the curve = between the ordinates
and the x-axis is:
= 0 and =
2

a)2 sq. units b) 4 sq. units c) 3 sq. units d) 1 sq. unit

Q3.
Area bounded by the curves = , the x-axis and the ordinates = −2 and
3

= −1 is:

a)−9 sq. units b) −

15 sq. units c) 15 sq. units d) 17 sq. units
4 4 4

Q4. Area of the region bounded by the curve =between = 0 and = is:

a)2 sq. units b) 4 sq. units c) 3 sq. units d) 1 sq. unit

Q5.
If we draw a rough sketch of the curve = √ − 1 in the interval [1, 5], then

62
 the area under the curve between the lines = 1= 5 is:

a) 32 sq. units b) 16 sq. units c) 32 sq. units d) 16 sq. units

3 3 9 9

Q6. Assertion-Reasoning:

Assertion (A): The area of the region bounded by the curve = 2

and the line
= 4 is 3
32 sq. unit

Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:

Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
MCQs (For self- practice)
Q7. The area of the region bounded by the lines = , = 0, = 3 and -axis is:

a) sq. units
1 b) 9 sq. units c) sq. units
9 d) 4 sq. units
5 4 2 5

Q8.
Which of the following CLOSEST to the area under the parabola = 4 2
,

bounded by the x-axis and the lines = −1 and = −2 ?

a)6 sq. units b) 8 sq. units c) 9 sq. units d) 12 sq. units

Q9.
+ 6 = 0 and + 4 = 4 is:
2 2
The area of the region bounded by the curves

4 8

a) sq. units b) sq. units c) 4√3 sq. units d) none of these

√3 √3

Q10. The area of the region made by the lines: | | + | | = 1 is

a)15 sq. units b) 2 sq. units c) 3 sq. units d) 4 sq. units

Q11. The area made by = | |, | | = 1 and x-axis is:

a)1 sq. units b) 2 sq. units c) 3 sq. units d) 4 sq. units

Q12. = | − 1| and = 1 make a region with an area of:

a)0.5 sq. units b) 1 sq. units c) 2 sq. units d) 4 sq. units

Q13. The area of the region bounded = ||,| | =
is:
2

a)1 sq. units b) 0.5 sq. units c) 2 sq. units d) none of these

63
 2
The area of the region bounded by = √8 − and = | | is:
a) sq. units b) 1.5π sq. units c) 2π sq. units
d) 3

( + 1) sq. units
2

Q14. The area bounded by the curves 2

= 4 and 2
= 4 is:

a) sq. units b) 32
sq. units c) 16
sq. units d) none of these
3 3

Q15. The area between the curves = 2

= 3
is:

a) sq. units
b) sq. units
1
c) 1
sq. units d) none of these
6 24

Q16. SA Type (Solution provided)

Find the area between the parabola = 6 and its latus rectum. 2

Find the area bounded by = in the first quadrant.

= , = 0 and 4

= 4 , = 1, = 4 and the x- axis in the first quadrant.

2
Find the area of the region bounded by

Q1. Determine the area enclosed between the curve = 4 − 2 2

and the x-axis.

SA Type (For self-practice)

Q2. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve = 4 2
=3

Find the area of the region bounded by the curve 2

=4 , = 3.

Q3. Find the area of the region bounded by the curve =4 − 2

− .

Find the area enclosed by the circle 2

+ 2
= 2
.

Q4. Sketch the graph of the curve = √ + 1, 0 ≤ ≤ 4 and determine the area of the region enclosed by the curve, x-axis and the lines = 0
= 4.

LA Type (Solution provided)

Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 3 − 2 +
Q5. 1 = 0, 2 + 3 − 21 = 0 and −5 +9=0

Using integration, find the area of the smaller region bounded by the ellipse

+ = 1 and the line + =1

2 2

Q6.
9 4 3 2

Using integration, find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the axis, the line = and the circle + = 32.
Q7. 2 2

Using integration, find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola 4 = 3 and the line 3 − 2 + 12 = 0.
2
Q8. If the area bounded by the parabola 2
= 16 and the line = 4 is 2
sq.

units, then using integration, find the value of .

12

Q9.
64
Q10.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.
 LA Type (For self-practice)
Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the parabola = and = | |
2
Q6.
≥ ,
2
Q7. Find the area of the region {( , ): ≤ | |}

Q8. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the curves
= + 2,
2
= , = 0 and =3

Q9. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the parabolas 2
=
4 2
=4 .

Q10. Using integration,find the area of the region bounded by the curve | | + | | = 1
and

Case Study Based Type

Q1.
2 2

A mirror in the shape of an ellipse represented by 9 + 4 was hanging on the

wall. Arun and his sister were playing with ball inside the house, even their
mother refused to do so. All of sudden, ball hit the mirror and got a scratch in
the shape of line represented by + = 1.

3 2

Based on the above information answer the following

(i)Assertion(A): The point of intersection of ellipse and scratch (straight line) are
(4, 2) and (3, 0)

Reason(R): The point(s) where the lines intersect is called intersection point.

Choose the correct answer out of the following choices:

Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A. c.
A is true but R is false.

d. A is false but R is true.

(ii)Find the value of 3 ∫0 √9 −
2 9 2

(iii)Find the value of 2 ∫0 (1 − 3)

3

65
 (iv)Area of the smaller region bounded by the mirror and scratch is:

a)3 ( + 1) . b) ( + 1) .
2 2

c) ( − 1) . d) 3 ( − 1) .

2 2

Q2. Look at the shaded region on the graph and answer the following questions:

(i)The shaded region is bounded by the lines:

a. = − 2, = 2, −
b. = − 2, = 2 −
c. = | − 2| =2
d. = | − 2| =2

which of the following is not a corner point of the bounded region? (self-
practice)

a. (0, 2) b. (2, 0) c. (4, 2) d) (2, 4)

The area A of the shaded region is given by a) = ∫0 2 − ∫0 (2 − ) − ∫2 ( − 2)

4 2 4
4 2 4
= ∫0 2 − ∫0 ( − 2) − ∫2 (2 − )
= ∫0 2 + ∫0 ( − 2) − ∫2 (2 − )
4 2 4

= ∫0 2 + ∫0 ( − 2) + ∫2 (2 − )
4 2 4

66
 (iv) The area of the shaded region is: (self-practice)

a. 2 sq. units b) 4 sq. units c) 6 sq. units d) 8 sq. units

Q3. A farmer has a field in the shape of a circle, in which he wishes to grow four
varieties of vegetables as shown below:

2
Evaluate: ∫ √8 − .
What is the area of the first quadrant of the field? (self-practice)
Using integration, find the area of the field.

ANSWER KEY (MCQs)

2) (d) 3) (d) 4) (a) 5)(a) 6) (d) 7) (c ) 8) (c ) 9) (b) 10) (b)
1) (b)

11) (a) 12) (b) 13) (c) 14) (c) 15) (c) 16(a)

LA Type (with solutions)

Q1.

4 =6→ = 3 So, the equation of the latus rectum is = 3

2 2

So, the area of the shaded region = 2 × ∫3/2 = 2×∫3/2

√6

0 0

π/4 π/4
Q2.
Required area of the shaded part= ∫0 = [log( )] 0= √2

67
Q3.

Line + + 2 = 0 intersect the coordinate axes at (0, −2) and (−2, 0)

So, the area of the shaded part= |∫0 |y|dx| = |∫0 |(−2 − )|dx| = |4 − 2| = 2
−2 −2

Q4.
4
4 4 4 28

sq. units
2

Req. area= ∫ =∫ 2√ =2[ 3

] = [8−1]=

1 1 3 3

Q5.

=4 − 2
→ 2
− 4 = − → ( − 2)2 = −( − 4) which represents a downward parabola with the vertex
at (2, 4)
4 4 4 2 3 4
32
2)

Req. area= ∫0= ∫0 (4 − 0

=[ 2 −3] = 3 sq. units

SA Type (Self-Practice answer key)

Q6.
3 3
Req area=2 ∫0 = 2 ∫0 2√ = 8√3 sq. units

Req area=∫ 3 = ∫ =
Q7.
3 9 sq. units

0 0 4 4

68
Q8.
2 2 2
Req area= 2 ∫0 = 2 ∫0 (4 − )
32
= 3 sq. units

Q9.
2 2 2 2 2
+ = → =√ −
Req area= 4 ∫04 = 4 ∫04 √ 2
− 2
=π 2
sq. units

Q10. =√ +1→√ = − 1 → ( − 1)2 = which represents a right-hand

parabola with the vertex at (0, 1)
4 28
Req area= ∫0 (√ + 1) = 3 sq. units.

LA Type (with solutions)

Q1.

3 − 2 + 1 = 0 … ( ) 2 + 3 − 21 = 0 … ( )−5 +9=0…( ) Solving (i) and (ii), (ii) & (iii), (iii) & (i), we get respectively = 3,
= 6 and = 1.
3 6 6

The required area is ∶= ∫ +∫ −∫

1 3 1

1 1 1
3 6 6

= (3 +1) + (−2 + 21) − ( + 9)

2 ∫1 3 ∫3 5 ∫1

69
Q2.

2 2 2

+ = 1…( ) In first quadrant = √9−

2

9 4 3

−2

+ =1…( ) ⟹ = +2

3 2 3

2 −2
Area = ∫3 − ∫3 =
∫3
√9−
2
− ∫3 ( + 2)

0 0 3 0 0 3

Q3.

2
…
( )

+ 2=32 ⟹ 2+ 2=(4√2)
2

Solving(i) and (ii), we get = ±4 In first quadrant = 4

4 4√2 4 4√2 2
area = ∫ + ∫ =∫ +∫ √
(4√2) −

0 4 0 4

Q4. 4 =3 2
…( )

3 − 2 + 12 = 0 … ( )

Solving(i) and (ii), we get = −2,4

3 3
Area = ∫4 − ∫4 = ∫4 ( +6) − ∫4 2

−2 −2 2 4 −2

−2

Q5.

2
= 16 …( ) =4 …( )

Solving(i) and (ii), we get = 0,

The required area is ∶

2 2 2 2

=∫ −∫ =∫ 4√√ −∫ 4

0 0 0 0

70
 LA Type (Self- Practice with answer key)
Q6. =||…( )
= …( )
2

Solving(i) and (ii), we get = −1,0,1 , = 2 [∫1 − ∫1 ]

0 0

Q8. = 2
+2…( )

= …( )

3 3

2
Area = ∫ ( + 2) − ∫

0 0

Q9.
=4 …( )
2

2
=4 …( )
1
2
Solving(i) and (ii), we get = 0, (64 )3
1 1

3 3

= ∫ −∫
2 2
(64 ) (64 )

0 0

Q10. | |+| |=1

ℎ ∶

1 1

=4∫ =4∫ (1− )

0 0

CASE BASED STUDY TYPE

Q1. (i) (d) A is false but R is true
3
2 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 9 −1
= ∫ √9 − ∫ √3 − = [ √9 − + ( )]

(ii) =

3 0 3 0 3 2 2 3
0

3
3 2

(iii) =2 ∫ (1 − ) =2 [ − ] =3

0 3 6

∫09 √9 − −2 ∫03 (1 − 3 ) dx]= − 3 = 3 (2 − 1) sq. units

0

2 2 x 3
Area= 3 2

Q2. (i) (c) Equation of three lines are = 2 − , = 2 and = − 2

(ii) self-try (iii) (a) (iv) self-try

Q3.
(i) ∫ √8 − 2

= √8 − 2
+4 (
−1
)

2 2√2

Self-try
Area of the field=4 × ∫0
2√2
= 4 × 2 = 8 sq. units

71
 CHAPTER: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
Basic Concepts

Definition: An equation involving derivative (derivatives) of the dependent variable with respect to
independent variable (variables) is called a differential equation.
Example:
2
) + = sin etc.
2
=1+ + +
2 2 22
,(

Order of a differential equation:

Order of a differential equation is defined as the order of the highest order derivative of the dependent

variable with respect to the independent variable involved in the given differential equation.

Differential Equation Order

2
3
Order is 2
+( ) = 10

3
2 Order is 3
+( ) =√1+

+= 0 Order is 1

Degree of a differential equation:

The degree of a differential equation is defined only when a differential equation is polynomial equation in

derivatives, i.e., y′, y″, y″′ etc.

By the degree of a differential equation, when it is a polynomial equation in derivatives, we mean

the highest power (positive integral index) of the highest order derivative involved in the given
differential equation.

Differential Equation Degree

2 3
Degree is 1
+( ) = 10

3
2 Degree is 2
+( ) =√1+

It is not in polynomial form so we have to square both

72
side
3 2 2

⟹( +( )) =1+

Now it is a polynomial Equation.

If we expand the LHS we get that the highest power in
3
will be 2.
3

+= 0 Degree is 1
3 2 2
Degree is 1
+2( ) − + =0

3 2

CASE WHEN THE DEGREE OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION CAN’T BE DEFINED

2

2+ ( )=

In this case the equation is not represented as a polynomial equation in its derivatives. So, the degree is not defined.

Note: Order and Degree ( if defined) of any differential equation are always positive integers.

General and Particular Solutions of a Differential Equation

Solution of differential equations is the relation between the variables of a differential equation that
satisfies the given differential equation. All the solutions of a differential equation are obtained by
integrating the differential equation.

Note: A differential equation generates a family of curves that satisfies it. For an example:
= ⟹ =2 & = + ⟹ =2 , ℎ .
2 2

So, we observe that by solving a D.E we get a family of curves.

General solution:

The solution which contains arbitrary constants is called the general solution (primitive) of the differential
equation.

Particular solution:

The solution free from arbitrary constants i.e., the solution obtained from the general solution by giving
particular values to the arbitrary constants is called a particular solution of the differential equation.

73
Methods of Solving First Order, First Degree Differential Equations
Method of variables separation
Homogeneous differential equations
Linear differential equations
Method of variables separation

= ( ) ( ) =
( ) ( )

Then Integration

Homogeneous differential equations

A differential equation of the form = ( , ) is said to be homogenous if F(x, y) is a homogenous function of degree zero.

To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type = ( , ) = ( ) we substitute =

To solve a homogeneous differential equation of the type = ( , ) = ℎ ( ) we substitute =

Linear differential equations

Form Description Type Integrating Solution
Factor
ℎ Linear in y ∫

+ = × = ∫( × ) +

ℎ Linear in x ∫

+ = × = ∫( × ) +

74
 MIND MAPPING OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

PROBLEMS ON DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

MCQ
The degree of the differential equation + cos = is –

a) 1 b) 2 c) 0 d) undefined
2. 2 2

The degree of the differential equation 2

+( ) − = 0 is –

a) 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) undefined
The degree of the differential equation ′′
+ 2
+ ′
= 0 is –

a) 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) undefined
4. 3 2 200

The order of the differential equation 3

+

2
− ( ) = 10 is –

a) 2 b) 1 c) 0 d) 3
5. The sum of the order and degree of the differential equation
= cos 3 + sin 3 is –
2

a) 2 b) 1 c) 4 d) 3
The degree of the differential equation
2 3 2

( ) +( ) + ( ) + 1 = 0 is

75
 a) 2 b) 1 c) 3 d) undefined
7. 1+ 2

The general solution of the differential equation = is –

1+ 2

b) c) 3

+ d)
a) −1
= −1
+ −1
. −1
= −1
=+
3

3 3

+ = + +
3 3

8.
The integrating factor of the differential equation − = cos is –

a) d)
The integrating factor of the differential equation− ( + 2 ) = 0 is – 2
2 −
b) c)

a) 1
b) c) 2
d) 1

10. The general solution of the differential equation +( +2 ) =0

is –

a) + 2
= b) + 2
= c) + 2
= d) + 2
=

11. The general solution of the differential equation log ( )=3 +4

is –

a) 4 3
+3 −4
=7 b) 3
+3 −4
=7 c) 3 3
+4 −4
=7 d) 4 3
−3 −4
=7

12. The general solution of the differential equation −

= 0 is –

a) = c) =
b) = d) =
2 2

13. 2 2

√
The sum of the degree and order of the differential equation = 1+(

2
) is –

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) undefined
14. 1

The sum of the degree and order of the differential equation √1 + ( ) =(

2

)3 is –
2

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) undefined
15.
The degree of the differential equation = + √ 2 2
+ 2
,( ℎ =
)is –

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) undefined
16. The degree of the differential equation 2

+3( ) = log ( )–
2 2
2

2 2

a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) undefined
17. The general solution of the differential equation = ( + + 1)2 is –

b) + + 1 = tan
a) −1
( + + 1) = +

c) tan = + + d) + =

18. The general solution of the differential equation =

1 is –
( + )

+ +
a) = sec ( )+ b) = tan ( )+ c) tan = + + d) + =

2 2

76
 19.

′′′ ′′ ′
If m is the order and n is the degree of the differential equation + + = sin ,

then

is –

a)2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 9

20.
The order of the differential equation ( + 2 ) +( +2 ) = 0 is –
2 2

a)2
b) 4 c) 1 d) 9

VSA
2 marks each
[ : 2 + 2 log| − 1| = log + ]
Solve: ( − 1) = 2
[ : − = log| | − log| − 1| + ]
[ : ( +2 √11 + √1+)(2−1 + √1 + ) = ]
2 2
[ : √1 + 2
+ √1 + + log | |= ]
[ : log + − 2
= ]
2 √1+ 2−1

Solve:
Solve: √1 + + √1 + =0
= ( − 1)( + 1) 2

2 2

2 2 2 2
Solve: √1 + + + += 0

2
Solve: ( + ) +( − ) =0

For the differential equation= ( + 2)( + 2). Find the solution curve passing

through the point(1, −1).

[ : − + 2 = log | ( + 2) |]
2 2

7. 1

Solve: = cot 2 [ : log =

2
sin 2 + ]

8. −
1

Solve: ( − )=
[ :| |= ]

9. 1 1 −1 tan −cot

Solve: = [ : =
√2
(
√2
)+ ]

+
4 4

10. Solve:
−1
( )= + [ : = tan( + ) − sec( + ) + ]

11.
2
1−
2 2
√

Solve: + [ : √1 − + √1 − = ]
=0
1− 2

12. Find the equation of the curve passing through the point (1,1) whose differential equation

is= (2 + 1) 2
( ≠ 0) [ : = x2 + | | + ]

13. Solve: = (4 + + 1)2 [ :

4 + +1
= tan (2x + 2c)]

14. [ :
−1
]
Find the I.F. of D.E. (1 + ) =( − )
2 −1

15. Solve: +( − 3
) =0 [ : =
4

+ ]

SA(3 marks each)

Suppose the growth of a population is proportional to the number present. If the population of a
colony doubles in 25 days, in how many days will the population becomes triple?
[ : 25 log2 3]

77
 − 3 cot = sin 2 ; )=2
(
2.

3 2
[ : =4 −2
2

3. ( − sin ) + (tan ) = 0; (0) = 0 [ : 2 = sin ]

Show that the differential equation ( 3

−3 2
) =( 3
−3 2
) is a homogeneous

differential equation. Hence solve it. [ : x2 − 2

= 2( 2
+ ) ]
2 2

5.
Solve: (1 + ) + (1 − ) =0 [ : + = ]

6.
Solve : ( ) + −( ) = 0, (1) =
2
[ : log| | = ( )]

Solve: { ( ) + sin ( )} − { ( ) − cos ( )} = 0

[ :| ( )|= , ≠0& >0]

8.
Solve: 3 tan + (1 − ) 2
=0 [ :( − 1)3 = tan ]

9. Solve: ( − )( + )=( − ); (0) = −1

[ : − = + +1
]

10. Solve: − =( +1) −

[ : = (log )2 + ]

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS ON DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In a college hostel accommodating 1000 students, one of the hostellers came in carrying covid,
and the hostel was isolated. The rate at which the virus spreads is assumed to be
proportional to the product of the number of infected students and remaining students.
There are 50 infected students after 4 days.

Based on the above fact answer the following questions.

If ( ) denotes the number of infected students at any time t, then find the maximum value of ( ).

Find the most general solution of the differential equation so formed in the above situation. OR Find the value of (4).

1
: ) 1000 ) log | |= + )50
1000 1000 −

12. It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the

78
 rate equal to the product of the rate of bank interest per annum and the principal. Let P denotes the principal at any time t and rate of interest be % per
annum.

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

At what interest rate will Rs. 100 double itself in 10 years.

How much will Rs. 1000 be worth at 5% interest after 10 years?

OR
If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years
will Rs. 100 double itself? [Use ln2 = 0.6931; e = 1.648] 0.5

Answers: i) 6.931% ii) 1648 ii ) OR 13.862 years

ANSWER: MCQ
1. a) 2. b) 3. d) 4. d) 5. d) 6. d) 7. a) 8. c) 9. d) 10. c) 11. a)12. c) 13. c)

14. c) 15 b) 16 d) 17. a) 18 b) 19. b) 20. d)

79
 CHAPTER-10: VECTORS

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS TO BE REMEMBERED:

Scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude like length, mass, time, temperature, work, etc.

Vector is a quantity that has magnitude as well as direction like displacement, velocity, force,
weight, etc.
• ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

A directed line segment AB is a vector denoted as

Zero vector or null vector is a vector whose magnitude is zero and direction is undefined, i.e. whose
= ⃗0
Unit vector ( ̂ ): a vector whose magnitude is unity, ̂ =
⃗
initial and terminal points are coincident.⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
|⃗ |
⃗ ⃗
Equal vectors: if two vectors and have same direction and equal magnitude, i.e. =
Co-initial Vector: two or more vectors having the same initial point are called co-initial vectors.

Collinear Vectors: two or more vectors are said to be collinear if they are parallel to the same line,
irrespective of their magnitudes and directions.

Negative of a vector: a vector whose magnitude is the same as that of a given vector, but direction is
opposite that of it, is called negative of the given vector.
• Position Vector: vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
having origin point O (0, 0, 0) as initial point and point P(x, y, z) as

terminal point is called the position vector of point P with respect to origin.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2 2 2

+ +

Magnitude of =| |=√

Direction Cosines: as in figure, angle , , made by the vector with the positive directions of x, y
and z-axes respectively, are called its direction angles and the cosine values of these angles i.e. =
, = and n= are

called direction cosines of vector

Direction Ratios : the coordinate of point P(as in above figure) may also be expressed as (lr, mr, nr).

The numbers lr, mr, nr are proportional to the direction cosines are called as direction ratios of vector
and denoted as a, b, c.
NOTE: 2
+ 2
+ 2
= 1 but 2
+ 2
+ 2
≠1 in general.
•
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
Addition of Vectors: in general, if we have two vectorsand then to add them, they are

positioned so that the initial point of one coincides with the terminal point of the other. (as in figure)

80
 since

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

As = + =-
So, we have, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
the
+ + = = 0, this means that when

sides of a triangle are taken in order, it leads to zero.

⃗ ⃗
Parallelogram law of vector addition- if we have two vectors and represented by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram in magnitude and direction, then their sum + is
represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram through their common point.

Properties of vector addition: ⃗ ⃗

(i)Commutative property : + = +
⃗ ⃗
Associative property :( + ) + = + ( + )

Components of a vector: if the position vector of point P(x, y, z) is

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂

= x ̂+ . This form of any vector is called its component form. Here x, y and z are called as the
̂+
̂

scalar components of are called vector components of . and x ̂, ̂

Vector joining two points: if P( 1, 1, 1) and Q( 2, 2, 2) are any two points, then the vector

joining P and Q is the vector =( 2 − 1) ̂+ ( 2 − 1) ̂+ ( 2 − 1) and the magnitude of =

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2 2 2

+( 2 − 1) +( 2 − 1)
| | = √( 2 − 1)

• ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Section Formula: Let P and Q are two points represented by the position vectors and and

point R divides PQ in m : n

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(ii) Externally
+ −

= =
+ −
(i) Internally

Scalar product of two vectors:

⃗
| | , where is the angle between and
⃗⃗⃗ || . =

Vector product of two vectors:

⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
| ̂
× =||| , where ̂ is a unit vector perpendicular to and

⃗ .

⃗⃗
• Projection of on is

| |

Area of a parallelogram having adjacent side and ⃗⃗ is | × ⃗ | sq. unit

• Area of a triangle having vertices A,B and C i 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

s 2
| × | sq. unit

• ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ ⃗
=| |
2
2 2 2

| × | +| . | +| |

81
Q. NO ONE MARK QUESTIONS
1.
⃗ ̂ ̂ ⃗

If = ̂+ ̂, = ̂+ , = + ̂, find a unit vector in the direction of + –

̂
( ) ̂ (iii) ̂ (Iv) 2 ̂
(ii)
If | | = 2 , | ⃗| = 3 and . ⃗ = 2√5 then find the value of| × ⃗ |

( )±4 (ii) 4 (iii) −4 (Iv) √26

3.
̂ ̂

The value of , ̂− 2 ̂+ = 3 ̂− ̂− 2 are

(i) 3,2,-2 (ii) 3,2,1 (iii) 3,2,2 (iv) -2,3,2

The area of parallelogram with adjacent sides as⃗ is given by
1 1 1
⃗ ⃗

(i) | × | (ii) 2 | ×|

(iii) 4
| ×| (iv) | ×|
8

5. ̂

The value of for which the vectors 3 ̂− 6 ̂+ is parallel to 2 ̂− 4 ̂+ is

(i) 2/3 (ii) 3/2 (iii) 5/2 (iv) 2/5

6.
The scalar projection of the vector 3 ̂− ̂− 2 on 5 ̂+ 12 ̂is

(i) 7/√14 (ii) 7/14 (iii) 3/13 (iv) 7/2

The vector having initial point and terminal points as (2,5,0)(−3,7,4) respectively

̂ ̂ ̂

is (i) − ̂+ 12 ̂+ 4 (ii) 5 ̂+ 2 ̂− 4 (iii) −5 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 4 (iv) ̂+ ̂+

8. ̂
̂
Write the value of( ̂x ̂). + ( ̂x ). ̂+ ( ̂x ).

(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 2 (iv) 3

If( + ). ( − ) = 24, ℎ | |is

(i) 16 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 5

The projection of vector⃗
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

⃗ . ⃗ × ⃗ . × ⃗

| ⃗| | ⃗| ||
| ⃗|

82
The scalar product of vector
⃗
, ℎ between⃗ is given by
(i) . = | || ⃗| ⃗
(ii) . ⃗ = | || ⃗| (iii) . ⃗ = | || ⃗| (iv) . ⃗ = | || ⃗|
Two vectors⃗ are perpendicular to each other then

⃗
(ii) ⃗ ⃗
(iv) None of these
(i) . = 1 . =0 (iii) × = 0

13. ̂ ̂

The value of for which the vector 2 ̂+ ̂+ and ̂+ 2 ̂+ 3 are perpendicular to

each other is
(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 3/2 (iv) -5/2

14.
̂

The vector of 5 magnitude in the direction of ̂+ ̂+ is

̂ ̂

(i) (iii)
̂+ ̂+ ̂+ ̂+ ̂+ ̂+

(ii) 5( ̂+ ̂+ ) (iv) 5 (
3 √3 √3

15.
̂ ⃗ ̂ ⃗

If = 2 ̂− ̂+ , = 3 ̂+ 2 ̂− 3 and ⃗⃗ = ̂+ 2 ̂+ then 2 + − =

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

16.
̂ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

If = ̂+ 2 ̂− 2 ,= 6 ̂− ̂+ 4 then vector

̂ ̂
(iv)
(i)6 ̂− 2 ̂− 2 (ii) 6 ̂+ 2 ̂− 2 (iii) 6 ̂− 2 ̂+ 2 6 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 2

17. ̂ ̂

The value of ( ̂. ̂)+ ( ̂× ̂)+ ( . ) is

(i) 0 (ii) 1 (iii) 2 (iv)

2+
If is the angle between vectors⃗ and | . | = | × |, then the value of is
⃗ ⃗

(i) 0 (ii) (iii) /4 (iv) /2

Find the area of a parallelogram (in sq. units) having A(-1,1/2,4) , B(1,1/2,4) ,C(1,-1/2,4) and
D (-1,-1/2,4) as the vertices .

(i) 2 (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv) 4

83
 The position vector of the point which divides the line joining the points with position vectors 2 − 3 ⃗ + ⃗ in the ratio 3:1 internally is
⃗ ⃗
3 ⃗ 5 ⃗

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

3 ⃗ −2 7 ⃗ −8

2 4 4 4

2 MARKS QUESTIONS

Q.NO. QUESTIONS

1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the unit vector in the direction of ,where P and Q are the points (1,2,3) and (4,5,6)
respectively.
2 are parallel vectors.
Find the value of p for which = 3 ̂ +2 ̂ +9 and = ̂ +p ̂ + 3

3 ⃗ ⃗

If | | = √3 , | | = 2 and . = 3 , find the angle between and

4 Find the projection of on ⃗

if . = 8 and =2 ̂ +6 ̂ + 3

5 ⃗

If . = 0 and . = 0 ,what can you conclude about the vector ?

6 ) is a unit vector. ̂

Find the value of x for which x ( ̂ + ̂ +

7 ̂

If a unit vector makes angles 3 with ̂, 4 with ̂and an acute angle with , then find .

8
Find the direction cosines of the vector ̂ +2 ̂ + 3 .

9 ̂

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 4 ̂ - ̂ - 3 and −2 ̂ + ̂ - 2

If two vectors and are such that | | =2, | | = 1 and . = 1, then find the value of (3⃗⃗⃗ - 5).(2⃗⃗⃗ +7).
3 MARKS QUESTION
QUESTIONS
Q.NO.
̂ ⃗
1 Find the value of if (2 ̂ +6 ̂
+14 ) x ( ̂ - ̂ +7 ) = 0

2 ̂ ⃗ ̂ ⃗

If = 2 ̂ +2 ̂ +3 , = − ̂ +2 ̂ + and = 3 ̂ + ̂ are such that + is perpendicular

to ,then find
3 Find | | , if for a unit vector ,( - )( + ) =20.
4 If the points (-1 , -1, 2), (2 , m, 5) , and ( 3, 11, 6) are collinear, find the value of m.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
5
If , , are unit vectors such that + + = 0 , find the value of .+.+.
6 ̂ ⃗ ̂
= 2̂
̂

Let = ̂ +4 ̂ +2 , = 3 ̂ -2 ̂ +7 and - ̂ + 4 . Find a vector which is

perpendicular to both ⃗

and , and . =15

7 ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

If | | =2, | | =5 and | x | = 8 , find . ̂

8 Find a vector of magnitude 9 , which is perpendicular to both the vectors 4 ̂ - ̂ + 3 and

84
 ̂
−2̂ + ̂ - 2

9 Find the values of x and y if the vectors = 3 ̂ ⃗ ̂

̂ + x ̂ - and = 2 ̂ + ̂ + y are mutually

perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude.

10 ̂ ̂ ̂

Show that the vectors 2 ̂ - ̂ + , ̂ - 3 ̂ -5 and 3 ̂ - 4 ̂ - 4 form the sides of a right

angled triangle.
4 MARKS QUESTION

Q.NO. QUESTIONS

Ginni purchased an air plant holder which is in the shape of a tetrahedron. Let A, B, C and D
are the coordinates of the air plant holder where A=(1,1,1), B=(2,1,3), C=(3,2,2) and
D=(3,3,4).

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(i) Find the vector . (ii) Find the vector

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
. (iii) Find the area of ∆ABC. OR, Find

the unit vector along

A plane started from airport situated at O with a velocity of 1200 km/h towards east. Air is
blowing at a velocity of 50 km/h towards north as shown in the figure. As a result,
for 2 hour, the plane travelled with the resultant velocity in direction OP as shown in
the figure. Then from P to R plane travelled 1 hour keeping velocity of 1200 km/h
and finally landed at R.

85
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions (Take O as the origin, ̂along east and ̂along north).
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the velocity vector along direction and .

Find the position vector of point P.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(iii) Find the unit vector along .OR Find the net direction of travel of plane
from O to R with east.

A pyramid shaped greenhouse is to be constructed in the form of a pyramid ABCD as shown

in the figure.

Let its angular points are A(0,1,2), B(3,0,1),

C(4,3,6) and D(2,3,2) and G be the point of intersection of the medians of ∆BCD.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

Find the position vector of point G.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(ii) Find the unit vector along .

(iii)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the magnitude of the sum of and .OR Find | × |.

Solar panels are to be installed on a slanting roof. A surveyor determines the coordinates of the
four corners of the roof where solar panels are mounted. Suppose
86
 the points are labeled as P(6,8,4), Q(21,8,4), R(21,16,10) and S(6,16,10).

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the scalar components of vectors and .

Find a unit vector perpendicular to the surface of the roof.

A girl walks 3 km towards west to reach point A and then walks 5 km in a direction 30° east of north and stops at point

B. Let the girl starts from O (origin)

and take ̂along east
and ̂along north.

Based on the above information,

Answer the following questions.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(i) Find the scalar components of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

.
(ii) Find the unit vector along .

ANSWERS (MCQ) :
1) (iii) 2) (ii) 3) (i) 4) (i) 5) (i) 6) (iII) 7) (iII) 8) (ii) 9) (iv) 10) (ii)

11) (i) 12) (ii) 13) (iv) 14)(iv) 15) (i) 16) (ii) 17) (iii) 18) (iii) 19) (i) 20) (iv)

87
 ANSWER: 2 MARKS QUESTION

Q.NO. QUESTIONS
( ̂ + ̂ + )
̂

√3

The unit vector in the direction of

is =

1 1

6
3

8
7
⃗
2
3
1
is any vector
√3

7 1 2 3
√14 , √14 , √14
15
2 sq. units

8 0
9 ANSWER: 3 MARKS QUESTION

10 QUESTIONS
-3

Q.NO. 8
√21
1
8
−3
2 ̂
2

3 (160 ̂-5 ̂ +70 )

3 6
−3 ̂+6 ̂ +6

88
 −31 41
x= 12 , y = 12
. ⃗ = 0, so triangle is a right angled triangle.

ANSWERS OF 4 MARKS QUESTIONS

Q.NO. ANSWERS

1 (i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ ̂

= (2 − 1) ̂+ (1 − 1) ̂+ (3 − 1) = ̂+ 2 .

(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ ̂

= (3 − 1) ̂+ (2 − 1) ̂+ (2 − 1) = 2 ̂+ ̂+ .

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2 ̂+2 ̂+3

)=
(iii) Ar(∆
2
√14 sq. units. OR Unit vector along = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =

√17

| |

2 (i)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Velocity vector along

Velocity vector along ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = (1200 + 50) ̂= (1250 ̂) km/h.
= (1200 ̂+ 50 ̂) km/h.

(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
2 = 2400 ̂+ 100 ̂.
= (1200 ̂+ 50 ̂×)

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ (2400 ̂+1350 ̂) (2400 ̂+1350 ̂) 16 90

(iii) Unit vector along = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

=
√7582500
=
150√337
=
√337
̂+
√337
̂.

| |

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(2400 ̂+ 100 ̂)+ (1250 ̂=) 2400 ̂+ 1350 ̂
OR =+=

1350 45
So, net direction of travel of plane from O to R with east = ( )=( )
2400 8

(3+4+2) (0+3+3) ̂
3 1+6+2 ̂

(i) P.V. of G = 3
̂+
3
̂+
3
= 3 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 3 .

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 3 ̂+ ̂+

(ii) = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = .
√11
Unit vector along

| |

(iii)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

| + | = √11. | × | = √4 + 256 + 100 = √360 = 6√10.

(i)
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
4
Scalar components of are 15, 0, 0 & Scalar components of are 0, 8, 6.
unit vector is − ̂+
4 ̂
5 5 .
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(i) So, scalar components of are 2.5, 2.5√3 .

5
5 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

2
( ̂+√3 ̂)
1

(ii) Unit vector along = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =

25 75
=
2
( ̂+ √3 ̂)

| |

√ +
4 4

89
 ̂
||
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Let = 2 ̂+ 3 ̂+ c . The value of c if = 5 is
(a)0 (b)2√3 (c) 1 (d)12
̂

2. If1 1
= (2 ̂– 4 ̂+5 ) then the value of h so that h

1 1
may be unit vector is
(a) 5 (b)√3 (c)3√5 (d)5√3
̂
If = (2 ̂+ ̂- 3 ) and A(1,2,-1) is the given point, then the coordinates of B are

(3,-3,4) (b) (3,3,4) (c) (-3,-3,-4) (d) (3,3,-4)

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
If | × | = 4, . = 2, then | |2| |2 =

(a)6 (b)20 (c)8 (d)2

⃗ 2 ⃗ ⃗
If and are two vectors of magnitude 3 and 3 respectively such that × is a unit vector, then the angle between and is
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4
2 6 8

̂ ̂

6. The vector in the direction of the vector ̂− 2 + 2 that has a magnitude 9 is:

̂
1

(a) ̂− 2 + 2

(b)3 ( ̂− 2 + 2 )

(c) 3( ̂− 2 + 2 ) (d)9 ̂− 2 + 2

̂ ̂ ̂

7. The position vectors of the points A, B, C are 2 ̂+ ̂− , 3 ̂− 2 ̂+ ̂+ 4 ̂− 3 respectively.

These points :
(a) form an isosceles triangle (b) form a right triangle

(c) are collinear (d) form a scalene triangle

⃗ ̂

8. The projection of the vector = 2 ̂− ̂+ on = ̂− 2 ̂+ is:

(a) √5
(b) 5
(c) √5
(d) √6

, then | × ⃗ | = | . ⃗ | when
2 √2 6 5

⃗
9. If is the angle between any two vectors is:
(a) (b) (c) 2

3 4 3
(d) none of these

90
 ̂ ̂
10. If ̂, , ̂are mutually perpendicular unit vectors, then value of | ̂ + + ̂| is:

(a) 1 (b) √2 (c) √3 (d) 2

The vector =3 ̂+4 is to be written as the sum of a vector parallel to = ̂+ ̂and a vector perpendicular to . Then is:
̂

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3 2 1 1
( ̂+ ̂) ( ̂+ ̂) ( ̂+ ̂) ( ̂+ ̂)
2 3 2 3

⃗
=
12. and are two unit vectors and is the angle between them then 2

1 ⃗ ⃗ 1 ⃗

(b) | + | c) | − | | − |

(a)2 | + | (d) 2

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

13. Let , , and are three unit vectors such that + + = 0 . Find .+ .+.

14. In the following questions (Q. No. 10) A statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is
given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choice as follows:
a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.

Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.

Assertion(A): The area of parallelogram with diagonals and ⃗ is | ⃗
× |.
⃗ ⃗
Reason(R): If and represent the adjacent sides of a triangle, then the area of a triangle, then the area of triangle can be obtained by evaluating | × |. ̂

15. Find the direction ratios and direction cosines of the vector = (5 ̂- 3 ̂ + 4 ).
16. x +5z.
̂ ⃗ ̂

If = x ̂+2 ̂-z and = 3 ̂-y ̂+ are two equal vectors, then write the value of y

17. ̂ ̂

Find a unit vector parallel to the sum of the vectors ( ̂+ ̂+ ) and (2 ̂-3 ̂+5 ).

18. ̂ ⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂

= 2 ̂− 2 ̂+ , = 2 ̂+ 3 ̂+ 6 and = − ̂+ 2 , then find the value of | ̂ − + 2 ̂| .Find

direction ratio of the vector ̂ − + 2 ̂.

19. The sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector. Show that the value of their difference is √3.

20.
̂

Show that the vector ̂+ ̂+ is equally inclined to the axes , ,

91
 21. |

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
If | | = 10, | | = 1 and | . | = 6, then find × |

22. ̂ ⃗ ̂ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

If = 3 ̂+4 ̂+5 and = 2 ̂+ ̂-4 , then express in the form = 1+ 2, where 1 is parallel to and 2 is

perpendicular to .

23. Using vector show that the points A(-2,3,5), B(7,0,-1), C(-3,-2,-5) and D(3,4,7) are such that AB and CD
intersect at P(1,2,3).
̂ ⃗

24. Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent sides are given by vectors = ̂− ̂+ 3 , = 2 ̂−

25. Rohan is walking around a triangular park. The vertices of the park are given by the position vectors (- ̂-
7 ̂+ .

̂ ̂ ̂
2 ), (3 ̂+ ̂+4 ) and (5 ̂+7 ̂+ ). Show that the park is in right triangular shape. Also find its other two angles.

Find the position vector of the point which divides the join of the points (2 -3⃗ ) and (3 -2⃗ ) in the ratio, (i) internally, (ii) externally.

On the week days, every morning Piya first drops her son to his school and then she goes to her office.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Let her house, the school and the office are represented by the position vectors (-2 +3 +5 ), ( +2 +3 ) and (7 - ). Show that for any , and the house, the school and the office
are on the same straight path.
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
, , and are mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitudes, show that the vector + + is equally inclined to , , and . ̂

29. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are represented by the vectors 1 = 3 ̂+ ̂-2 and 2
= ̂-3 ̂+4

CASE BASED QUESTION

Ishaan left from his village on weekend. First, he travelled up to temple. After this, he left for
the zoo. After this he left for shopping in a mall. The positions of Ishaan at different
places is given in the following graph.

92
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
Find position vector of B
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(ii) Find the vector in terms of ̂, ̂

(iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the length of vector

OR
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗

If =4 j-3k, then find unit vector along

A building is to be constructed in the form of a triangular pyramid, ABCD as shown in the

figure.

Let its angular points are A(0, 1, 2), B(3, 0, 1), C(4, 3, 6) and D(2, 3, 2) and G be the
point of intersection of the medians of BCD.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
Find the coordinates of point G are
(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the length of vector

Find the Area of ∆ABC (in sq. units)

OR ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

Find the sum of lengths of and .

ANSWERS: PRACTICE MATERIALS

1) (b) 2) (c) 3)(d) 4(b) 5) (c) 6) (c) 7) (a) 8) (c) 9(b) 10) (c) 11(a) 12) (a) 13(b) 14(c)

Q. ANSWER MARKS
NO
The direction ratios are (5, -3, 4)
∴ The direction cosines are = , ,
5 −3 4 1 −3 4
5√2 , 5√2 5√2 = √2 , 5√2 5√2

93
 16

∴ y +5z = (-2) + 5(-1) = - 8 - 5 = -13

x 3
2
17 ⃗ +
⃗

3 ̂−2 ̂+6 3 ̂−2 ̂+6

̂ 3
̂-
2
̂+
6 ̂
2
The required unit vector = ⃗
= = =
| ⃗+ | √9+4+36 7 7 7 7

18 ̂ 2 5 1
2
| |=1,| ⃗|=1, | +⃗|=1
| ̂− +2 ̂|=√4+25+1=√30 & . =− √30 .− √30 ,− √30

(| +⃗|)2+(|⃗ −⃗|)2=2{| |2+|⃗|2}=4 ⃗ 2

(| − | )2 = 3 or | − | = √3
(| . ⃗ |)2 + (| × ⃗ | )2 = {| |2. | ⃗ |2} or (| × ⃗ | )2 = 64 or | × ⃗ | = 8

22 ⃗
3 4
̂
13 9
̂ ̂

=(- 5 ̂- 5 ̂-
)+( 5

̂+ 5 ̂- 3 ) = 2 ̂+ ̂- 4 is the required expression.

23 To prove P intersects ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

and , show that A,P,B are collinear as well as

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

C,P,D. P is a common to and and so and intersect at P. 2

Area = | × ⃗ | = 15√2 Sq. units
Let the position vectors of the vertices A, B and C of the triangular park is
3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ ̂
6+12−18

= = =0
. (3 ̂+2 ̂+6 ).(2 ̂+6 ̂−3 )

cos =
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
7×7 49 3
||||
π
= 2 , Therefore, the park is in right triangular shape.

The other two angles are π

,
π i.e., 45° and 45°
4 4

26 12 13 ⃗ ⃗
3
5

- 5And −5 3
27 The position vectors of the house, the school and the office are
⃗ ⃗ ⃗

= (-2 +3 +5 ), = ( +2 +3 ) and = (7 - )
Now prove ⃗
are collinear for the required result
, ,
29 area = 5√3 sq. units

30 4 3
3
( ) 5 ̂+ 3 ̂ ( ) ̂+ 2 ̂
(iii)√85 units OR 5 ̂+ 5 ̂

31 (i) (3, 2, 3) (ii) √11 units (iii) 3 √10 sq. unit OR 9.32 units
3

3
4

94
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

95
CONCEPT MAPPING:

96
KEY POINTS:

− 1

Direction Cosines of a line:

A directed line passing through origin making angles , , with , axes respectively are called direction angles. Cosine of these angles namely cos , cos , cos are called direction cosines of
the directed line . Direction cosines of a line are denoted by , where = cos , = ,
= . If , and are the direction cosine of a line then 2 + 2 + 2 = 1.

Direction ratios of a line:

Any three numbers which are proportional to the direction cosines of a line are called the direction ratios of the line. Direction
ratios of a line are denoted as a,b,c .

= , = , = , being a constant. =± ; =±
2 2 2 2 2 2
√ + + √ + +
and = ± √ 2+ 2+ 2 . The sign to be taken for , and depend on the desired sign of , either a positive or negative. The direction ratios of the line segment joining the points P( 1, 1, 1)
and
Q( 2, 2, 2) may be taken as 2 − 1, 2 − 1, 2 − 1.

Skew lines: Skew lines are lines in space which are neither parallel nor intersecting. They lie in different
planes.

Equation of a line in Space

Equation of a line passing through a point and parallel to a vector:

Vector form:- Let a line passes through a point with position vector and parallel to a vector ⃗ .Let P be any point on this line with position vector . Then the equation of the line in
vector form is given by = + ⃗ ,where is some scalar.
Cartesian form:- In cartesian form the equation of the line is given by

−1 −
= 1
= where the line passes through the point ( 1, 1, 1) and a,b,c are the direction ratios of the line.

Equation of a line passing through two points:

Vector form:- Let a line passes through two points with position vector and ⃗ .Let P be any point on this line with position vector .Then the equation of the line in vector form is given by
= + ( − ), where is a scalar.
⃗

97
 Cartesian form:- Let the line passes through the points ( , , ) and( , , ).Then the
equation of the line is − − −

= =
− − −

Angle Between Two lines:

➢
The angle between the two lines
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑
| 1. 2|

by cos =
The acute angle between the lines ⃑ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑1 + 1 and ⃑ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑2 + 2 is given | || |

1 2

And the obtuse angle between them = −

Distance Formula:

1) Distance between the points ( , , ) and ( , , ) is given by

= √( − )+( − )+( − )

2)
(a) The Shortest Distance between the Skew Lines = 1 + 1 and = 2 + 2 is given by

⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗ (⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ )

( × ).

=| |

| × |

(b) The Shortest Distance between the Skew Lines

and − − − − − −

= = = =

( − ) ( − ) ( − )

| |

is = |
2 2 2
|
√( − − +( −
) +( ) )

1 2 1 2 12 21 1 2 12

3)
⃗

The distance between the parallel lines = 1 + and = 2 + is given by

× (⃗⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
=| |

| |

MCQ QUESTIONS
1. If the cartesian equation of a line , write its vector equation.
(3− ) ( +4) (2 −6 )
= =
7
5 4

(a) = ( −̂ 4 +̂ 6 )̂ + (5 ̂+ 7 ̂+ 2 ̂) (b) =(3 −̂4 +̂3 )̂+ (−5 +̂7 +̂2 )̂

(c) = (3 +̂ 4 +̂ 3 )̂ + (−5 +̂ 7 +̂ 2 )̂ (d) = (3 −̂ 4 +̂ 3 )̂ + (5 +̂ 7 +̂ 2 )̂

2. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, −3,4) on the y-axis.

98
 (a) (2,0,4) (b) (0,3,0) (c) (0, −3,0) (d) (−2,0, −4)
If a line makes angles 90° and 60° with the positive direction of and axes, find the angle which it makes with positive direction of -axis.

(a) /3 (b) /4 (c) /6

(d) 0
4. The distance of a point P ( , , ) fom x-axis is

2
+ 2 2
+ 2
(a) √ + +
2 2
(b) (c) 2 2
(d)√

5. Write direction cosines of a line parallel to z-axis.

(a) 1,0,0 (b) 0,0,1 (c) 1,1,0 (d) −1, −1, −1

6. If the lines ( −2) ( −1) ( 4− )

and ( −1) ( −4) ( −5)
are perpendicular, find the value of k .
= = = =

3
1 2 −2

(a) -2/5 (b) -2/7 (c) 4 (d) 2/7

7. The equation of a line is ( −1) ( +3) ( +2)
, find the direction cosines of a line parallel to the given
= =

−2 3 6

line.

(a) −2/7, 3/7, 6/7 (b) 2/7, −3/7, − 6/7 (c) −2 , 3 , 6 (d) 2 , −3 , −6

Direction ratio of line joining (2, 3, 4) and (−1, −2, 1), are:
(a) (−3, −5, −3) (b) (−3, 1, −3) (c) (−1, −5, −3) (d) (−3, −5, 5)
The vector equation for the line passing through the points (–1, 0, 2) and (3, 4, 6) is:
(a) + 2 + (4 + 4 + 4 ) (b) – 2 + (4 + 4 + 4 )
(c) − + 2 + (4 + 4 + 4 ) (d) − + 2 + (4 – 4 – 4 )

If a line has direction ratios 2, – 1, – 2, determine its direction cosines:

(a) ⅓, ⅔, −⅓ (b) ⅔, −⅓, −⅔ (c) −⅔, ⅓, ⅔
(d) None of the above
MCQ ANSWERS
1) (b) 2) (c) 3) (c) 4) (d) 5) (b) 6) (a) 7) (a) 8) (a) 9) (c) 10) (b)

Assertion Reason Type Questions

In these questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a statement of Reason is given. Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices:

Assertion and Reason both are correct statements and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Assertion and Reason both are correct statements but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
Assertion is correct statement but Reason is wrong statement.
Assertion is wrong statement but Reason is correct statement.
1. Assertion: If the cartesian equation of a line is ( −5) +4 −6
then its vector form is
= =

7 2
3

99
 =5−4 +6 + (3 +7 + 2 ).
Reason: The cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (–2, 4, – 5) and parallel to the
line given by = = is =
( +3) = −4 +8 ( +3) −4 +8

5 5 6
3 6 3

2. Assertion: The pair of lines given by⃗⃗ = − + ( 2 + )and ⃗⃗ =2− + ( +−)

intersect
Reason: Two lines intersect each other, if they are not parallel and shortest distance = 0.
3. Assertion: If a line passes through a point whose position vector is = − 4 − 2 and is parallel
to
= 2 + 2 + 3 then, its equation is

= − 4 − 2 + (2 + 2 + 3 )
Reason: If a line passes through a point whose position vector is ⃗
and is parallel to the vector then,
⃗
its equation is = +
4. Assertion: The three lines with direction cosines 12

, −3
, −4 4
, 12
, 3 3
, −4
, 12

13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13

are mutually perpendicular.

Reason: The line through the points (1, –1, 2) and (3, 4, –2) is perpendicular to the line through
the points (0, 3, 2) and (3, 5, 6).
5. Assertion: The angle between the straight lines
+1 − 2 +3 − 1 +2 − 3
2 = 5 = 4 and 1 = 2 = 3 is 90°

Reason: Skew-lines are lines in different planes which are parallel and intersecting.
ANSWERS(Assertion Reason Type Questions)

1) (c) 2) (a) 3)(a) 4)(b) 5(c)

2 MARKS QUESTIONS
2 2 2
If , , ϒ are the direction angles of a line, find the value of + + ϒ

Find the value of k so that the lines = − = and – 2 = 2 + 1 = − + 1 are

perpendicular to each other.
Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the line passing through points (3, −2, −5) and (5, −4, 6).

Check whether the lines passing through (1, 1, 2) and (3,5,1) is parallel to the line through (4, 2,
−1) and (2, −2 , 0)

The points A (1,2,3), B (−1, −2, −3)and C (2,3,2) are the vertices of a parallelogram, then find
the equation of CD.

100
 ANSWERS OF 2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. 2
2. −1 +1−1

The lines are: 1 = −1 = 1/ and 2 = 1/2 = −1 after applying condition k = 2

3 −3 +2 +5 ̂ ̂

Cartesian : 2
=
−2
=
11
Vector : = (3 ̂− 2 ̂− 5 ) + (2 ̂− 2 ̂+ 11 )

4 Show that d.r. of lines are proportional

5 First find coordinates of (4,7,8) then equation.

LONG ANSWER (TYPE 1) QUESTIONS (3 marks questions)

1) Find the equation of the line passing through the point P ( −1,3, −2 ) and perpendicular to the lines
= =
and +2
=
−1
=
+1

1 3 2
2 −3 5

2) Find the acute angle between the two lines by − = +

=
+ by − = +
=
+

3) Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are

= (1 − ) ̂+ ( −2) ̂+(3− 2 ) ̂

= ( + 1) ̂+ (2 − 1) ̂− (2 + 1) ̂

Find the shortest distance between the lines = 3 ̂+ 2 ̂− 4 ̂+ ( ̂+ 2 ̂+ 2 ̂) d = 5 ̂− 2 ̂+ (3 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 6 ̂). Find the point of intersection if
exists.

Show that the points A (2, 3, – 4), B (1, – 2, 3) and C (3, 8, – 11) are collinear

The cartesian equation of a line is 6x – 2 = 3y + 1 = 2z – 2. Find the direction cosines of the line. Write
down the cartesian and vector equations of a line passing through (2, – 1, – 1) which are parallel to the
given line.
ANSWERS OF (LONG ANSWER TYPE 1) QUESTIONS (3 marks)
= =
+1 − 3 +2
Equation of required line is 2 − 7 4

1 8
1. Using appropriate formula we get cos = 2 => = /3 Shortest distance, = √29
The S.D. is 0 ∴ lines are intersecting.pt of intersection is (−1, −6, −12)

2 Show that direction ratios of AB and BC are proportional. That means AB is parallel to BC.
Hence, A, B, C are collinear points.
3
,
1 2
DR’s of the line are (1, 2, 3).∴ Direction cosines of the line are , 3
4 √14 √14 √14

−2 −1 −1
5 Cartesian : = = : r = (2î + ĵ + k)̂+ λ (î + 2ĵ + 3k)̂
1 2 3

101

6
 LONG −ANSWER (TYPE 2 )QUESTIONS (5 marks questions)
(a) Find the image of the point (1,6,3) in the line:1 = =
1 −2
2 3

(b) Also, find the length of the segment joining the given point and its image.
Show that the lines = ( ̂+ ̂− ̂) + (3 ̂− ̂) and = (4 ̂− ̂) + (2 ̂+ 3 ̂) intersect each other. Find their point of intersection.

Prove that the line through A (0, – 1, – 1) and B(4, 5, 1) intersects the line through C (3, 9, 4) and D (- 4,
4, 4).
ANSWERS OF (LONG ANSWER TYPE 2) QUESTIONS
1 P (1,6,3)

Q is the foot of the perpendicular from P R( , , )

Therefore, Q is ( ,2 +1,3 +2)

PQ is perpendicular to the line − 1 −2 , so we have

= =
1 2 3

( − 1)1 + (2 + 1 − 6)2 + ( 3 + 2 − 3)3 = 0 or = 1 ℎ Q = ( 1,3,5)

Using midpoint formula +1

= 1,
+6
= 3,
+3
= 5 ⇒ = 1, = 0, = 7,∴ image is (1,0,7)

Required distance PR = 2√13 using distance formula

2 2

The two given lines will intersect if

( ̂+ ̂− ̂) + (3 ̂− ̂) = (4 ̂− ̂) + (2 ̂+ 3 ̂) for some particular values of
Equating coefficients of ̂ ̂and solving we get, = 1 and =0
2
Substituting in the coefficient of ̂, the equation is satisfied. ∴ the two lines intersect Putting λ = 1 in the first line, the point of intersection is (4,0, −1)
̂ ̂

Equation of line passing through (0,-1,-1) and (4,5,1) is

Equation of line passing through (3,9,4) and (-4,4,4) is = (3 ̂+ 9 ̂+ 4 ) + (−4 ̂+ 4 ̂+ 4 ) Now solve as above in Q.2
= (− ̂− ) + (4 ̂+ 5 ̂+ )
̂ ̂

102
 CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
̂

1. Two aeroplanes A and B are flying along the lines

̂
= ( ̂+ 2 ̂− ) and = 3 ̂+ 3 ̂+ (2 ̂+ ̂+

) respectively.

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

Find the cartesian equation of the line along which aeroplane A is flying
nd
What are the direction cosines of the line of flight of the 2 aeroplane
Find the shortest distance between the given lines.
In a diamond exhibition, a diamond is covered in cubical glass box having coordinates O(0, 0, 0),
A(1, 0, 0), B(1, 2, 0), C(0, 2, 0), O'(0,0,3), A'(1, 0, 3), B'(1, 2, 3) and C(0, 2, 3).

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

Find direction ratios of OA

Find the cartesian and vector equation of the diagonal OB′

A mobile tower stands at the top of a hill. Consider the surface on which tower stands as a plane having points A(0, 1,2), B(3, 4, −1) and C(2, 4, 2) on it.
(4,0,2), as shown in the figure. Let N(2, −3,1) be the foot of the perpendicular from the point P.
The mobile tower is tied with 3 cables from the points A, B and C such that it stands vertically on the ground. The peak of the tower is at the point

103
Based on the above information answer the following questions:

Find the equation of the line BC

Find the equation of the perpendicular line drawn from the peak of tower to the foot of the perpendicular where N( 2, −3,1) is the foot of the perpendicular.

Find the height of the tower.

A student drew 2 skew lines as shown below with their points through which they pass and their
⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗

+2
= = − 2 − 3
= − 5
= − 7
directions 1 and 2 . The equations of these two lines 1 2 are given by

2 3 1 and 1 − 2 1

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

⃗⃗⃗⃗
Find the vector 1 × 2

Find the shortest distance between these two lines 12.

ANSWERS OF CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1(a)
= =

1 2 −1

1(b) 2 1 1

( , , )

√6 √6 √6

1(c) 0
2(a) 1,0,0

2(b) ̂

=
1 2 = 3 and Vector equation: = ( ̂+ 2 ̂+ 3 ) where is a scalar.

3(a) −2

=
−4

=
−2

1 0 −3

3(b) −4 −2
= =
−2 −3 −1

3(c)
√14 units

4(a)
5 ̂− ̂−
7

4(b) √3 units

104
 Linear Programming Problems

The term ’Programming’ means planning and it refers to a particular plan of actions from amongst
several alternatives for maximizing profit or minimizing cost etc. The term ‘Linear’ means that all
inequations or equations used and the function to be maximized or minimized are linear.

So, linear programming deals with the optimization (maximization or minimization) of a linear function of a
number of variables subject to a number of conditions on the variables, in the form of linear inequations or
equations in variables involved.

Few important terms related to LPP :

Objective function: A linear function z = ax + by, (where a and b are constants) which has to be maximized
or minimized according to a set of given conditions, is called as linear objective function. Variables x and y
are called Decision variables.

Constraints: The restrictions in the form of linear inequalities on the variables of linear programming
problems are called constraints. The condition x >= 0 y >= 0 are called non-negative constraints.

Solution: A set of values of variables x, y which satisfies the constraints of LPP, is called a solution of LPP.

Feasible Solution: A set of values of the variables x, y is called a feasible solution of a LPP, if it satisfies the
constraints and non-negativity restrictions of the problem.

Infeasible Solution: If the system of constraints has no point which satisfies all the constraints and non-
negativity restrictions.

Theorem 1

Let R be the feasible region (convex polygon) for a linear programming problem and let Z = ax + by be the
objective function. When Z has an optimal value (maximum or minimum), where the variables x and y are
subject to constraints described by linear inequalities, this optimal value must occur at a corner point
(vertex) of the feasible region.

Theorem 2

Let R be the feasible region for a linear programming problem, and let

Z = ax + by be the objective function. If R is bounded , then the objective function Z has both a maximum
and a minimum value on R and each of these occurs at a corner point (vertex) of R.

105
If R is unbounded, then a maximum or a minimum value of the objective function may not exist. However,
if it exists, it must occur at a corner point of R.

Solving linear programming problem using Corner Point Method.

The method comprises of the following steps:

Find the feasible region of the linear programming problem and determine its corner Points
(vertices) either by inspection or by solving the two equations of the lines intersecting

at the point.

Evaluate the objective function Z=ax+ by at each corner point. Let M and m, respectively
denote the largest and smallest values of these points.

When the feasible region is bounded, M and m are the maximum and minimum value of Z.
In case, the feasible region is unbounded, we have:
M is the maximum value of Z , if the open half plane determined by ax+ by > M
has no point in common with the feasible region Otherwise, Z has no maximum value.
Similarly, m is the minimum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by

ax+ by < m has no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise, Z has no minimum
value.

MCQ (Each questions carries 1 mark)

Solution set of the inequality 3x+ 5y < 4 is ....

(a) an open half-plane not containing the origin

an open half-plane containing the origin

the whole xy- plane not containing the line 3x+ 5y=4

a closed half plane containing the origin

2. Which of the following points satisfies both the in equations 2x+y≤10 and x+2y≥ 8?

(a) (-2,4) (b) (3,2) (c) (-5,6) (d) (4,2)

The corner points of the bounded feasible region determined by a system of linear constraints are (0,3),
(1,1)and (3,0). Let Z = px + qy, where p,q >0. The condition on p and q so that the minimum of Z occurs at
(3,0) and (1,1) is
106
(a) p=2q (b) p=q/2 (c) p=3q (d) p=q

The feasible region satisfied by the constraints

+ ≤ 5, ≤ 4, ≤ 4, ≥0, ≥0,5 + ≥ 5, x+ 6 ≥6 is bounded by

(a)4 straight lines (b) 5 straight lines (c) 6 straight lines (d) 7 straight lines
For the following feasible region, the linear constraints are : ≥ 0, ≥ 0, 3 + 2 ≤ 12, x+ 3 ≤ 11

(a) ≥ 0, ≥0,3 +2 ≥ 12, + 3 ≥ 11 (b) ≥ 0, ≥0,3 +2 ≤12, +3 ≥11

(c) ≥ 0, ≥ 0, 3 + 2 ≤ 12, + 3 ≤ 11 (d) None of these

Based on the given shaded region as the feasible region in the graph, at which point(s) is
the objective function Z = 3x + 9y maximum?

(a) Point B (b) Point C (c) Every point on line segment CD (d) Point D

In the given graph, the feasible region for a LPP is shaded. The objective function = 20 + 10 , will be minimum at:

(a) (15,0) (b) (40,0) (c)(4,18) (d)(6,12)

Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0,2), (3,0), (6,0), (6,8) and (0,5). Let = 4 + 6 be the objective
function. The minimum value of occurs at:

107
 (0,2)

(a) (0,2) only and (3,0)

(b) (3,0) only (c) The mid-point on the line segment joining the point (d)Any point on the line segment joining the
points (0,2) and (3,0).
only

The feasible region corresponding to the linear constraints of a Linear Programming Problem is given
below.

Which of the following is not a constraint to the given Linear Programming Problem?

(a) x+y≥2 (b) x + 2y ≤10 (c) x-y≥1 (d) x- y ≤1

The corner points of the shaded unbounded feasible region of an LPP are (0, 4), (0.6, 1.6) and (3, 0) as
shown in the figure. The minimum value of the objective function Z = 4x + 6y occurs at

(a)(0.6, 1.6) (b) (3, 0) only (c) (0.6, 1.6) and (3, 0) only

(d) at every point of the line-segment joining the points (0.6, 1.6) and (3, 0)

SA (This section comprises of short answer type questions of 3 marks each)

Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Minimize: z = x + 2y ,

subject to the constraints: x + 2y ≥100, 2x -y≤0, 2x +y ≤200, x,y≥0

Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Maximize: z= - x +2 y

subject to the constraints: x≥3, x +y ≥5, x +2y ≥6, y≥0

Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

108
 Maximize Z = 400x + 300y

subject to + ≤ 200, ≤ 40, ≥ 20, ≥ 0

Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Minimize Z = 5x + 10y

subject to+ 2 ≤ 120, +y ≥ 60, x-2y≥0, ≥ 0, ≥ 0

Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Maximize Z = 3x + 9y

subject to the constraints + ≥10, + 3y ≤ 60, x≤y , ≥ 0, ≥0

MCQs(Answers)
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7.( ) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)

Minimize: z = x + 2y , subject to the constraints: x + 2y ≥100, 2x -y≤0, 2x +y ≤200, x,y≥0

Corner Point Z= x +2y

A(0,50) 100 Min
B(20,40) 100 Min
C(50,100) 250
D(0,200) 400
The minimum value of Z is 100 at all the points on the line segment joining the points A(0,50) and (20,40).

12. Maximize: z= - x +2 y ,

subject to the constraints: x≥3, x +y ≥5, x +2y ≥6, y≥0

109
 Corner Point z= - x +2 y

A(3,2) 1 ( may or may not be the maximum value)

B(4,1) -2
C(6,0) -6

Since the feasible region is unbounded, Z=1 may or may not be the maximum value. Now, we drawq the graph of –
x+2y>1 and we check whether the resulting open half-plane has any point/s, in common with the feasible region or
not. Here, the resulting open half plane has points in common with the feasible region.

Hence, Z =1 is not the maximum value. We conclude, Z has no maximum value .

We have Z= 400x +300y, subject to x + y ≤ 200, ≤ 40, ≥ 20, ≥ 0 . The corner points of the feasible region are
C(20,0), D(40,0), B(40,160), A(20,180)

Corner Point Z = 400x + 300y

A(20,180) 62000
B(40,160) 64000 maximum
C(20,0) 8000
D(40,0) 16000
Maximum profit occurs at x= 40, y=160 and the maximum profit = Rs 64,000

14. We have minimize Z = 5x + 10y

subject to + 2 ≤ 120, +y ≥ 60, x-2y≥0, ≥ 0, ≥ 0

Corner Point Z = 5x + 10y

A(40,20) 400
B(60,0) 300 Min
C(120,0) 600
D(60,30) 600
So, Zmin= 300 at (60,0)
110
15. We have maximize Z = 3x + 9y subject to the constraints + ≥10, + 3y ≤ 60, x≤y , ≥ 0, ≥ 0

Corner Points Z = 3x + 9y
A(0,20) 180 max
B(0,10) 90
C(5,5) 60
D(15,15) 180 max
So, Z max= 180 at infinitely many points lying on the line joining points (0,20) and (15,15).

111
 PROBABILITY
CONCEPT MAP:

KEY POINTS:
Conditional Probability
If E and F are two events associated with the same sample space of a random experiment, then the
conditional probability of the event E under the condition that the event F has occurred, written as P (E/F), is
given by P(E/F) = P(E∩F)/ P(F) ; P(F) ≠0

Properties of Conditional Probability

Let E and F be events associated with the sample space S of an experiment. Then:

P (SIF) = P(FIF) = 1
̅
P[(A∪B)/F] = P(AIF) + P(BIF)−P [(A∩BI F)], where A and B are any two events associated with S.
P ( IF) = 1−P (E/F)

112
 Multiplication Theorem on Probability
Let E and F be two events associated with a sample space of an experiment. Then
P (E∩F) = P(E) P (F/E), P (E) ≠ 0

= P (F) P (E/F), P (F) ≠ 0

If E, F and G are three events associated with a sample space, then
P(E∩F∩G) = P(E) P (F/E) P (G/E∩F)

Independent Events
Let E and F be two events associated with a sample space S. If the probability of occurrence of one of them
is not affected by the occurrence of the other, then we say that the two events are independent. Thus, two
events E and F will be independent, if
P (FIE) = P (F), provided P (E) ≠ 0
P (E/F) = P(E), provided P (F) ≠ 0
Using the multiplication theorem on probability, we have
(c) P(E/F) = P(E) P (F)
Three events A, B and C are said to be mutually independent if all the following conditions hold:
P(A∩B)=P(A) P (B)
P(A∩C)=P(A) P (C)
P(B∩C) = P(B) P (C) and
P(A∩B∩C) = P (A) P (B) P (C)

Partition of a Sample Space

A set of events E1, E2, ..., En is said to represent a partition of a sample space S if

Ei ∩ Ej =, i≠ , I, j = 1, 2, 3........, n

E1UE2U...U En = S, and

Each Ei, ≠ 0, i. e, P (Ei) > 0 for all i = 1, 2, ..., n

Theorem of Total Probability

Let (E1, E2, ..., En} be a partition of the sample space S. Let A be any event associated with S, then P(A) = ∑ =1 P( )P(A/ )

Bayes' Theorem
IF E1, E2, ..., En are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated with a sample space, and A is any event of
non zero probability, then
P(EIA) = P( )P(AI ) /∑ P( )P(A/ ) =1

113
Random Variable and its Probability Distribution
A random variable is a real valued function whose domain is the sample space of a random experiment.The
probability distribution of a random variable X is the system of numbers

X 1 2 …………………….
P(X) 1 2 ……………………..
where pi > 0, i=1, 2,..., n , Σpi = 1,

1 MARK QUESTIONS
1
1− ( )

Two events A and B are such that ( ) ≠ 0, then ( / ). 1− ( )=

) ( ) b) ( ) c) ( ∩ ) d)None of these

2 If two events are A and B, then the probability of happening only one event of them exactly

( )+ ( )− ( ∩ )
) ) ( )+ ( )−2 ( ∩ )

̅
) ( )+ ( )− ( ∪ )
) ( / )+ ( / )

3 Given P (A) = ½, P (B) = p and P (A∪B) = 3/5. The value of p for which A and B

are mutually exclusive.

1 1 1 1

) ) ) )

5 15 10 7

4 The probability of having 53 Mondays in a leap year chosen randomly

a) 1
b) 3
c) 4
d) 2

7 7 7 7

If the probability for A to fail in an examination is 0.2 and that for B is 0.3. Then the
probability that neither fails.
a) 0.57 b) 0.58 c) 0.56 d) 0.65
6 If A and B are independent events, and P(A)= ½, P(B) =1/3, then

P(∪)=

a) 2
b) 1
c) 1
d) 4

3
6 3 3

7 A random variable X is specified by the following distribution.

X 2 3 4

P (X = r) 0.3 0.4 0.3

the mean of this distribution is

a) 2 b) 2.7 c) 3.5 d) 3

114
Two dice are thrown. It is known that the sum of numbers on the dice is less than 6, the
probability of getting a sum 3 is
(a) 1/18 (b) 1/10 (c) 2/5 (d) 1/5
Events A and B are not independent if

(a) P(A∩B) = P(A/B) P(B) (b) P(A∩B) = P(B/A) P(A)

(c) P(A∩B) =P(A)+P(B) (d)P(A∩B) =P(A)P(B)

If two events are independent, then

(a)they must be mutually exclusive (b) the sum of their probabilities must be 1

(c ) both(a) and (b) are correct (d) none of the above

If P(A∩B) = 0.15, P(B’) = 0.10, then P(A/B) =

(a) 1/3 (b) ¼ (c) 1/6 (d) 1/5

A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random without
replacement, the probability of getting exactly one red ball is
(a) 45/196 (b) 135/392 (c) 15/56 (d) 15/29
13 If P(A) = 1/2, P(B) = 0, then P(A|B) is
(a) 0 (b) ½ (c) not defined (d)1

14 If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) – P (A and B) =P(A), then

(a) P(B|A) = 1 (b) P(A|B) = 1 (c) P(B|A) = 0 (d) P(A|B) = 0

If A and B are two events such that P(A) ≠ 0 and P (B | A) = 1, then

The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is
(a) 0 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/12 (d) 1/36
17 Two events A and B will be independent, if
(a) A and B are mutually exclusive (b) P(A′∩B′) = [1 – P(A)] [1 – P(B)]

(c) P(A) = P(B) (d) P(A) + P(B) = 1

18 If P(A|B) > P(A), then which of the following is correct:

(a) P(B|A) < P(B) (b)P(A ∩ B) < P(A) . P(B) (c)P(B|A) > P(B) (d) P(B|A) = P(B)

19 Events A and B are said to be mutually exclusive iff

(a) P (A ∩ B) =P(A) +P(B) (b)P (A ∩ B) =P(A)P(B) (c) A ∩ B = φ (d) None of these

115
20 If A and B are independent events, then which of the following is not true
(a) P(A|B) = P(A) (b)P(B|A) = P(B) (c)P(B|A) = P(A|B) (d)None of these
2MARKS QUESTIONS
If for any two events A and B, P(A) = 4
5 and P(A∩ ) = 7
10 , then find ( )

A bag contains 3 white, 4 black and 2 red balls. If 2 balls are drawn at random (without
replacement), then find the probability that both the balls are white.

A die, whose faces are marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green, is tossed. Let A be

the event “number obtained is even” and B be the event “number obtained is red”.
Find if A and B are independent events.
Let A and B be two events. If ( ) = 0.2, ( ) = 0.4, ( ∪ ) = 0.6 then find ( )

A black and a red die are rolled together. Find the conditional probability of obtaining the
sum 8, given that the red die resulted in a number less than 4.

To test the quality of electric bulbs produced in a factory, two bulbs are randomly selected
from a large sample without replacement. If either bulb is defective, the entire lot is
rejected. Suppose a sample of 200 bulbs contains 5 defective bulbs. Find
the probability that the sample will be rejected.
A fair die is rolled. Consider the events A={1, 3, 5}, B={2, 3} and C={2, 3, 4, 5}.

A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event ‘head appears on the coin’ and B be
the event ‘3 on the die’. Check whether A and B are independent events or not .
10% of the bulbs produced in a factory are red colour and 2 % are red and defective.
If one bulb is picked at random, determine the probability of its being defective if it is red.
2 4 2
The probability that a person will get an electric contract is 5 and the probability that he will not get plumbing contract is 7
. If the probability of getting at least one contract is 3 ,
what is the probability that he will get both ?

3 MARKS QUESTIONS

A refrigerator box contains 2 milk chocolates and 4 dark chocolates. Two chocolates are drawn at
random. Find the probability distribution of the number of milk chocolates. What is the most
likely outcome ?

116
 2 Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls while another bag II contains 5 red and 6 black balls.
One ball is drawn at random from one of the bags and it is found to be red. Find the
probability that it was drawn from bag II .
3 The probability distribution of a random variable X is given below :

X 1 2 3

P(X)
2 3 6

(i) Find the value of k

(ii)
Find P(1≤ < 3)

(iii) Find E(X), the mean of X

4 Suppose 5% of men and 0.25% of women have grey hair. A grey haired person is selected at
random. What is the probability of this person being male ? Assume that there are equal
number of males and females
5 A random variable X has the following probability distribution :

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

P(X) 0 2 2 3
2
2 2
7 2
+

Determine :
(i) (ii) (iii)
P( <3) P( >6)

A bag contains 4 red and 3 black balls. A second bag contains 2 red and 4 black balls. One bag is
selected at random. From the selected bag, one ball is drawn. Find the probability that the
ball drawn is red.

Suppose that 6% of the people with blood group O are left handed and 10% of those with
other blood groups are left handed. 30% of the people have blood group O. If a left
handed person is selected at random, what is the probability that he/she will have
blood group O ?

An electric assembly consists of two sub-systems say A and B. From previous testing
procedures, the following probabilities are assumed to be known

P(A fails)=0.2, P(B fails alone)=0.15, P( A and B fail)=0.15

Evaluate the following probabilities
P(A fails/B has failed)
P(A fails alone)

117
A machine operates if all of its three components function. The probability that the first
component fails during the year is 0.14, the second component fails is 0.10 and the
third component fails is 0.05. What is the probability that the machine will fail
during the year ?

Two thirds of the students in a class are boys and the rest are girls. It is known that the
probability of a girl getting a first class is 0.25 and that of a boy getting a first class is
0.28. Find the probability that a student chosen at random will get first class marks in
the subject.
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
Two boxes containing candies are placed on a table. The boxes are labeled 1 and 2. Box 1 contains 7 cinnamon candies and 4 ginger candies. Box 2contains 3

cinnamon candies and 10 pepper candies. The boxes are arranged so that the probability of selecting box 1 is 1⁄3 and the probability of selecting box 2 is 2⁄3.

Suresh is blindfolded and asked to select a candy. He will win a color TV if he selects

a cinnamon candy. What is the probability that Suresh will win the TV (that is, he will select a
cinnamon candy)?

Three companies A, B and C supply 25%, 35% and 40% of the notebooks to a school. Past
experience shows that 5%, 4% and 2% of the notebooks produced by

these companies are defective. If a notebook was found to be defective, what is

the probability that the notebook was supplied by A?
If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If it is incorrectly

set up, it produces only 40% acceptable items. Past experience shows that 80% of the set
ups are correctly done. If after a certain set up, the machine produces acceptable items,
find the probability that the machine is correctly set up.

Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostels and 40% are day scholars (not
residing in hostels). Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in
hostels attain A grade and 20% of day scholars attain A grade in their annual examination. At
the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and he has an A
grade. What is the probability that the student is a hostler?

An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its color is noted and is
returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the color drawn are put in the urn and
then a ball is drawn at random. What is the probability that the second ball is red?

118
 6 Two cards are drawn simultaneously (or successively without replacement) from a well
shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the mean of the number of aces.
7 Colored balls are distributed in three bags as shown in the following table

Bag Red White Black

I 1 2 3
II 2 4 1
III 4 5 3
A bag is selected at random and two balls are randomly drawn from the selected bag. They
happen to be black and red. What is the probability that they came from bag I.

8 A factory has three machine X, Y, Z producing 1000, 2000, 3000 bolts per day respectively.
The machine X produced 1% defective bolts, Y produce 1.5% and Z produce 2% defective
bolts. At the end of a day, a bolt is drawn at random and is found defective. What is the
probability that the defective bolt is produced by the machine X?

9 Two cards are drawn in succession from a well shuffled deck of 52 cards, the first card being
replaced, before the second is drawn. Let X denote the number of spades drawn. Find the
probability distribution of X?
10 A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it is six.
Find the probability that it is actually a six.
CASE BASED QUESTIONS
A coach is training three players. He observed that player A hits 4 times the shot in 5 tries,
player B hits 3 times the shot in 4 and player C is able to hit twice the shot in 3 tries.

Based on above information, answer following questions

A,B,C all hit. It is a shot. What is the probability that the shot is hit by B only?
If A,B,C all try , what is the probability that it was hit by none?
Find the probability that the shot was hit by exactly 2 players.

119
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
In an Office three employees Jayant, Sonia and Olivia process a calculation in an excel form.
Probability that Jayant, Sonia, Olivia process the calculation respectively is 50%, 20% and
30% . Jayant has a probability of making a mistake as 0.06 , Sonia has probability 0.04 to
make a mistake and Olivia has a probability 0.03 . Based on the above information, answer
the following questions.

(i)Find the probability that Sonia processed the calculation and committed a mistake.
(ii)Find the total probability of committing a mistake in processing the calculation.
(iii)The boss wants to do a good check. During check, he selects a calculation form at random
from all the days. If the form selected at random has a mistake, find the probability that the
form is not processed by Jayant.
Tiki has started late for college. She is running towards Laboni bus-stop. To reach college she has to change buses from either Hidco
Crossing or Dharmatala. For that she would take either bus A or bus B.Probability of getting into bus A, B are 3/7 , 4/7 . If
she gets on bus A coming from Karunamoyee , she would get bus 1 or 2 from Hidco crossing. Probability of getting bus 1
from Hidco crossing is ⅖ , probability of getting bus 2 from Hidco crossing is ⅗. If she gets on bus B from Quality crossing
and gets bus 1 or bus 3 from Dharmatala. Probability of getting bus 1 from Dharmatala is ⅓, probability of getting bus 3
from Dharmatala is 2/3

i)Tiki reaches college by bus 1. What is the probability that she caught bus B?

ii)What is the probability that she reaches college by bus 2?

120
Rubiya, Thaksh, Shanteri, and Lilly entered a spinning zone for a fun game, but there is a twist:
they don't know which spinner will appear on their screens until it is their turn to play. They
may encounter one of the following spinners, or perhaps even both. Spinners have numbers
1 to 9 on those: Different combinations of numbers will lead to exciting prizes. Below are
some of the rewards they can win:

Get the number '5', from Spinner A and '8' from Spinner B, and you'll win a music
player!

You win a photo frame if Spinner A lands on a value greater than 4.

You win an earplug if you get even in spinner A or odd in spinner B.

i)Thaksh spun both the spinners, A and B in one of his turns. What is the probability that
Thaksh wins a music player in that turn?

Lilly spun spinner A in one of her turns. What is the probability that the number she got is
even given that it is a multiple of 3?

Rubiya spun both the spinners. What is the probability that she wins a photo frame only?

Or

As Shanteri steps up to the screen, the game administrator reveals that she would see
either Spinner A or Spinner B for her turn, the probability of seeing Spinner A on the screen
is 65%, while that of Spinner B is 35%. What is the probability that Shanteri wins an earplug?

121
 A doctor is to visit a patient. From past experience, it is known that the probabilities that he will come by cab,
metro, bike or by other means of transport are respectively 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4. The probabilities that he will
be late are 0.25, 0.3, 0.35 and 0.1 if he comes by cab, metro, bike and other means of transport respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by metro?

When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by cab?

When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by bike?

(iv)When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by other means of
transport?
SOLUTIONS OF 1 MARK QUESTIONS
1)(d) 2)(b) 3) (c) 4)(d) 5)(c) 6)(c) 7)( d) 8)(d) 9)(c) 10)(d) 11)(c) 12)( c)

13)(c) 14)( d) 15)(a) 16)( d) 17)(b) 18)(c) 19)(c) 20)(c)

SOLUTIONS 2 MARKS QUESTIONS

7
( ∩ ) 35 7
1 ( )= =
10

4
= =

( )
40 8

3!
3 1
2 2 2!1!

( ℎ ℎ )=
9
= 9!
=
12

( ∩ ) ≠ ( ) . ( ) Hence, A and B are not independent events.

2
2!7!

( / ) = ( ∩ )/ ( ) = 0/0.4 = 0
2
()= =
( ∩ ) 1

3
36
=
( ) 18 9

5
Required probability = ( ∪ ) = 1 − ( ∪ ) = 1 − ( ∩ )

1 − ( ). ( ) = 1 − 200
195
× 194
199 = 3980
197

122
 ( ∩ 1 1 ( ∩ 1 1
) )

7 ( )= =
6

= & ( )= =
6

=
1 1

( ) 2 ( ) 3

3 2

8 Independent 1
The required probability = 5

9 17/105

10 SOLUTION OF 3 MARKS QUESTIONS

Let X denote the number of milk chocolate drawn.

1 X P(X)

0 4

×
3

=
12

6 5 30

1 2

(
6
4 16

×5)×2= 30

2 2

×
1

=
2

6 5 30

Most likely outcome is getting one chocolate of each type.

1 5
( 2) ( ) ×
2 11

2 2
35

using Bayes’ theorem, we have ( 1 3 1 5 =

)= ( 1) ( )+ ( 2) ( ) = × + × 68

2 1
2 7 2 11

5 5

( )∑ ( ) = 1 ⇒ = 1 ( )P(1≤ < 3) = ( ) ( )=∑ . =

6 3

3 1 5
( 1) (
) ×
2 100

1 20
1

Taking events as usual ( 1 5 1 1

4
)= ( 1) ( )+ ( 2) ( ) = × + × = 21

1
2 100 2 400

(i) ∑ =1⇒ =
1

( ) P( < 3) =
3

(iii) P( > 6) =
17

10 10 100

5
Let 1 = Selecting bag I, 2 =Selecting bag II, = Drawing a red ball

6 Required probability= P(A)= ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( )=

1
×
4
+
1
×
2
=
19

1 2 2 7 2 6 42

1 2

Let 1 = A person with blood group O is selected, 2 = A person with other blood

7 groups is selected, = A left handed person is selected

3 6
( 1) (
) ×
9
10 100

1 1

Hence, required probability is ( 3 6 7 10 =

)= ( 1) ( )+ ( 2) ( ) = × + × 44

1
10 100 10 100

Let E= A fails, F=B fails, then P(A fails/B has failed)= ( )=

( ∩ )

=
0.15

=
1
and
P(A fails alone)= ( ∩ ) = ( ) − ( ∩ ) = 0.2 − 0.15 = 0.05
( ) 0.30 2

8 Required probability= ( ∪ ∪ ) = 1 − ( ∪ ∪ )
1 − ( ∩ B ∩ ) = 1 − ( ). (B). ( ) = 1 − (0.86)(0.90)(0.95) = 0.2647

123
9
1=A boy is chosen from the class, 2=A girl is chosen from the class A=the students get first class marks

2 1
P(A)= ( ) ( )+ ( ) ( )= × 0.28 + × 0.25 = 0.27

1 2 3 3

1 2

SOLUTIONS OF 5 MARKS QUESTIONS

1 be the event of selecting box 1, 2 be the event of selecting box 2
7 1 3 2 13
Let A be the event of drawing a cinnamon candy, .
P(A) = P(A ∩ 1) + P(A ∩ 2)= P(A| 1) P( 1) + P(A| 2) P( 2)= (11 ) ( 3) + (11 ) ( 3)= 33.

Let A, B and C be the events that notebooks are provided by A, B and C respectively.

Let D be the event that notebooks are defective

P(A│D) = ( | ) ( )
= 0.05∗0.25
= 125
= 25 .
( | ) ( )+ ( | ) ( )+ ( | ) ( ) 0.05∗0.25 + 0.04∗0.35 + 0.02∗0.4 345 69

Let A be the event that the machine produces 2 acceptable items.

Also let 1 represent the event of correct set up and 2 represent the event of incorrect setup.
= 0.8× 0.9
= 72
= 9.
( 1) ( | 1)
Therefore P( 1|A) =

( 1) ( | )+ ( ) ( | )
0.8× 0.9 + 0.2 × 0.4 80 10
1 2 2

1: 2:
1) ( 1 ) ( / 1) ( 1)+ ( / 2) ( 2) 0.6 0.3 +0.4 0.2 26 13
4 Let a student is residing in hostel a student is a day scholar & E: a student
( / 0.6 0.3 18 9
attains A grade Then P( 1/ E) = = = =
Let 1: first draw gives a red ball, 2: first draw gives a black ball

Let A: The second draw gives a red ball. 7 1 5 1 1

Required probability = P(A) = P(A/ 1)P( 1)+P(A/ 2)P( 2) = 12 2 12 2 2
If X is the number of aces drawn ∴ The Probability Distribution of X is given by
x + x =

X 0 1 2

P(X) 188/221 32/221 1/221

Mean = 34/221

7 Let E1 , E2 & E3 Bag I,II &III is selected respectively and A = A black ball and a red ball is
1 1 1

3 5 5

1
× 231

( 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 =

drawn, Then Using Baye’s Theorem )= × + × + × = + + 551

3 5 3 21 3 11 5 21 11

124
Let E1: Bolt is manufactured by machine ‘X’, E2: Bolt is manufactured by machine Y and E3:
Bolt is manufactured by machine Z,
Required probability = P (E3/E) = = = 1/10 1/6× 1/100 1/6

1/6× 1/100+ 1/3× 3/200+ ½ × 2/100 1/6+½+1

9 Hence, the probability distribution of x is

X 0 1 2

P(X) 9/16 3/8 1/16

10 Let E = the event that the man reports that six occurs in the throwing of a dice.

1= event of getting six, 2 = event of getting no six

Req. Prob. = P(S1/E)=P(S1 )P(E/S1 )/(P(S1 )P(E/S1 )+ ( 2) P(E/S2) = 3/8

SOLUTION OF CASE BASED QUESTIONS

i) The probability that the shot is hit by B only=(1-45) 3
4 (1-23)=603=201
ii)If A,B,C all try , the probability that it was hit by none is (1- 45)(1- 4)
3
(1-23)=601

4 3 2 4 3 2 4 3 2 26 13
iii) The req probability= ( )( )(1− ) +(1− )( )( ) + ( )(1 − )( )= =

5 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 60 30

2 0.04
20
8

(i)The probability = 0.06

50

+0.04
100

20

+0.03
30
= 47

Required Probability= ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( ) ( )= .047

100 100 100

the probability = 1-probability that the form has a mistake and is processed by

Jayant = 1-

3 i)If Tiki reaches college by bus 1 , the probability that she caught bus B is
0.06 50
= 17 0.06 50
+0.04 20
+0.03 30

4 1
100 100 100 100

47
20 10
= 3
7

+
3

4 1

= 38
= 19

5 7 3
7

ii)The probability that she reaches college by bus 2

=4 x 3= 12

7 5 35

4 1 1 5 107

81 9 9
180
(i) ii) iii) Or

5 2 5 1 4

(i) 7 (ii) 14 (iii) 6 (iv) 21

125
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPERS WITH BLUE PRINTS AND MARKING SCHEME

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

Blue-Print
Sample Paper 1
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)

Units and MCQ Assertion/Reasoning 2 3 5 4 Total

Chapters Marks Marks Marks marks
Case
Based
1. Relation & 1 - 1 - 1 - 8(3)
Function &
I.T. Functions

2. Matrices and 5 1 - - - 1 10(6)

Determinants

3. Calculus 5 - 2 4 2 1 35(14)

4. Vector 4 1 2 - 1 - 14(8)
Algebra & 3-D
Geometry

5. Linear 2 - - 1 - - 5(4)
programming
Problem

6. Probability 1 - - 1 - 1 8(3)

Total 18 2 5 6 4 3 80(38)

126
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 1
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions:
This question paper contains 38 questions. All questions are compulsory.
This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory. However,
there are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4 marks
each) with sub parts

There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in 2 questions in Section B,
3 questions in Section C, 2 questions in Section D and 2 questions in Section E.
Use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION A
This section comprises multiple choice questions (MCQs) of 1 mark each.
( )=
3
1. let Z denote the set of integers , then the function f: Z→ -1 is

(A) both on-one and onto (B) one-one but not onto
(C) onto but not one-one (D) neither one-one nor onto
if A = [ ] , ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ ?

= (B) =1
0 = ,∀ ,
(A)
{

1≠

(C) =0≠& ≠0 = (D) =1

,∀ ,

3. Let = [ ] be a square matrix such that= . Then ( + + + )

(A) 2p (B) 2q (C) 2r (D)0

4.
If A and B are symmetric matrix of the same order , then (AB′ − BA′) is a

(A) Skew Symmetric matrix (B)Null matrix (C) Symmetric matrix (D) None of these

127
 − 1

5. If , ∈ , ℎ ℎ ∆=| 1| lies in the interval

cos( + ) −sin( + ) 0

(A)[−√2, √2] (B)[−1,1] (C)[−√2, 1] (D)[−1, √2]

6. The area of the triangle with vertices (-3,0), (3,0) and (0,k) is 9 square units. The value of k will be

(A) 9 (B)3 (C) -9 (D) 6

7. The number of points at which the function ( ) =

1
−[ ] is not continuous is

(A) 1 (B)2 (C) 3 (D) None of these 8. Differential coefficient of sec( −1

) with respect to is

1
( ) (B) (C) √1 +
2
(D)
2 1+ 2 2

The function ( ) =−
√1+ √1+

(A) Always increases (B)Always decreases

(C)Never increases (D)Sometimes increases and sometime decreases

10.
∫ ( )
+

(A) ∫ ( − ) (B) ∫
( + ) ( ) (D)∫ − ( )
(C)∫

11.
The solution of the differential equation 2 − = 3 represents a family of

(A) Straight lines (B)Circles (C)Parabolas (D)Ellipses

12. is
̂
The angle between the vectors ̂− ̂
̂ −

(A) (B) 2
(C) −
(D) 5

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
If | | = 8, | | = 3 and | × | = 12 then . is
3 3 3 6

(A) 6√3 (B)8√3 (C)12√3 (D)None of these

14.The equation of x-axis in space are

(A) = 0, =0 (B) =0, =0 (C) =0 (D) =0, =0

15.If a line makes equal acute angles with coordinate axes , then direction cosines of the line is

128
 (A)1,1,1 (B) 1 , 1 , 1 (C) 1 , 1 , 1 (D) 1 ,−1 ,−1

√3 √3 √3 3 3 3 √3 √3 √3

The corner point of the feasible region determined by the system of linear constraints are (0,10),
(5,5), (15,15) and (0,20) . let Z = px+ qy , where p,q >0.
Condition on p and q so that the maximum of z occurs at both the points (15,15) and (0,20) is

(A)p = q (B)p = 2q (C)q = 2p (D)q = 3p

17. the linear function which is to be optimized in the Linear Programming Problem is known as

(A)constraints (B)optimal solution (C)objective function (D)decision variables

′

18. Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 0.6 , P(B) = 0.2 and ( ) = 0.5 then ( ) equals
′

(A)1/10 (B)3/10 (C)3/8 (D)6/7

In Questions number 19 and 20, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true
Assertion (A) : Every scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix
Reason( R ) : In a diagonal matrix , all the diagonal elements are zero.
⃗ ⃗
Assertion (A) : Projection of on is same as projection of on .
⃗ ⃗
Reason( R ) : Angle between and is same as angle between and

SECTION B
This section comprises very short answer(VSA) type questions of 2 marks each.
−1 −1 1 −1 − 1
Find the value of ( -1) + (− 2) + ( √2 ).
(a) for what value of µ is the function defined by
µ(
( )={
2
−2 ) <0
+1 ≥0

Continuous at x= 0 ?
OR (b) Find = ( − ) = (1 + )

129
 23.

⁄2
(a) Evaluate: ∫

1+
0
2

4
OR (b) Evaluate: ∫ | − 1|

24. ̂
and −2 ̂
̂

Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals are 4 ̂ - ̂ - 3 + ̂-2 .

25. ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗

If , , are unit vectors such that + + = 0 , find the value of .+.+.

SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.

3 + <1

26. (a) If ( ) = { 11 =1 is continuous at x = 1, find a and b

5 −2 , >1

OR (b) If = +( ) ℎ

(a) It is given that f(x) = x − 62x + ax + 9 attains local maximum value at = 1. Find the value of ‘a ‘, hence obtain all other points where the given function ( ) attains local maximum values.
4 2

OR (b) A ladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground, away
from the wall, at the rate of 2cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot of the ladder is
4 m away from the wall ?
3

28. Find : ∫
4+3 2+2
(1+ +
1+ 2
2
)
OR (b) Evaluate : ∫0 log(1 + )
−1
29. (a) Find: ∫
/4

Solve the linear programming problem graphically Maximize = 510 + 675

subject to the constraints:

+ ≤300; 2 +3 ≤720; ≥0, ≥0

A laboratory blood test is 99% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact, present.
However, the test also yields a false positive result for 0.5% of the healthy person tested (i.e. if a
healthy person is tested, then, with probability 0.005, the test will imply he has the disease). If 0.1
percent of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has the
disease given that his test result is positive.

130
 SECTION D
This section comprises long answer(LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
Show that the relation R in the set A = {x ∈ Z : 0 ≤ x ≤ 12}, given by R = {(a, b) : |a – b| is a multiple of 4} is an
equivalence relation. Find the set of all elements related to 1. Also find the equivalence class [3]
(a) Find the critical points and hence find absolute maximum and minimum values of a function f
1
4/3
given by ( ) = 12 − 6 3, [−1,1].

OR (b) A rectangular sheet of tin 45 cm by 24 cm is to be made into a box without top, by cutting off
square from each corner and folding up the flaps. What should be the side of the square to be cut
off so that the volume of the box is maximum ?
Using integration Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by x-axis, line = √3 and the circle + = 4.
2 2
(a) Find the distance of a point (2,4, –1) from the line +5
1 = +3
4 = −6
−9

OR (b) Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, – 4) and perpendicular to the
= = = =
− 8 +19 − 10 − 15 − 29 − 5
two lines: 3 −16 7 3 8 − 5

SECTION E
This section comprises 3 case study based questions of 4 marks each.
Case Study -1
Self-study helps students to build confidence in learning. It boosts the self-esteem of the
learners. Recent surveys suggested that close to 50% learners were self-taught using internet resources
and unskilled themselves.

A student may spend 1 hour to 6 hours in a day in upskilling self. The probability distribution of
the number of hours spent by a student is given below:
,
2
= 1,2,3
( = ) = {2 , = 4, 5,6
0, ℎ

Where denotes the number of hours.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

131
 Express the probability distribution given above in the form of a probability distribution
table. 1
(ii) Find the value of . 1
(iii) (a) Find the mean number of hours spent by the student. 2
OR (b) Find P(1<X<6).

Case Study - 2

bank interest per annum and the principal. Let P denotes the principal at any time t and rate of interest be % per annum.
It is known that, if the interest is compounded continuously, the principal changes at the rate equal to the product of the rate of

Based on the above information answer the following questions.

iii) At what interest rate will Rs. 100 double itself in 10 years.
2
iv) (a) How much will Rs. 1000 be worth at 5% interest after 10 years? 2
OR (b) If the interest is compounded continuously at 5% per annum, in how many years will Rs.
100 double itself? 2

[Use ln2 = 0.6931;e0.5 = 1.648]

Case Study -3
The monthly income of two sisters Ojaswini and Tejaswini are in the ratio 3:4 and their monthly
expenditures are in the ratio 5:7. Each sister saves ₹ 15,000 per month.

a) Write the information in the matrix equation. 1

b) Is the system of equation consistent? 1
c) Find the monthly income of both sisters by matrix method. 2
OR Find the monthly expenditure of both sisters by matrix method.
132
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE PAPER 1
MARKING SCHEME
CLASS – XII SUB : MATHEMATICS (041)
MCQ ANSWERS
1.(A) 2.(C) 3.(A) 4.(A) 5.(A) 6.(B) 7.(D) 8.(A) 9.(B) 10.(C)

11.(C) 12.(B) 13.(C) 14.(D) 15.(B) 16.(D) 17.(C) 18.(C) 19.(C) 20.(A)

Q.NO ANSWER VALUE

POINTS

21) For each value of

−1
( -1),
−1
(−
1
) −1
−
(
1
) 3x 1

2 √2 2

For final correct answer 1

22) (a) LHL = 0, RHL =1 = f(0) 1

Equating and finding the value of µ as no such value of µ exists
1
OR(b) Finding the values of 1.5

0.5
Finding

23) (a) Putting cosx = t so that -sinxdx = dt and limits of t will be 1 to 0 1

0− 1
∴ = ∫1 1+ 2 = 4 after simplification

OR Writing I = ∫4| − 1| = ∫1| −1| +∫4| −1|

1
0 0 1

1
= ∫01 −( − 1) + ∫14( − 1)

For correct answer

24) Finding adjacent sides of the parallelogram as vectors a ⃗and b ⃗ 1
⃗
1
Finding area of the parallelogram using |
× |

25) ⃗
2
⃗ 1
=
| + +| ( + + ) . ( + + ) and using , , ⃗⃗ as a unit vector

For correct answer -3/2 1

26) LHL = 3a + b, RHL = 5a – 2b and f(1) = 11 1.5

Equating all and getting the values of a and b as 3 and 2 respectively 1.5

27) (a) Finding ′( )′( ) 0 ℎ = 120

1.5

Then f(x) = x4 − 62x2 + 120x + 9 and finding other points where the given

function ( ) attains local maximum values.

1.5

133
 OR
(b) Let PQ be the wall.
At certain time t, let AB be the position of the ladder such that
QB = and AQ =

2 2 2
Then + =5 … … . . (1)

Diff. both sides with respect to t, we get

⇒2 +2 =0

⇒ =−
2

× ⇒ =− × 2 cm/s ⇒ =−
2

cm/s … … . . (2) 1.5

2

When = 4 , then from (1), = √5 − 4

2 2
=3m

Putting these values of x and y in equation (2), we find

2×4 8

=− cm/s = − cm/s
3 3 1.5
Thus, the rate of decrease of height on the wall is 8

cm/s
3

=∫
28)
Let 3

4 2
+3 +2

. /2
1.5
Putting 2 = ℎ 2 = ∴ =∫
+3 +2
2

Finding correct integral by partial fraction or any other method 1.5

(a)= ∫ −1
(
1+ +
1+ 2
2
)

∫ ( 1+ +
Putting = tan ℎ =
2
2
and ∴ = ) 2

1+ 2

1.5
=∫ ( + 2
) = ( )+C
1.5

OR (b) ∫
4
log(1 + ) as Integral I and applying the property
0

1.5
∫ ( ) =∫ ( − )

0 0

Adding both integral and finding the value of I as log 2

1.5
8

30) For correct feasible region 1.5

For corner point, corresponding value of Z and finding solution 1.5

31) Let E1 = Event that the person has a disease. E2 = Event that the person is healthy.
0.1 1 1 999
∴ ( ) = 0.1% = = ( )=1− =
1 2

100 1000 1000 1000

A = Event that the test result is positive. 1

99 0.5 5
∴ ( | ) = 99 % = ( | ) = 0.5% = =
1 2

100 100 1000

×
1 99
( 1) . ( | 1) 22
1000 100

∴ By Bayes’ Theorem, ( 1| ) = = =
( 1). ( 1)+ ( 2). ( 2)
1 × 99 + 999 × 5 133

1000 100 1000 1000

134
32) For showing relation reflexive 1
For showing relation symmetric 1
For showing relation transitive 1.5
Finding the set of all elements related to 1 and [3] 1.5

33) (a) Critical points are the points where ′( ) = 0′( ) .

1
1 1
= 0=

ℎ ( ) at critical and boundary points and deciding

absolute maximum is 18 which occurs at x = -1 and absolute minimum is -9/4 3

which occurs at x = 1/8

OR (b) Let x = side of the square to be cut-off
So that Volume of the box , V= (45-2x)(24-2x)x
Taking first derivative of Volume to zero and finding the value of critical point 1.5

x = 5cm, 18cm and rejecting 18 cm , 2

nd
2 derivative of V = (-)ve so Volume is maximum at x = 5 cm 1.5
3
Thus Side of the square to be cut-off and Maximum volume = 2450 cm .
For the points of intersection, we solve equations of given circles

The point of intersection are (√3, 1) and (− √3, −1)

1
The rough sketch of the given curve is as follows:

1.5

The required area

Area of the shaded region OBALO
Area of OBLO + Area of BLAB
√3 2

=∫ ( of line) + ∫ ( of circle)

0 √3

√3 2
1.5
=∫ +∫ √4− 2

0
√3 √3

135
 1
For integrating and finding the area 3 sq. units

35) (a) P(2,4, –1)

+ = + = −6
5 3
A M B

1 4 −9

Let M be the foot of the perpendicular from given point to given line

Taking the general point ( − 5, 4 − 3, −9 + 6) on the line AB and taking this is the 1.5

coordinate of M.
1.5
The d. r. of PM = − 7, 4 − 7, −9 + 7

d.r. of AB = 1,4,-9

since AB⊥PM

∴1( −7)+4(4 −7)−9(−9 +7)=0

1

=1
1
Coordinate of M = (-4,1,-2) and so PM = √46 units

OR

(b) Let the d.r. of the required line is , ,

Since required line is perpendicular to given two line so 2

3 −16 +7 = 03 +8 −5 =0
1.5
Solving and getting the direction ratio 1.5
Getting the equation of the required line

36) (i)
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
1
P(X) k 4k 9k 8k 10k 12k
∑ ( )=1

1
1
⟹ =
44

190

(iii) (a) Mean = ∑ ( )=

44
2
OR (b) P(1<X<6) =P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5) = 31/144
2

37) Now, as per question

dP 1
= % of P OR ∫ dP = ∫ ⇒ log P = +C………….(1)

dt
P 100 100

P
1
Given that when = 0 then log = C After solving log =

0 100

136
 (i) when = 10 then P = 2 so log = × 10 ∴ = 6.931
2 0

0 100
0

P P 5 P
1
(ii) (a)log = ⇒ log = ×10⇒ =
1/2
⇒ = . 1648

0
100 1000 100 1000 2
P 200 5

( ) log = ⇒ log = ⇒ log 2 = = 20 2 = 13.86

100 100 100 20

38) (i) Let the monthly income of Ojaswini and Tejaswini are 3x and 4x and their
expenditures are 5y and 7y.

So the equations are 3 − 5 = 150004 − 7 = 15000

3 −5 15000
1
][]=[ ] or =
1
In matrix form [4 −7 15000

(ii) | | = −1 ≠ 0 so the system is consistent

(iii) Solving by matrix method and getting x = 30000 and y = 15000 2

( )∴ ℎ Ojaswini and Tejaswini are ₹90,000 and ₹ 1,20,000 2
OR (b) Monthly expenditure of Ojaswini and Tejaswini are ₹75,000 and ₹ 1,05,000 2

137
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

Blue-Print
Sample Paper 2
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics
S.No./ Topics MCQ ARQ VSA SA LA CASE TOTA
Unit (1M) (1M) (2M) (3M) (5M) BASED L
(4M)
1 RELATIONS AND - - - 1 8(3)
FUNCTIONS

INVERSE 1 1 -
TRIGONOMETRIC -
FUNCTIONS

2 MATRICES 2 - - 1 10(6)
DETERMINANTS - 1 - -

3 CONTINUITY & 3 2(1) - - 35(15)

DIFFERENTIABIL
ITY

APPLICATION - 1 - 2
OF
DERIVATIVES

INTEGRALS 2 - - -
APPLICATION - - 1 1
OF INTEGRALS

DIFFERENTIAL 2 - 1 -
EQUATIONS

4 VECTORS 2 1 2 - - 14(8)
3-DIMENTIONAL 2 - - 1
GEOMETRY

5 LINEAR 2 - 1 - 5(3)
PROGRMMING

6 PROBABILITY 1 - 1 - 1 8(3)
TOTAL 18 2 5 6 4 3 80(38)

**Number written in the bracket is the number of questions.

138
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

GENERAL INSTRUCTION:

This question paper contains five sections A,B,C,D and E . Each section is compulsory. However , there
are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQS and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 5 very short answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 short answer (SA) questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.

Section E has 3 source based /case based/integrated units of assessment (4 marks each) with sub
parts.

Section – A

Q.1) If |2 |=|6
5 −2
|, the value of x is

8 7 3

a)3 c)6
b) ±3 c) ±6

Q.2) The domain of cos-1(3x-2)is

(a) ( ,2)
1
b)[ 1
,1] c)[-1,1] d)[ −1 1
]
,
3 3 3 3

Q.3) If ax＋ ≥ c for all positive x where a,b >0

c)ab ≥ c/4 d)none of these

2 2
a)ab < /4 b)ab ≥ /4

Q.4) Let A be a square matrix of order 3 such that adj(4A)=λ(adj A);Then the value of λ is

a) 4 b)8 c)12 d) 16

Q.5) The area of a triangle with vertices (-3,0),(3,0) and (0,k) is 9 sq unit .The value of k is

a) 9 b) 3 c) -3 d) 6

Q.6) The set of points of discontinuity of the function f(x)=2x-[x] is

139
 a)Q b)R c)Z d)W

,x≠a
3 3
−

Q.7)If the function is f(x)= { − is continuous at x=a then b is equal to

b, x=a

2 2 2 2
a) a b)2a c)3a d)4a

-1
+

Q.8)If y=tan (
−
) , then is equal to
a) b)0 c)1 d)None of these
1

2 =
Q.9) If x=at ; y=2at,then 2

a) −1
b) 1
c) −1
d) −1

2
2 3 3
2 3

Q.10)Degree of the differential equation 2

2 +√ =0 is

a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4

Q.11)The Integrating factor of the differential equation (x log x) +y=2 log x ,is given by

Q.12)∫ 2
a)log(log x ) b)e c) log x d)x
+2
is equal to
x+2 x+2 c) ( )+c d) +c
a)2 +c b) 2 log2 +c 2 +2
2.2

( )
/2 4+3
2 2

Q.13)∫0 4+3

a)2 b) c)0 d)-2

3

Q.14) If the diagonals of a parallelogram are represented by the vectors 3î+ĵ-2k ̂and î+3ĵ-4k ,̂then its area

in square unit is:

1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2

a)5(3) b)6(3) c) (42) d) (28)
Q.15) Objective function of a L.P.P is

a) a constraint b) a function to be optimize c)a relation between the variable d) none of these

140
Q.16)if the constraint in a LPP are changed

a)the problem is to be re-evaluated b)solution is not defined

⃗
c) the objective function has to be modified the change in constraint is ignored. then . ≥ 0 only when
Q17) If α is the angle between two vectors and ⃗
(a) 0 < α < π/2 (b) 0 ≤ α ≤ π/2 (c) 0 < α < π (d) 0 ≤ α ≤ π

Q 18)If a line make angles a, b, c with the co-ordinate axes respectively, then, cos(2a)+cos(2b)+cos(2c) = ?

(a) 2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d)- 2

Q.19) Assertion(A): 20 persons are sitting in a row.Two of these person are not at random. The probability
that the two selected person are not together is 0.9.

Reason(R): If denotes the negation of an event A, then P( )=1-P(A)

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂

Q.20) Assertion(A): if the vectors =3 ̂+ 4 ̂and = 5 ̂- 2 ̂+ 4 are sides of a triangle ABC then the
length of the median AD through A is √33.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃑

Reason(R): if AD is the median of triangle ABC then + =2

Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
A is true but R is false
A is false but R is true

5 5
Section -B
Q.21)Find the value of cos-1(cos 3)+sin 3)
-1
(sin
43
Or Find the value of sin-1(cos 5)

Q.22) Find the dimensions of the rectangle with perimeter 36 cm. which will generate maximum volume
when resolved about one of its sides
Or If f(x)=2x+cos x + b; b∈R, find the interval for which f(x) is strictly increasing.

141
 2
2
y 2
Q.23) If e (x+y)=1 then show that =( )
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
.+ .+.
Or If the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ABC are (1,2,3), (-1,0,0), (0,1,2) respectively, find ∠ABC
Q.24) If + + =0 and | |=3, | |=5 and | |= 7, then find the value of

Q.25) Find the vector and Cartesian equation of the line through the point (1,2, -4) and perpendicular to
the lines =(3î-19ĵ+10k)̂+λ(3î -10ĵ +7k)̂and = (15î+29ĵ+5k)̂+μ (3î +8ĵ -5k)̂

Section-C

Q.26) Find a matrix A such that 2A-3B+5C=0

Where B=[−2 2 0
] and C =[2 0 −2]

3 1 4 7 1 0

2 0 1

Or If A = [2 1
3]; then find the value of A2-5A

1 −1 0

Q.27) The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centimetre per second. How fast is the surface area increasing
when the length of an edge is 10 centimetres?
Q.28) 1
dx
∫

√ 3
( + )

Q.29) =1 , (x≠0)
−2√

Solve the differential equation [ − ]

√ √

Q.30) Solve the following linear programming problem graphically

Minimizing z=200x + 500y

Subject to the constrains X+2y≥10; x≥0, y≥0

Q.31) A fair die is rolled . Consider the events E={1,3,5},F={2,3} and G={2,3,4,5}

Find:

P(E/F) and P(F/E)

P(E/G) and P(G/E)
P[(E U F)/G] and P[(E ∩F)/G]

142
 Section-D

Q.32) Let N denotes the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on NxN Defined by (a,b) R (c,d) ⇔ad(b+c) =bc(a+d).Prove that R is an
equivalence relation
, x+R is both one-one and onto
Or Show that the function: f:R→{ x∈R :-1≤ x ≤ 1}defined by f(x)=
1+| |

function.

1 −1 2 −2 0 1

Q.33) use the product [0 2 −3][ 9 2 −3] to solve a system of equations

3 −2 4 6 1 −2

x-y+2z=1, 2y-3z=1, 3x-2y+4z=2

Q.34) Using method of integration find the area of the region in the quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the
line y= √3x and x +y =9
2 2

Q.35)Find
− 2
the
− 2
equation
− 4
of the
− 4 − 2
line
+3
through A(5, -3, -2) And through the intersection point of the lines:
1 = 3 = 4 and 3 = 4 = −3

Or Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from point A(5,4,2) to the line =(î+3ĵ+k)̂ +λ(2î+3ĵ-k)̂also find the image of A in this line.

SECTION-E

Q.36) In the survey of a town it was found that 6% of people with blood group O are left handed and 10%
of those with other blood group are left handed. 30% of the people have blood group O. Based o the above
information answer the following questions :

A) Probability of selecting a left handed person given that he/she has blood group O

(i) 0.3 (ii) 0.6 III)0.1 (iv)0.06

Probability of selecting a left handed person given that he/she dosn’t have blood group O

I) (i) 0.06 (ii)0.01 III)0.6 (iv) 0.1

C) Probability of selecting a left handed person is

(i) 0.088 (ii) 0.08 III)0.88 (iv) 0.80

The probability that a randomly selected person is right handed

I)0.88II)104/125III)114/125IV)114/250
143
Q.37) the use of electric vehicles will curb air pollution in the long run . The electric vehicles is
increasing every year and estimated electric vehicles in use at any time tis given by the function :

1 5 2
V( ) = 5t － 2 ＋25t－2

Where t represents the time t=1,2,3,…. correspond to year 2001,2002,2003,….respectively.

Answer the following

Can the above function be used to estimate number of vehiclesin the year 2000?justify

Prove that the function V(t) is an increasing function .

1 3 2
Q.38) A company x units of output at a total cost of C= 3 －18 ＋160x.the average cost(AC) is the cost per unit and marginal cost is

the rate of change of C with respect to x. Based on the above information answer the following questions

A)The average cost(AC) is given by:

I) －18x＋160 (iii) －18x＋160 (iv) none of the above
2 3
2
II) －36x＋160

3 3

B)The output at which average cost is equal to marginal cost , is

I)27 units II)18 units III)9units IV) 36units

C) The output at which marginal cost is minimum

I)27units II)18units III)16units IV) 12units

D)The output at which AC is minimum

I)27units II)18units III)9units IV)12units

144
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME
CLASS – XII SUB :MATHEMATICS (041)
MARKING SCHEME
Q.NO ANSWER VALUE
POINTS

MCQ 1)(C) 2)(B) 3)(B) 4)(D) 5)(B) 6)(C) 7)(C) 8)(C) 9)(D) 10)(B)
11)(C) 12)(C) 13)(C) 14)(A) 15)(B) 16)(A) 17)(B) 18)(B) 19)(A) 20)(A)
21 6 − 6 − 1
)+ (
−1 −1
( )

3 3

Result= 0
OR 1
40 +3 3 3 3
−1
( )=
−1
(8 + )=
−1
( )=
−1
( − )

5
5 5 2 5

Result= −
1
10

22. Development of proper Function V=π 2b

1
L=12, b=6 1

23 ½
To find correct
To find correct 2
½
2

To show the result correctly after 1

Simplification
24 ⃗ ⃗⃗⃗ 2 1
To get correct expression for ( + + )

⃗ ⃗

To get correct value of⃗⃗⃗ . + . + .

1

25 To get correct perpendicular vector from 1

the cross product of (3î -10ĵ +7k)̂and
(3î +8ĵ -5k)̂ (1/2+1/2)
To get correct vector and Cartesian
Equation
26 To assume A with proper order 1
To get correct value of A=[
−8 3
5 ]
2
Or −13 −1 −9

2
To get correct value of

To get correct value of 5A 1

To get correct value of
2
-5A
1
1
27 To assume correct function 1
To find out correct value of the differentiation 1
2
To get the correct result =3.6 /s

145
 1
28 To convert the expression in the form 1

1
=∫
sin( + )

√
2

To assume z= sin( + )
1

To get correct integration

29 1
To convert the equation in the form +Py=Q 1
To get correct integrating factor 1
To get the correct result

30 To draw the lines correctly 1

To get correct feasible region and the vertices 1
To get correct value of z 1

31 P(E/F)=1/2, P(F/E)=1/3 ½+1/2

P(E/G)=1/2,P(G/E)=2/3 ½+1/2
P(E∪ / ) = 3/4,P(E∩ / )=1/4
½+1/2

32 To show reflexivity correctly 1

To show symmetricity correctly 1
To show transitivity correctly 2
To conclude properly 1
OR 3
To show one one properly(considering three different cases)
2
To show onto properly(considering two cases)

33 To get proper multiplication as AB=I 2

To write X=
−1
B
1
To get proper values of x,y,z 2

34
To get diagram properly 1

2
To get correct area=4πsq.unit 2

146
35 st nd 1
To express the general point of the 1 line and 2 line correctly
To get correct point of intersection 3
To get correct equation of the line 1
36 I)d 1
II)b 1
III)a 1
IV)c 1
37 1 5
2 2
I)V(t)= t － 5 2 ＋25t－2 to estimate no of vehicles in the year 2000 we need to know
the value at t=0 which cannot be determined by V(t) as it is defined for t=1,2,3… .
II)V’(t)=
3

{( −
25

)2 + 875

}>0 for all t then V(t) is an increasing function

5 6 36

2
38 I)A 1
II)A 1
III)B 1
IV)A 1

147
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

Blue-Print
Sample Paper 3
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)

Units and MCQ Assertion/Reasoning 2 3 5 4 Total

Chapters Marks Marks Marks marks
Case
Based
1. Relation & 1 - 1 - 1 - 8(3)
Function &
I.T. Functions

2. Matrices and 6 - - - 1 10(6)

Determinants

3. Calculus 4 1 2 4 2 1 35(14)

4. Vector 4 1 2 - 1 - 14(8)
Algebra & 3-D
Geometry

5. Linear 2 - - 1 - - 5(4)
programming
Problem

6. Probability 1 - - 1 - 1 8(3)

Total 18 2 5 6 4 3 80(38)

148
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 3
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions:

1.This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section

is compulsory. However, there are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark
each.
Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.

Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of

assessment (4 marks each) with sub parts.

Section-A(20x1=20)

Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n divides

m. Then R is
(a) Reflexive and symmetric (b) Transitive and symmetric
(c) Equivalence (d) Reflexive, transitive but not symmetric

If AB = A and BA =B, where A and B are square matrices , then

(a) B ²= B and A ² = A (b)B ²≠ B and A ² = A (c) A ² ≠ A and B²

= B (d) A ² ≠ A and B ²≠ B

Given that A is a square matrix of order 3 and |A|= -2, then | adj(2A)| is equal to
(a) -26 (b) +4 (c) -28 (d)28
4 If the area of triangle is 40 sq units with vertices (1,-6), (5,4) and (k,4). then k

is
(a) 13 (b) -3 (c) -13,-2 (d) 13,-3

149
 5 If x=t², y=t³ then dy is

dx

(a) 3t (b) 3t²

. ( c) 3 (d) 2

2 2 2 3t

6 The anti-derivative of cosec² 2x is

(a ) sec 2x (b) tan x +cot x +C (c) (tan x -cot x+C) (d) tan x -cotx+C 1

7 The rate of change of area of a circle with respect to its radius r at r=6 is

(a)10π (b)12π ( c)11π (d)8π

Choose the correct option :

(a ) Every scalar matrix is an identity matrix
Every square matrix whose each element is 1 is an identity matrix
Every scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix
Every diagonal matrix is a scalar matrix

Corner points of the feasible region for an LPP are (0,2), (3,0), (6,0), (6,8) and (0,5). Let
F=4x+6y be the objective function. Maximum of F – Minimum of F =
(a )60 (b) 48 (c )42 (d)18
10
π

Which of the following function is decreasing in ( 0, 2 )

(a) sin 2x (b) tan x (c) cos x (d) cos 3x

11 The area of the quadrilateral ABCD where A (0,4,1 ), B (2,3,-1 ), C(4,5,0 ) and

D(2,6,2 ) is equal to
(a) 9 sq units (b) 18 sq units (c) 27 sq units (d) 81 sq units

The value(s) of p for which the vectors joining (3,p,2), (1,0,5) and (1,0, -2) , (0,-p,-4)
are orthogonal is (are)
(a) 1 (b) 1
(c) 2 or -2 (d)1 or -1
2

13 The reflection of the point ( 1,-2,3 ) in the XY- plane is

(a) (1,-2,-3 ) (b) ( -1,2,-3 ) (c) ( -1,-2,3 ) (d) (1,2,3)

Which among the following is an intersecting point of the two lines x-1=y=5-z and
x+2=y+3=z
(a)(1,2,3)(b)(2,1,4)(c)(3,0,-1)(d)(-1,2,1)

150
 15 The equation of the line joining the points (1, 2) and (3, 6) is
(a) y = 2x (b) x = 3y (c) y = x (d) 4x – y = 5

The corner points of the feasible region determined by the following system of linear
inequalities: 2x + y ≤ 10, x + 3y ≤ 15, x, y ≥ 0 are (0,0), (5,0), (3,4),
(0,5). Let Z= px + qy, where p,q > 0. Condition on p and q so that the
maximum of Z occurs at both (3,4) and (0,5) is
( a) p = q (b) p = 2q ( c) p = 3q ( d) q = 3p

A flashlight has 8 batteries of which 3 are dead. If two batteries are selected without
replacement and tested then probability that both are dead is
(a) 33
(b) 9
(c) 1
(d) 3

56 64 14 28

The minor Mij of an element aij of a determinant is defined as the value of the
determinant obtained after deleting the
th
j row of the determinant
th
i column and jth row of the determinant
th
i row and jth column of the determinant
th
i row of the determinant

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer out of the following
choices.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.

The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by R(x) =
3x² + 36x + 5 in rupees.
Assertion (A): The marginal revenue when x = 5 is 66.

Reason (R): Marginal revenue is the rate of change of total revenue with
respect to the number of items sold at an instance.

151
 ⃗
Assertion (A): The area of parallelogram with the diagonals a and b is I⃗axb I.
⃗
Reason (R): If a and represent the adjacent sides of a triangle, then the area of triangle can be obtained by evaluating 1
2 I⃗axb I.

Section B (5x2=10)
Express tan-1(1−sincosx x) in simplest form , −3π
2 < x <π2.

Whether the function f: R→ R defined by f(x)=x -x, has any critical point/s or not ?If yes, then find the point/s.
3

Or Prove that the function f given by f(x) = | x – 1|, x ∈R is not differentiable at x=1

2 -1
23(a) Find ∫x tan x dx
23(b) Or Integrate: ∫ sin3 x cos2x dx.

Find the direction ratio and direction cosines of a line parallel to the line whose
equations are 6x−2 = 3y+ 1 = 2z − 4.

Find the vector equation of the line joining (1, 2, 3) and (–3, 4, 3) and show that it is
perpendicular to the z-axis.

Section-C (6X3=18)
dy
If y = xsinx , find dx .

26(a ) Or Solve the differential equation xy logx dy –y³ dx=0.

26(b)
Find the intervals of increasing and decreasing nature of the function
f(x)=x³+6x²+9x-8.
27(a )
Or A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to
be constructed so that its depth is 2m and volume is 8m3.If building of tank costs Rs.70 per
27(b)
sq. metre for the base and Rs. 45 per sq. metre for sides, that is the cost of least expensive
tank?
28 x²

Evaluate : ∫ x⁴+x²−2 dx.

152
 sin²x d
x

Find
29(a )
29(b)

π/2
∫
0 sin x +cos x

Or Find the area of the region bounded by y2 = 9x, x = 2, x = 4 and the x-axis
in the first quadrant.

Find the maximum value of the objective function Z = 5x +

10 y
subject to the constraints
x + 2y ≤ 120, x + y ≥ 60, x – 2y ≥ 0, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

3 1
In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either knows the answer or guesses. Let 4 be the probability that he knows the answer and 4 be
1
the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 4 What is the probability
that the student knows the answer given that he answered it correctly?

Section-D (4X5=20)

32(a) Find the subsets of the set of real numbers in which the following function is
4 3 2
(a) increasing (b)decreasing , f ( ) = − 8 + 22 − 24 + 21.
32(b) Or Find the ratio of the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in
sphere of radius R and the volume of the sphere.

33 Find the area of the triangular region whose sides are y=2x+1 ,y =3x +1 , x=4 .
If +⃗ + =⃗0 and |
⃗
⃗
|=3 , | |=5 and | | = 7 , then find the angle between
and .

34(a ) Or Find the foot of perpendicular from the point (3, -1, -11) to line
−2 − 3
2= 3 = 4 .

34(b )

Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be a relation on NxN defined by
(a,b)R(c,d ) if and only if ad= bc for all (a,b), (c,d ) in NxN. Show that R is an
equivalence relation on NxN. Also, find a pair which is related to (2,6) .

153
 Section-E (3X4=12)

A helicopter moves on a path in such a way that at any point (x,y) of the path the
derivative of ordinate w. r.t. abscissa is twice the slope of the line – segment
joining the point of contact to the point (−4,−3) .

Write The differential equation according to the given condition.

Find the solution of the differential equation.

(iii) If the helicopter passes through the point (−2, 1) , then find the
equation of the path.

Three car dealers, say A, B and C, deals in three types of cars, namely Hatchback cars,
Sedan cars, and SUV cars. The sales figure for 2019 and 2020 showed that
dealer A sold 120 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, and 10 SUV cars in 2019 and 300
Hatchback, 150 Sedan, and 20 SUV cars in 2020; dealer B sold 100
Hatchback, 30 Sedan, and 5 SUV cars in 2019 and 200 Hatchback, 50 Sedan, 6
SUV cars in 2020; dealer C sold 90 Hatchback, 40 Sedan, 2 SUV cars in 2019
and 100 Hatchback, 60 Sedan,5 SUV cars in 2020.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) The matrix summarizing sales data for 2019 is
120 50 10 120 50 15

(a ) [100 30 5] (b) [100 30 5]

90 40 2 95 40 2

300 150 20 120 50 10

( c) [200 50 6] (d) ) [200 50 6]

100 60 5 90 40 2

Suppose dealer A sells two types of Hatchback cars Indica and Alto in
2019 and showroom price for Indica and Alto are Rs 600000 and 500000
respectively. If one-third of dealer A’s 2019 profit of Rs 60000000 is from
Hatchback, express this in matrix form.
(iii) Calculate the increase in sales of Hatchback cars by A from 2019 to 2020

154
 if it sells 100 Indica and 200 Alto in 2020.
Or Calculate the sales of Sedan and SUV cars by A in 2019 .

Rubiya, Thaksh, Shanteri, and Lilly entered a spinning zone for a fun game, but there
is a twist: they don't know which spinner will appear on their screens until it
is their turn to play. They may encounter one of the following spinners, or
perhaps even both. Spinners have numbers 1 to 9 on those: Different
combinations of numbers will lead to exciting prizes. Below are some of the
rewards they can win:

Get the number '5', from Spinner A and '8' from Spinner B, and you'll win
a music player!
You win a photo frame if Spinner A lands on a value greater than 4.

You win an earplug if you get even in spinner A or odd in spinner B.

i)Thaksh spun both the spinners, A and B in one of his turns. What is the
probability that Thaksh wins a music player in that turn?

Lilly spun spinner A in one of her turns. What is the probability that the
number she got is even given that it is a multiple of 3?

Rubiya spun both the spinners. What is the probability that she wins a
photo frame only?
Or

As Shanteri steps up to the screen, the game administrator reveals that she
would see either Spinner A or Spinner B for her turn, the probability of
seeing Spinner A on the screen is 65%, while that of Spinner B is 35%. What
is the probability that Shanteri wins an earplug?

155
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE PAPER 3
MARKING SCHEME
CLASS – XII SUB : MATHEMATICS (041)

Section-A(20x1=20)

MCQ ANSWERS
1) (d) 2)(a) 3) (d) 4) (b) 5) ( a) 6) (c )7)(b) 8) (c) 9) (a ) 10) (c )

11) (a ) 12) (c) 13) (a) 14)(b) 15)(a) 16) (d) 17) (d) 18)(c) 19(a) 20 (a)

21 cos x cos
x
2 +sin
x
2 1+tan
x
2 π x
-1 cos x π x

= x x
= x
=tan ( − ) Therefore tan ( )= −

1−sin x cos −sin 1−tan 4 2 1−sin x 4 2

1
-√31.
2 2 2

critical points are √3

Or At1 x =1 , LHD = -1, RHD =1 So not differentiable at x=1

( ) 3tan 6 6
³ -1 ²
x- + log(x2 +1)+C
Or ³
+ ⁵
+C
(b) 3 5

24) 1 2 3

the line has direction ratios 1,2,3 & d.c. of the line: √14 √14 √14
, , .

25) ̂

Equation of line is r= î+2ĵ+3k+λ (-4î+2ĵ)and of Z-axis is r =k

26 dy
sinx sin x 1 1

(a dx =x (cos x log x+ x ). Or (b) - y = 2x² +C

)
(a) f is increasing in (-∞ ,-3)∪ (-1,∞) & f is decreasing in (-3,-1).

Or (b) The cost of least expensive tank =Rs 70 x 4+45(8+8)=Rs 1000.

√2 1 x+1
3tan x+ 6 x−1+
-1
log C.
(a )√21 log (2+√2). Or (b) 4(4-√2) sq unit

156
30) Z has a maximum value 600 at x=60,y=30 and at x=0,y=60 [ at all points of
AB].

31) 12

13

32) (a) So is Increasing in the subset (1,2)U (3,∞) and is decreasing in the

1
subset (−∞,1)U(2,3). Or (b)
2√2

33) 4 4

Required area=∫0 (3 + 1) -∫0 (2 + 1) =8 sq unit

34 (a) the angle between and

=3

Or (b) foot of the perpendicular (−

118

,−
119

,−
149

)
29 29 29

35) A pair which is related to (2,6) is (3,9).

36)
(i) =2y+3x+4 (ii) y+3=C (x+4) (iii) y=2x+5.

37) (i) (a)

1 1 120

(ii) The matrix form of AX=B where A=[6 5], X=[ ] and B= [200].

(ii) 140000000. Or The sales of Sedan and SUV cars by A Rs 40000000

38) 1

(i) 81

(ii) 1

(iii) 5 or 107

9 180

157
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
Blue-Print
Sample Paper 4

Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)

SECTION - SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION

A -B - C (SA) - D (LA) -E
UNITS NAME OF THE (Objective (VSA) (2 (3 (5 (CBQ) (4 TOTAL
CHAPTERS Type) (1 MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS
Mark
EACH) EACH) EACH) EACH)
each)

MCQ ARQ
UNIT-I RELATIONS AND 1(1) 5(1)
FUNCTIONS
(RELATIONS 8(3)
AND INVERSE
FUNCTIONS) TRIGONOMETRIC 2(1)
FUNCTIONS
UNIT-II MATRICES 4(4) 5(1)

10(6)
(ALGEBRA)
DETERMINANTS 1(1)

CONTINUITY AND 2(2) 2(1) 3(1)

DIFFERENTIABILITY
APPLICATION OF 1(1) 3(1) 4(1)
DERIVATIVES
UNIT-III INTEGRALS 2(2) 2(1) 3(1) 5(1) 35(16)
(CALCULUS)
APPLICATION OF 3(1)
INTEGRALS
DIFFERENTIAL 2(2) 3(1)
EQUATIONS
UNIT-IV VECTORS 1(1) 2(1) 4(1)

(VECTORS THREE- 14(6)

AND 3D) DIMENSIONAL 2(2) 5(1)
GEOMETRY
UNIT-V (LPP) LPP 2(2) 3(1) 5(3)
UNIT-VI PROBABILITY 2(2) 2(1) 4(1) 8(4)
(PROBABILITY)
TOTAL 18(18) 2(2) 10(5) 18(6) 20(4) 12(3) 80(38)

158
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
EXCELLENCE SERIES SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 4
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions:

This question paper contains 38 questions divided into three sections- A, B, C & D
All questions are compulsory.
Section - A contains 20 very short answer type (VSA) of 1 mark each.
Section - B contains 5 short answer type (SA-I) questions of 2 marks each.
Section - C contains 6 short answer type (SA-II) of 3 marks each.
Section -D contains 4 long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each.
Section -E contains 3 case based questions (CBQ) of 4 marks each.
SECTION-A
1 If A = [aij] is an identity matrix, then which of the following is true?
1

(A) aij ={ 0, if i = j (B)aij = 1, ∀i, j (C)aij = 0, ∀i, j 0, if i ≠ j

(D) aij = {

1, if i ≠ j 1, if i = j

2 2 0 0 1
If A = [0 3 −1
0], then A is :

0 0 5

1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 0 0 2

1 1 1
(A) 0 0 (B) 30 0 0 (C) 1

[0 3 0] (D) 1

0 0

3 3 3
30 30

1 1
0 0 5 1

] ] ]
[0 0 5
0 0
[
5
0 0
[
5

3 For any square matrix A, (A − At)t is always :

1
(A)An identity matrix (B)A null matrix
(C)A skew symmetric matrix (D) A symmetric matrix

4 3 0 0 1
If A. (adj A) = [0 3 0], then the value of
| |
A+
|
adj A
|
is equal to :
0 0 3

(A)12 (B)9 (C) 3 (D)27

5 Let, A be the area of a triangle having vertices (x1, y1), (x2, y2) and (x3, y3).
1
Which of the following is correct?
x1 y1 1 x1 y1 1

(A) |x2 y2
1|=±A (B) |x2 y2
1| = ±2A

1 1

x3 y3 x3 y3

159
 x y 1 x y 1
2

1 1 1 1

(C)|x2 y
2 1|=± (D) |x2 y
2
1| =A2

1 1
x3 y3 x3 y3

6 The value of k for which the function f(x) = {

x
2

,x≥0
is differentiable at x = 0
1
kx, x < 0

is : (A)1 (B)2 (C)Any real number (D)0

7 If y =
cosx−sin x dy
1
cosx+sin x
, then dx
is :
π π π π
(A) – sec2 ( − x) (B)sec2 ( − x) (C)ln |sec ( − x)| (D)− ln |sec ( − x)|

4 4 4 4

8 ∫ 2x+2dx is equal to :
1

(A)2x+2 + c (B)2x+2 ln 2 + c
(C) 2x+2

+c (D)2.
2
x

+c

ln2 ln 2

9 2

2 1
dx equals :

∫0 √4 − x

(A)2 ln 2 (B)−2 ln 2
(C) π

(D)π
2

10 What is the product of the order and degree of the differential equation 1
2 3

dy dy

sin y + ( ) cos y = √y ?
dx
dx2

(A)3 (B) 2 (C)6 (D)Not defined

11 dy
1
x ln x + y = 2 ln x is an example of a :
dx

(A)Variable separable diff equation. (B) Homogeneous diff l equation.

(C)First order linear diff equation. (D) Diff equation whose degree is not defined.

12 Besides non negativity constraints, the figure given below is subject to which of 1
the following constraints
D(0

A(0,2. B(3, E(5,

O C(4,

(A) +2 ≤5; + ≤4 (B) +2 ≥5; + ≤4

(C) +2 ≥5; + ≥4 (D) + 2 ≤ 5;+≥4

13 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ̂ 1
In ∆ABC, AB = î+ ĵ+ 2k and AC = 3î− ĵ+ 4k. If D is the mid-point of BC, then

AD is equal to :

̂ ̂
(A)4î+ 6ĵ

(B)2î− 2ĵ+ 2k (C)î− ĵ+ k (D)2î+ 3k

x+1 y+2 z+3

14 1
If the point P(a, b, 0) lies on the line

2
=
3
=
4 , then (a, b) is :

160
 (A)(1, 2) (B)( 1 ,2 ) (C)( 1 , 1 ) (D)(0, 0)

2 3 2 4

15 If α, β and γ are the angles which a line makes with positive directions of 1
x, y and z axes respectively, then which of the following is not true?

(A) cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ = 1 (B)sin2α + sin2β + sin2γ = 2

(C) cos 2α + cos 2β + cos 2γ = −1 (D)cos α + cos β + cos γ = 1

16 The restrictions imposed on decision variables involved in an objective function 1

of a linear programming problem are called :
(A) Feasible solutions (B)Constraints
(C)Optimal solutions (D)Infeasible solutions

17 1
′ 3 B
1
If P(A ∩ B) = 8 and P(A ) = 4 , then P ( A ) is equal to :

(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) 2

2 3 6 3

18 If A and B are independent events, then which of the following is not true? 1

(A) A′ and B are independent events. (B)A and B′ are independent events.

(C) A′ and B′ are independent events.

(D)None of these

Question number 19 and 20 are Assertion and Reason based question. Two
statements are given, one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answers from the codes A, B C and D as given below.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true and R is false.
A is false and R is true.

19 1
Assertion(A): The relation R = {(1, 2)} on the set A = {1, 2, 3} is transitive.

Reasoning (R): A relation R on a non-empty set A is said to be transitive if

(a, b), (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R, for all a, b, c ∈ A.

20 Assertion(A): The function f(x) = (x + 2)e−x is strictly increasing on (−1, ∞).

1

Reasoning (R): A function f(x) is strictly increasing if f′(x) > 0.

SECTION-B
21 −1
13
2
Find the principal value of cos (cos ).
6

− sec (−2).
−1
OR Find the value of tan−1(√3)

22 2
d y
at θ=
π

..
2
If x = a tan3θ and y = a sec3θ, then find
3
dx2

161
23 Evaluate ∶ ∫
sec2x
dx
2

√tan2x + 4

π π
.
OR Evaluate ∫ √1 − sin 2x dx, <x<

4 2

24 ⃗⃗⃗ ̂ 2
If | ⃗⃗⃗ | = 2, | | = 7 and ⃗⃗⃗ × = −3 ̂+ ̂+ 2 , find the angle between

⃗⃗⃗

⃗⃗⃗ and .

25 Let X be a random variable which assumes values , 2, 3, 4 such that

1
2

2P(X = 1) = 3P(X = 2) = P(X = 3) = 5P(X = 4). Find the probability

distribution of X.

OR A die, whose faces are marked 1, 2, 3 in red and 4, 5, 6 in green is tossed.

Let, A be the event “number obtained is even” and B be the event “number is
marked red”. Find whether the events A and B are independent or not.

SECTION-C
26 , then find 3
If (cos ) = (sin )

.
27 Find the intervals in which the function f(x) = 3 4
−4 3
− 12 2
+ 5 is
3
(I) strictly increasing (II) strictly decreasing

28 Evaluate : ∫4
π

sin x +cos x 3
dx

0
16+9sin 2x

a a 1
OR Prove that ∫ f ( ) dx = ∫ f ( ) 2 ( )n dx.
x a − x dx, and hence evaluate ∫ x 1−x

0 0 0

29 Find the area of the region {(x, y): y ≥ x2, y ≤ |x|}

3

OR If the area bounded by the parabola y2 = 16ax and the line y = 4mx is
2
a

12

sq. units, then using integration, find the value of m.

30 Find the particular solution of the differential equation dy

=1+x
2

+y
2

+x
2

y
2
, 3
dx

given that y = 0 when x = 1.

dy y
OR Find the particular solution of the differential equation x sin ( )+x−

dx x

y π .
ysin ( ) = 0 , given that y(1) =

x
2

31 Solve the above L. P. P graphically ∶ Maximize Z = 3x + 9y 3

Subject to constraints
x + 3y ≤ 60 , x + y ≥ 10, x≤y x, y ≥ 0

162
 SECTION-D
32 Let ℕ be the set of natural numbers and R be the relation on ℕ × ℕ defined by 5
(a, b) R (c, d) iff ad = bc for all a, b, c, d ∈ ℕ. Show that R is an equivalence

relation.

OR Show that the function f: ℕ → ℕ defined by f(x) = x2 + x + 1 is one-one but

not onto.
33 1 1 1 5
If = (0 1 −1
3), then find and hence solve the system of system of

1 −2 1

linear equations: + + = 6, + 3 = 7 and − 2 + = 0.

34 4

| | | |
x − 3|] dx
5
x−2+
Evaluate: ∫1 [|x − 1 +

35 Find the co-ordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point 5
(−1, 8, 4) to the line joining points (0, −1, 3) and (2, −3, −1). Hence find

the image of the point in the line .

SECTION-E
36 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below:
In an Office three employees Jayant, Sonia and Olivia process a calculation in an
excel form. Probability that Jayant, Sonia, Olivia process the calculation
respectively is 50%, 20% and 30% . Jayant has a probability of making a mistake
as 0.06, Sonia has probability 0.04 to make a mistake and Olivia has a probability
0.03. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
I. Find the probability that Sonia processed the calculation and committed
a mistake. 1

II. Find the total probability of committing a mistake in processing the 1

calculation.
III. The boss wants to do a good check. During check, he selects a calculation 2

form at random from all the days. If the form selected at random has a
mistake, find the probability that the form is not processed by Jayant.

take ̂along east and ̂along north.

A girl walks 3 km towards west to reach point A and then walks 5 km in a direction 30° east of north and stops at point B. Let the girl starts from O (origin) and

163
 Based on the above information, answer the
following questions.
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(I) Find the scalar components of .

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
1
(II) Find the unit vector along .
(III)Find the position vector of point B. 2

In order to set up a rain water harvesting system, a tank to collect rain water is to be
dug. The tank should have a square base and a capacity of 250 cubic m. The cost of
land is Rs 5000 per sq m and cost of digging increase with depth and
2
for the whole tank it is 40,000 h , where h is the depth of the tank in metres. x
is the side of the square base of the tank in metres.

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

1
Find the total cost C of digging the tank in terms of x.
1
II. Find .
2
III. Find the value of x for which cost C is minimum
OR

Check whether the cost function C(x) expressed in terms of x

increasing or not, where x >0.

164
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 4
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

MARKING SCHEME
1- 1)(D) 2)(A) 3)(C) 4)(A) 5)(B) 6)(D) 7)(A) 8)(C) 9)(D) 10)(B)
20 11)(C) 12)(A )13)(D) 14)(C) 15)(D) 16)(B) 17)(A 18)(D) 19)(A) 20)(D)

21
6 OR − 3

(-1)/(54 a)
log |tan x + √tan2x + 4| + c OR −cos x − sin x + c
sin−1 (±
1
)

√14

25
X
1 2 3 4

30 30 30 30
P(X)

122 183 61 305

OR
1 1 1
P(A) = , P(B) = ,P(A∩B)= So P(A ∩ B) ≠ P(A). P(B) so dependent

2 2
6

26 = –

f(x) is strictly decreasing in(−∞, −1) ∪ (0,2) f(x) is strictly increasing in (−1,0) ∪ (2,
∞)

28
1 1 2 1

log 4 OR [ − + ]
30 n+1 n+2 n+3

29
= 3 sq. units OR = 2

165
 4
tan−1 = +
3
− 3 3
OR the complete sol is ∶ cos ( ) = log| |
n

Maximum value of is 180 and which is at any point on the line segment joining B and
C.

SECTION-D
32 R is Reflexive , symmetric and transitive and so equivalence on ℕ × ℕ :

OR is one-one but is not onto

33 7 −3 2

1 7 5

= [3 0 −3] and = ,=2,=

∴ −1
= || 9 3 3

−1 3 1

∫1 [|x − 1| + |x − 2| + |x − 3|] dx = ∫1 |x − 1| dx + ∫1 |x − 2| dx + ∫1 |x − 3| dx = 4.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 =

4 4 4 4
9.5
Coordinates of foot of perpendicular is (- 2, 1, 7) and image is (-3,-6,10).

35

SECTION-E
36 8 17

(i) 47
(ii) 0.047 (iii) 47

37 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

(i) So, scalar components of are 2.5, 2.5√3.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 1

(ii) Unit vector along =

2 ( ̂+ √3 ̂).

1 5√3
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

2 ̂.

( ) = −2 ̂+

2 4
(i) C = 5000 x + 2500000000/x
5
= 10000x – 10000000000/x

(iii)(a)For C to be minimum , =0 ⇒10000x – 10000000000/x5=0 ⇒ x = 10 OR

5
(b) = 10000x – 100000 00000/x

Which is < 0 for 0<x<10. So, the cost function C(x) is not increasing where 0<x<10

166
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

Blue-Print
Sample Paper 5
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)

Chapters MCQ Assertion/ 2 Marks 3 Marks 5 Marks Case Total

Reasoning Based

1. Relation & Function & 1 - 1 - 1 - 8(3)

I.T. Functions

2. Matrices and 5 - - - 1 - 10(6)

Determinants

3. Calculus 5 1 2 4 1 2 35(15)

4. 3-D Geometry 1 1 1 - 1 - 9(4)

Vector Algebra
3 - 1 - - - 5(4)

5. L.P.P. 2 - - 1 - - 5(3)

6. Probability 1 - - 1 - 1 8(3)

Total 18 2 5 6 4 3 80(38)

167
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 5
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions:

This Question paper contains – five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory.
However, there are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment of 4 marks
each with sub-parts.
Section-A
(Multiple Choice Questions)
Each question carries 1 mark
1 If A, B are symmetric matrices of some order, then AB-BA is a
(a) Skew symmetric matrix (b) Symmetric matrix
(c) Zero matrix (d) Identity matrix
2 If [
4
8
]=[
], then the value of (x+y+z) is

+6 + 0 6

(a) 6 (b) -6 (c) 0 (d) can’t be determined

3 If for matrix A=[ ∝ −2
],| 3
|=125, then the value of ∝ is:

−2 ∝

(a)±3 (b) -3 (c) ±1 (d) 1

4 The interval in which = − 3
+3 2
+ 2021 is increasing in:

(b) (0,2)
(a) (-∞, ∞) (c) (2,∞) (d) (-2,∞)

5 Let R be a relation in the set N given by R={(a,b): a=b-2,b>6} then

(a) (2,4)∈R (b) (3,8)∈R (c) (6,8)∈R (d) (8,7)∈R

6 The order and degree of the differential equation- 3

2 2
2

[1+( )] =
2
is
(a) 2,1 (b)1,2 (c) 2,Not defined (d) 2,2
7 If the objective function Z=ax+y is minimum at (1,4) and its minimum value is 13, then
value is 13, then value of a is:
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 4 (d)13
8 If cos , cos , cos are the direction cosines of the vector then cos 2 +

cos 2 + cos 2 is equal to:

(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) -1

168
9 1 ) 2 is:

2
The value of ∫ (

−
2

5
1 5
1

+2 + − − +
(a) 5
+ 3 3
(b) 5 3 3

(c) 5

−
1

−2 +
(d) 5

−
1

−2 +

5 3
5 3
3

10 2− 3

For what value of K, the matrix [

−5 ]
1 is not invertible

(a) 17 (b) 2 (c) 13 (d) None of these

11 In a linear programming problem, the constraints on the decision variables x and y are
x-3y≥0, y≥0, 0≤x≤3, the feasible region:
(a) Is not in the first quadrant, (b) is bounded in the first quadrant,
(c) is unbounded in the first quadrant (d) does not exists
12
The position vector of the point which divides the join of points 2 -3 and + in

the ratio 3:1 internally is:

⃗
5 ⃗ 3 ⃗

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3 ⃗ −2 7 ⃗ −8

4 2
2 4

13 For A=[
3
1
] then 14 −1
is given by:

−1 2

2 2 −3 4
(a) 14 [ −1] (b) 2 [ −1] (c) 2 [ −1] (d) [ −2]

1 3 1 −3 1 −2 2 6

1 1 1

14
If A and B are two events such that P(A)=2, P(B)=3 and P(A/B)=4 then P(A’∩B’) equals

(a) 1

(b) 3

(c) 1

4
(d) 3

16

12 4

15 The integrity factor of the differential equation:

− =2 2
is

(a) −
(b) 1

(c) x (d) None of these

16 The angle between the lines 2x=3y=-z and 6x=-y=-4z is:
(a) 0° (b) 45° (c) 90° (d) 30°

17 The maximum value of the function f(x)=4.sin cos is:

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 8

18 The value of x if x( ̂+ ̂+ ) is a unit vector, is:
̂

1 1

(a) ±√3 (b) ± (c)± (d) ±3

√3 3

ASSERTION REASON BASED QUESTIONS

The following questions 19 and 20 consist of two statements-Assertion(A) and Reason
(R). Answer the questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation for A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
19 ̂

Assertion(A): The acute angle between the lines = ̂+ ̂+ 2 + ( ̂− ̂) and the x-

axis is π/4.
Reason(R): The acute angle between the lines
̂ ̂

= 1 ̂+ 1 ̂+ 1 + ( 1 ̂+ 1 ̂+ 1 ) and
 ̂ ̂

= 2 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 2 + ( 2 ̂+ 2 ̂+ 2 ) is given by

169
 cos =
| 1 2+ 1 2+ 1 2|

2 2 2 2 2 2
√ + + √ + +

1 1 2 2 2

20 −1
2
6

Assertion(A): If = sin (6 √1 − 9 ) then =

2
√1−9

−1 2 −1
Reason(R): sin (6 √1 −9 )=3sin (2 )

Section-B
Each question carries 2 marks each
21 −1 −1

(
−1
) + cot
1

( ) + tan
−1
[sin (
−

)]

Find the value of tan √3 √3 2

5 13
Or, Find the value of tan
−1
(tan ) + cos
−1
(cos )
6
6

22 The side of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 30 cm/s. At what rate is
its area increasing when the side of the triangle is 30 cm?
Or, A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and waves move in a circle at a speed of 3.5
cm/sec. At the instant when the radius of the circular wave is 7.5 cm, how fast is the
enclosed area increasing?
23 ⃗ ⃗

Let ,be three vectors such that | | = 3, | | = 4, | | = 5 and each one of

them being perpendicular to the sum of the other two, find | + + |

24 2 2

Find the area enclosed by the ellipse 2 + 2 =1

25 Find the shortest distance between the lines-

+1 +1 +1 −3 −5 −7

= = = =

7 −6 1 1 −2 1

Section-
C
This section comprises of short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks each
26 Solve the following linear programming problem graphically minimize z=3x+5y
Subject to constraints- x+3y≥ 3, x+y≥2, x≥0, y≥0

27 Two cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well shuffled deck of 52
cards. Find the probability distribution of the number of aces.
Or,
The probabilities of two students A and B coming to the school in time are 3/7 and 5/7
respectively. Assuming that the events ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B coming in time’ are
independent, find the probability of only one of them coming to the school in time.
28 Find ∫ sin−1

2 2
( +1)( +2)

Or, Find ∫
2 2
( +3)( +4)

29 Solve the differential equation: ( 2

+ ) −( 2
+ 2) = 0

Or, Solve the differential equation: (1 +

2
) +2 = cot( ≠ 0)

30 2
Draw a rough sketch of the curve 4y-2=x and x =4y and find the area bounded by
these two using integration.
31 2

If = ( + sin ), = (1 − cos ) then find 2 at = /2

Section-D
This section comprises of long answer type questions (LA) of 5 marks each

170
32 −4 4 4 1 −1 1

Determine the product of [−7 1 3 ] and [1 −1 −2] and then use this to

5 −3 −1 2 1 3

solve the system of equations

x-y+z=4; x-2y-2z=9; 2x+y+3z=1
33 Find the vector equation of the line passing through the point (1, 2, -4) and
perpendicular to the two lines:
−8
and =
+9
=
−10 −15
=
−29
=
−5

3 −16 7
3 8
−5

Or, Solve that the lines: +1

=
+3

=
+5

and −2

=
−4

=
−6

intersect each other.

1
3 5 7 3 5

Also find their point of intersection.

34 /2

log sin
Evaluate ∫0

Or, Evaluate ∫
2 2 2 2
cos + sin
0

35 Show that the relation R in the set A={1,2,3,4,5} given by

R= {(a,b):|a-b| is divisible by 2} is an equivalence relation. Write all the equivalence
classes of R.
Section-E
This section comprises of 3 case-study/passage-based questions of 4 marks each
with sub parts. The first two case study questions have three sub parts (i), (ii), (iii) of
marks 1,1,2 respectively. The third case study question has two sub parts of 2 marks
each.
36 In pre-board examination of class XII, commerce stream with Economics and
Mathematics of a particular school 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35%
failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics and Mathematics. A student
is selected at random from the class.
Based on the above information answer the following questions-

(i) The probability that the selected student has failed in Economics if it is
known that he has failed in Mathematics.
(ii) The probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics if it is
known that he has failed in Economics.
(iii) The probability that the selected student has failed in at least one of the
two subjects.

171
37 The relation between the height of the plant (y in cm) with respect to exposure to
sunlight is governed by the following equation:
1

=4 − 2
Where x is the number of days exposed to sunlight.
2

Based on the above information answer the following questions:

(i)Find the rate of the plant with respect to sunlight.

(ii)
What is the number of days it will take for the plant to grow to the
maximum height?
(iii) If the height of the plant is 7/2 cm, find the number of days it has been
exposed to the sunlight.
38 Megha wants to prepare a handmade gift box for her friend’s birthday at home. For
making the lower part of box, she takes a square piece of cardboard of side 20 cm.
Based on the above information, answer the following-

If x can be the length of each side of the square cardboard which is to be cut off from
corners of the square piece of side 20 cm.
(i) What should be the side of square to be cut off so that volume of the box is
maximum?
(ii) The maximum value of the volume?

172
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 5
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

Marking Scheme
Section-A
For each correct option- 1 mark
1(a),2(c),3(a),4(b),5(c),6(d),7(d),8(d),9(c),10(b),11(a),12(d),13(d),14(c),15(b),
16(c),17(a), 18(b),19(a),20(c)
Section-B 1
−

21 Value= + −
6 3 4

1
= −

12

Or,
−

Value= + 1
6 6

=0 1
22 A= √3 2 0.5
4

( 2
)a=30=45√3
cm /s 1.5
Or,
2
A= r 0.5
2 /s 1.5
( )r=7.5=52.5π cm
23 ⃗
.( + )= .( + )= .( + )=0
⃗ 0.5
⃗ 1.5
| + + |=5√2

24 Correct figure 0.5

Area=πab 1.5
25 (⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2−⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2).( 1× 2)
⃗⃗⃗⃗

0.5
S.D.= | |
⃗⃗⃗⃗
|
| 1 × 2

=2√29 1.5
26 Section-C
Drawing correct graph 1
For showing unbounded feasible solution region 1
For finding minimum value 1
27 X=0,1,2 0.5
X 0 1 2
P(x) 144 24 1 2.5
169 169 169

Or,
3 5 5 3
2
Required probability=7 (1 − 7) + 7 (1 − 7)

= 6

+
20

=
26

49 49 49 1

173
28 1
∫ sin−1= sin−1 ∫− [ (sin−1 ∫ )]

1
2 −1
2

2
= 4
(2 − 1) sin +
4
√1 − +

Or,
∫ )
2 2 2
( +1)( +2) 4 +10

0.5
=∫(1−
2 2 2 2
( +3)( +4) ( +3)( +4)

2 6

=∫(1+ − )

2
2
+3

−1
2
+4

−1
1.5
= + √3
tan
√3 − 3 tan 2 + 1
29 0.5
=
2 2
+

2
+

Putting y=vx, = +
1

Solving and getting-

2 −⁄

(x-y) =Cx 1.5

Or,
+
2

=
cot 0.5
2 2
1+ 1+

2
I.F.= 1+x 1
Req. Soln. y(1+x2)=log|sin |+C
1.5
30 Rough Sketch 1
Using integration and getting area enclosed= 9/8 sq. units 2
31 , = 2 sin cos
1
= 2 cos2
2 2 2

1 1.5
= tan , =
2

sec4
2 2
4 2

Value=1/a 0.5
32 Section-D
AB=8I 2
-1
B =1/8A
-1 1
X=B C
̂
x=3,y=2,z=1 ̂
2
33 1
= ( ̂+ 2 ̂− 4 ) + (
̂+ ̂+

2
)---1

3
1
Line 1 is perpendicular to the two given lines
= =
1 2 3

2 3
3
̂

∴ = ( ̂+ 2 ̂− 4 ) + (2 ̂+ 3 ̂+ 6 )
1
Or,

For showing shortest distance between two lines=0 i.e, lines are intersecting. 2
For finding point of intersection-

x=(2λ+1);y=(3λ+2);z=(4λ+3) from 1st equation of line 1

Putting into 2
nd
equation of line and getting λ=-1 1.5
Required point(-1,-1,-1)
0.5
34 Using property of definite integral 1
Adding and simplifying- 1
2.5
0.5
Getting 2I=I- 2 log 2

I=- 2
log 2

Or,
174
 Using property of definite integral 1
Adding and simplifying 1
Getting I=π∫
⁄2
sec
2

2
2
0
2
+ 2
tan2 1
= 2

35 For proving Reflexive & Symmetric 1+1

For proving transitive 2
For writing equivalence class of R 1
36 Section-E
(i) P(E/M)=5/7 1
(ii) P(M/E)=1/2 1
(iii) P(E∪M)=3/5 2
37 (i) 4-x 1
(ii) 4 1
(iii) 1 2
38 (i) x=10/3 cm 2
3
(ii) Maximum Volume=16000/27 cm 2

175
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

Blue-Print
Sample Paper 6
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)

CHAPTERS MCQ A/R 2M 3M 5M CBQ TOT

QNS

RELATIONS AND 1 1 1 3
FUNCTIONS

INVERSE TRIGONOMTRIC 1 1
FUNCTIONS

MATRICES 3 3
DETERMINANTS 2 1 3
CONTINUITY AND 1 1 1 3
DIFFERENTIABLIT
Y

APPLICATION OF 2 1 3
DERIVATIVE

INTEGRALS 2 1 1 1 5
APPLICATION OF 1 1 2
INTEGRALS

DIFFERENTIAL 2 1 3
EQUATIONS

VECTOR 1 1 2
ALGEBRA

THREE DIMENSIONAL 1 1 1 1 4
GEOMETRY

LINEAR 2 1 3
PROGRAMMING

PROBABLITY 1 1 1 3
TOTAL 18 2 5 6 4 3 38

176
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 6
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions:
This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory. However, there
are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4 marks each)
with sub parts.
Q. Question Marks
No SECTION
–A
(Multiple Choice Questions) Each question
carries 1 mark.

1 The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is: 1
(a) 27 (b) 18 (c) 81 (d) 512

2 If A = [ aij] is a symmetric matrix of order n, then 1

) aij = 1/aij for all i,j (b) aij ≠ 0 for all i,j
) aij = aji for all i,j (d) aij = 0 for all i, j

3 Let A be a non singular square matrix of order 3 × 3. Then |adj A| is equal to 1

(a) |A| 2 3 (d) 3|A|
(b) |A| (c) | A|

4 The area of a triangle with vertices (–3, 0), (3, 0) and (0, k) is 9 sq. units. The value of k will 1
be
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) – 9 (d) 6

5 If A and B are invertible matrices, then which of the following is not correct? 1
–1 –1 –1
(a) adj A = |A|. A (b) det(A) = [det (A)]
–1 –1 –1 –1 –1 –1
(c) (AB) = B A (d) (A + B) =B +A

6 The function f (x) = [x], where [x] denotes the greatest integer function, is continuous at 1
(a) 4 (b) – 2 (c) 1 (d) 1.5

177
7 Differentiation of( tan x) is
-1 2 1

2 −1 1

(a) (b) (c) √1 +

2
(d)
√1+
2 1+ 2
√1+
2

8 The rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius r at r = 6 cm is 1
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 8 (d) 11

9 100 1
On which of the following intervals is the function f given by f (x) = x + sin x –1
decreasing ?
(a) (0,1) (b) ( (c) (0, ) (d) None of these
, )
2 2

10 ∫x
(sec x + tan x ) is equal to 1
x x x x
(a) e cos x + c ( b) e sec x + c ( c ) e sin x + c ( d ) e tan x + c
11 3
x dx is equal to 1
The value of ∫−

(a) a (b) a/3 (c) 1 (d) 0

12 2
3 2
1
The degree of the differential equation ( ) +( ) + ( )+1=0

(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) not defined

13 1
A homogeneous differential equation of the from =ℎ( ) can be solved by making the

substitution.
(a) y = vx (b) v = yx (c) x = vy (d) x = v

14 If is a nonzero vector of magnitude ‘a’ and a nonzero scalar, then is unit vector if 1
(a) = 1 (b) = – 1 (c) a = | | (d) a = 1

||

15 The coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the point (2, 5, 7) on the x- 1
axis are given by
(a) (2, 0, 0) (b) (0, 5, 0) (c) (0, 0, 7) (d) (0, 5, 7)

16 The feasible solution for a LPP is shown 1

in given figure. Let Z=3x-4y be the (4, 10)

(0, 8) (6, 8)
objective function. Minimum of Z occurs at (6, 5)

(0,0)
(0,8)
(5,0)
(4,10)

178
17 Region represented by x 0,y 0 is: 1
(a) First quadrant (b) Second quadrant
(c) Third quadrant (d) Fourth quadrant

18 If A and B are two events such that P(A)+P(B)- P(A and B)=P(A), then 1
(a) P(B/A) =1 (b) P(A/B) =1 (c) P(A/B) =0 (d) P(B/A) =0

ASSERTION-REASON BASED QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct answer
out of the following choices.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
19 A: The Principal value of ) is equal to
5

. 1
cot -1 (− √3 ) + tan -1 (1) + sec-1 (2/√3 4

-1 -1
R: Domain of cot x and sin are respectively (0, ) and [− , ].

2 2

20 A: The following straight lines are perpendicular to each other. 1

+1 −2 +3 1− +2 3−

= = = =

2 5 4 −1 2 3

R: Let line L-l passes through the point ( 1, 1, 1,) and parallel to the vector whose

direction ratios are 1

, 1
, and 1, and let line L- 2 passes through the point ( 2, 2
, 2
,)

and parallel to the vector whose direction ratios are 2, 2, and 2, · Then the lines L-1 and

L-2 are perpendicular if . 2+ 1. 2+ 1. 2=0

1

SECTION – B
This section comprises of very short answer type-questions (VSA) of 2 marks each.

21 Check whether the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, b) : a ≤ 2
} is
2
transitive.
22 x y 2
Find of the function y = x .
Or, Find the values of k so that the function f is continuous at the indicated point

+ 5, ≤2
( )={ =2
−1, >2

23 Evaluate: ∫ /(x+1) (x+2) dx 2

24 Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by X-axis , line x = √3 y and the
2
circle 2
+ 2
= 4.

OR Find the area of the region bounded by the ellipse

+ = 1.
2 2

16 9

25 ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ 2
If , , are unit vectors such that + + = 0 , find the value of . + . + . .

179
 SECTION C
(This section comprises of short answer type questions (SA) of 3 marks each)

26 If y = (tan-1x)2, show that (1 + 2 2

)(1+ 2)
3
) 2+(2 1 =2

27 Evaluate ∫( sin 2 3 ) dx 3

OR Evaluate: ∫5 | + 2| .

−5

28 Find the area of the region bounded by the curve y = sin x between x = 0 and x = 2π . 3

29 2
+y= −1
3
Solve the differential equation (1 + x ) .
OR
x -x x -x
Find the general solution of (e + e ) dy - (e - e ) dx = 0.
30 Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically: 3
Maximize and Minimize Z = x + 2y subject to the constraints:
x + 2y ≥ 100, 2x - y ≤ 0, 2x + y ≤ 200, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.

31 Two numbers are selected at random (without replacement) from the first six positive 3
integers. Let X denote the larger of the two numbers obtained. Find E(X).
OR The random variable X can take only the values 0,1,2,3. Given that P ( X = 0 ) P
= ( X = 1 )= p and P ( X = 2 )= P ( X = 3) such that ∑= 2 ∑ . Find the value of p.

SECTION D
(This section comprises of long answer-type questions (LA) of 5 marks each)

32 5
Show that the function f : R→R defined by f(x) = 2+1 , ∀ x∈R is neither one-one nor onto.

. Show that
OR Let f: W → W be defined by : f(n) = { − 1,+ 1,

f is one-one and onto .

33 2 −3 5 5
If A = [3 2
− 4] find A . Using A
-1 -1

1 1 −2

Solve the following system of equations by matrix method.

2x – 3y + 5z = 11; 3x + 2y –4 z = -5; x + y - 2z = -3

34 5
Evaluate ∫0 1+sin.

OR Evaluate ∫2 dx .
0 sin +cos

35 Find the shortest distance between the lines 5

̂ ̂ ̂ ̂

= ( ̂+ 2 ̂+3 ) + ( ̂- ̂+ ) and = (2 ̂- ̂- ) + (2 ̂+ ̂+2 )

OR Find the cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (-2,4,-5) and
parallel to the line given by = = . +3 −4 +8

3 5 6

180
 SECTION E

(This section comprises of 3 case-study based questions with two sub-parts. First two case study
questions have three subparts of marks 1, 1, 2 respectively. The third case study question has two sub
parts of 2 marks each.)

Read the following text and answer the following questions, on the basis of
the same:
1 2
The relation between the heights of the plant (y in cm) with respect to exposure to sunlight is governed by the equation = 4 − 2 where x is
the number of days exposed to sunlight.

(i) Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to sunlight. 1
(ii) Is this function satisfy the condition of second order derivative? 1
(iii) What is the number of days it will take for the plant to grow to the maximum 2
height?
Or (iii) What is the maximum height of the plant?

A pillar is said to be constructed on a field. Radhe is an Engineer for that project . This was
Radhe’s first project after completing his Engineering. He draws the following diagram of
that pillar for the approval.

Consider the following diagram, where the forces in the cable are given.
(i) Write the coordinates of A and B. 1
(ii) Write the coordinates of C and D. 1
(iii) Find the equation of the line along the cable AD.
OR 2
Find the sum of the distances OA, OB and OC.

181
38 One day, a sangeet mahotsav is to be organised in an open area of Rajasthan. In recent
years, it has rained only 6 days each year. Also, it is given that when it actually rains, the
weatherman correctly forecasts rain 80% of the time. When it doesn’t rain, he incorrectly
forecasts rain 20% of the time. If leap year is considered, then answer the following
questions.
2

(i) Find the probability that the weatherman predict rain.

(ii) Find the probability that it will rain on the chosen day, if weatherman predict
rain for that day. 2

182
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 6
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

Marking Scheme
Q. Question Marks
No. SECTION – A

1-20 1)(c) 2)(c) 3)(a) 4)(c) 5) (d) 6) (d) 7) (b) 8)(b) 9) (c) 10) (a)
11)(c) 12)(d) 13)(a) 14)(a) 15)(a) 16)(c) 17) (c) 18) (c) 19) (a) 20)(b)
21 Not transitive
22 (
− log

= − log
) Or k = -2
2
log I( x + 2 ) /(x + 1 ) I + C
Required area = ∫0√3 √31 x dx + ∫√32 √4 − 2
dx = 3 sq unit

Or, Area bounded by the ellipse = 4 ∫

4
3

04
√16− 2
dx = 12 π sq unit.
25 3

( . + . + . )= − 2

SECTION C

26 -1 2 ,
y = (tan x) differentiating both sides w.r.t. x twice to get the result
27 cos2 cos6 cos 4
- + - +C
8 24 16

Or, ∫5 + 2 dx = ∫−2 −( + 2 )dx + ∫5 ( + 2 ) dx = 29

−5 −5 −2

28 2

Required area = ∫0 sin I dx + ∫ sin I dx = 4 sq unit

29 y= −1

+C − −1
Or, y = log I (ex + e-x ) I + C
2

The maximum value of Z is 400at (0,200) and minimum value of Z is 100 at all the points on
the line segment joining (0,50) and (20,40)

probability distribution is
X 2 3 4 5 6
P(X) 1 2 3 4 1

15 15 15 15 3

Expectation of X = E(X) = ΣXP(X)= 2 x 1

+3 x 2

+4 x 3

+5 x 4

+6 x 1

= 2+6+12+20+30

= 70

15 15 15 15 3 15 15

Or, P = 8

183
 SECTION D
1 −1

32
Since f(1) = 2 and f(-1) = 2 , but 1 ≠ -1, f is not one-one. And there is no real number x

such that f(x) equals any positive real number. Hence, f is not onto.
Or, show that f(n) = f(m) => n = m so f is one-one. For onto show codomain = range
33 0 1 −2

A-1 =[−2 9 − 23 ] Solving by matrix method , x = 1, y= 2, z = 3

−1 5 −13

34 Let I = ∫0 1+sin
………………….( i )
I =∫
−
or I =∫
−
…………….(ii)
0 1+sin ( π− ) 0 1+sin

On adding eqs. ( i ) and (ii) ,we get

2I after solving I = =∫

0 1+sin

Or,
dx -------------------- ( i)
2

Let I = ∫2
0 sin +cos

=∫ 2
( 2 − )

dx or I=∫ 2 dx …………………..(ii)
0 sin( − )+cos( − ) 0 sin +cos
2 2

Adding equn. (i) and (ii)

1 1

2I=∫ 2 dx after solving I = log (√2 + 1)

0 sin +cos √2

35 √2

Shortest distance = 2 units

Or, = = +2 −4

5 6
+5

is the equation of the required line.

3

SECTION E
(i) 4−x cm/day.
Yes, the function satisfies the condition of the second-order derivative because the
second derivative is a constant value.
it will take 4 days for the plant to grow to the maximum height.

i) The coordinates of point A and B are (8,10,0) and (-6,4,0) respectively.

The coordinates of point C and D are (15,-20,0) and (0,0,30) respectively.
30−
4= 5 = 15
Or, the sum of the distances OA,OB,OC = √164 + √52 + 25 = (2√41 + 2√13 + 25)units

(i) 0.2098 (ii)

0.0625

184
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
Blue-Print
Sample Paper 7
Class-XII Subject-Mathematics (041)
Chapters 1 mark 2 marks 3 marks 5 4 marks Total Total
marks questions marks
Relation and 1 1 (2+2) 5
Function 8

ITF 1 1 OR 3

Matrix 3 (AR) 1 8
10
Determinant 2 2

Continuity 1 1

Derivative 1 1 1 6

Appl of derivative 1 (AR) 2 (OR) 1 (1+1+2) 9

35
Integration 1 1 (OR) 1 (OR) 9

Appl. Of Integral 1 5

Diff Equation 2 1 (OR) 5

Vector 1 1 1 7
14
3d Geometry 3 1 (OR) 7

LPP 2 1 (OR) 5 5

Probability 1 1 1 1(1+1+2) 8 8

Total 20 5 6 4 3 38 80

185
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 7
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

General Instructions :
This Question paper contains - five sections A, B, C, D and E. Each section is compulsory. However, there
are internal choices in some questions.
Section A has 18 MCQ’s and 02 Assertion-Reason based questions of 1 mark each.
Section B has 5 Very Short Answer (VSA)-type questions of 2 marks each.
Section C has 6 Short Answer (SA)-type questions of 3 marks each.
Section D has 4 Long Answer (LA)-type questions of 5 marks each.
Section E has 3 source based/case based/passage based/integrated units of assessment (4 marks each)
with sub parts

SECTION A (20 X 1)
1 5 3

5
If (
1 3
) =(1 −1) then value of ∑ =1
3
2 1 =

4 6 2
2 4

(a) 30 (b) 16 (c) 14 (d) 32

Let A= {1,2,3,…30}. A relation R is defined in A X A by ( , ) ( , ) ⇔ + = + then number of elements related (1,3)
(a) 26 (b) 17 (c) 28 (d) 21
3
Let = (
2 3
) = + where P is symmetric matrix and Q is skew symmetric matrix and

|Q| = 9 then value of may be

(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) 4
Which one of the following points is at a distance of 5 units from (1,5,3) and lies on the line
−1 −5 −3

= =
2 6 3

9 17 65 36

(a) (2, 8, ) (b) ( , , ) (c) (6,5,3) (d) (0,2,4)

2 7 7 7

If = (12 31) Then | 2 − 2 | =

(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) -5 (d) -25

6
The number of real solution of the equation | |=0 lying in the interval

[− , ] is
4 4

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

1
If ( ) = 1− then the set of points of discontinuity of ( ( ( ))) is

(a) {1} (b) {0,1} (c) {-1,1} (d) ∅

186
 2023

∫ 2023
=

−2023

(a) 0 (b) 2023 (c) -1 (d) 2023

Let ( ) = 1 + + 2 + 3 + ⋯ , | | < 1 then ∞′(12) (where f ‘ (x) denotes derivative of f(x))

2024

(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 1

(d)
2

Let = ( ) be the solution of differential equation = 1 + + 2 + 2, (0) = 0, then y(1) =

(a) 5
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d)
4 2 2 4

The general solution of the differential equation−= 0; is of the form

(a) (b) (c) = =
2
= (d) =
2

Two switches 1, 2 have respectively 80% and 90% chances of working. The probabilities that circuit of the figure will work

(a) 18

(b) 49/50
25

(c) 20/25 (d) 35/50

13
)) =
( −1
(
4

(a) 0 (b) (c) 2 (d) −

The figure represents a unit cube with one corner at origin. The
direction cosines of the vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

′ is

1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) 〈 , , 〉 (b) 〈− , ,− 〉

√3 √3 √3 √3 √3 √3

(c) 〈−
1
,−
1
,
1
〉 (d) 〈
− 1
,
− 1
,
− 1
〉

√3 √3 √3 √2 √2 √3

15 For which value of the equation . ̂= . ( ̂+ ̂)= . ( ̂+ ̂+ ) is satisfied

̂

(a) ̂ (b) ̂+ ̂
̂

(d) ) ̂

The corner points of feasible region of the LPP 2 + ≤ 7, + ≤ 4, ≥ 0, ≥ 0 is

(c) ̂+ ̂+

(a) (0,0) , (4,0), (7,1), (0,4) (b) (o,0), (7/2,0), (3,1), (0,4)
(c) (0,0) , (0,7), (3,1), (0,4) (d) (0,0), (7/2,0), (3,1, (4,0)
Of the following , which group of constraints represents the feasible region

a) +2 ≤ 76,2 + ≥ 104, , ≥ 0 + 2 ≥
(b) + 2 ≤ 76,2 + ≤ 104, , ≥ 0 (d) + 2 ≥ 76,2 + ≤ 104, , ≥ 0
76,2 + ≥ 104, , ≥ 0
(c)

187
 The direction ratios of the line 3 + 1 = 6 − 2 = 1 – are

18
(a) (3, 6, 1) (b) (3, 6, −1) (c) (2, 1, 6 ) (d) (2, 1, −6)

The following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these
questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A): The maximum value of the function ( ) = 3
, ∈ [−1, 1], is attained at its

stationary point, x = 0.
Reason (R) : for maximum value of a function ( ) at a point ′

Assertion (A): Adj(AdjA) = | |

( ) = 0 at the point
−2
for any square matrix A

Reason (R) : A.AdjA = |A|

Section B
21 Draw the graph of =− ( − ) in the principal range
2
OR
Find the value of (
−
) +(
−
)

22 Find if =
( + )4 .
2
23 At what point of the ellipse 16
2
+9
2
= 400 does the ordinate decrease at the same rate at
2
which abscissa increases.
24 2 4 6

, find whether f(x) will increase or decrease in 2

( )=
( + + +⋯∞) 2

If

(0, ).

OR
Find the interval in which the function is increasing or decreasing ( ) =(1 + ) −
1+
.
25 QRST and QRTP are parallelograms. Using the vectors 2
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

shown for and , prove that the area of QRST is equal

to the area of QRTP.

Section C
26 If = sin(2 −1
) then prove that (1 − ) −+
2
4 =0 3
2 1

27 cos 3
Evaluate: ∫
(1 − sin ) (2 − sin )

Or Evaluate: ∫

0 1+

28 The probability that a married man watches a certain T.V. show is 0.4 and the probability that a 3
married woman watches the show is 0.5. The probability that a man watches the show, given
that his wife does, is 0.7. Find the probability that married couples watch the show collectively
29 Solve the following linear programming problem graphically: 3
. = +2

Subject to the constraints : + ≤ 50 , 3 + ≤ 90, ≥0, ≥0.

Or Solve the following Linear Programming Problem graphically:

Maximize = 2.5 + 1.5 + 410

Subject to ≤ 60, ≤ 50, 60 ≤ + ≤ 100, ≥ 0, ≥ 0

188
30 ̂ ̂ ⃗ ̂
and 3
If = ̂+ 2 − , = ̂− ̂= ̂− ̂− . Let is a vector such that × = ×

⃗
. =0
then find | |.

31 Solve the differential equation +( −

2
) =0
3
OR Solve differential equation −= √
2
+
2

Section D
32 1 −1 0 2 2 −4 5
If = [2 3 4] and B=[−4 2 −4] then find product AB.

0 1 2 2 −1 5

Use this solve the following system of equations

− =3; +2 =7 2 + 3 + 4 = 17;

33 2
5
∫

0
2
+1
OR ∫

( 2
+2)( 2+4)

34 5
2 2

Given Figure in the graph of 2

+
2
= 1 . Find the area of shaded region with the help of

integral.
35 ̂ ̂
5
Find the coordinate of the image of the point Q (1,6,3) w.r.t the line ⃗ = ( ̂+ ) + (̂ +2 ̂+ )

OR An eagle is flying along the line −5

=
−1
=
−8
and a snake is crawling along a path
1 −1 −3

= 1 + 2 , = −4 + , = 8 − 2 . Will the eagle able to catch the snake? If yes find the

coordinate of the point where the snake will be caught.

SECTION E
36 The Earth has 24 time zones, defined by dividing the Earth into 24 equal longitudinal segments. These 4
are the regions on Earth that have the same standard time. For example, USA and India fall in different
time zones, but Sri Lanka and India are in the same time zone.
A relation R is defined on the set U = {All people on the Earth} such that
R = {(x, y)| the time difference between the time zones x and y reside in is 6 hours}.
Based on this information answer the following question

189
 (i) Is the relation is reflexive? 1
(ii) Check whether the relation is symmetric. 1
(iii) Is the relation is Transitive 2
37 Priyanka is very fond of ice cream cone. She selected an icecream of slant height of 110 mm as
shown in figure. She wants to calculate the criteria for maximum volume of cream. Help her by
answering the following questions
(a) If is the semi vertical angle of cone. Find radius and height of cone 1

1
(b) Find volume of cone as a function of
2
(c) Find value of for maximum volume of cream.

38 A school conducted a survey of their school staff to find their beverage preferences. Each of them picked
either tea or coffee as their first preference and then with sugar or without sugar as their second
preference as shown in the below tree diagram. Based on the information answer the question that
follow
Some of the

insights from the survey are given below.

♦ 60% percent of the staff prefer coffee.
♦ 90% of those who prefer coffee prefer it with sugar.
♦ 20% of those who prefer tea prefer it without sugar.
i) What is the probability that a person selected randomly from the staff prefers a beverage 2
with sugar?
ii) ii) What is the probability that a person from the staff selected at random prefers coffee 2
given that it is without sugar?

190
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 7
CLASS – XII MAX.MARKS – 80
SUB. – MATHEMATICS (Code – 041) TIME – 03 HOURS

Marking Scheme
1- 1) (a) 2)(c) 3)(a) 4) (b) 5)(b) 6)(c) 7)(b) 8)(a) 9)(a) 10)(b)
20 11)(c) 12)(a) 13)(a) 14)(a) 15)(a) 16)(b) 17)(d) 18)(d) 19)(d) 20)(a)
Section B
21) 2
OR

2 −1 2 −1
( 4) + ( 5)

=(
2
(
−1
4) − 1) + (
2
(
−1
5) − 1)
1
=(16−1)+(25−1) 0.5
= 39 0.5
22) =4( + ) 3( + )′
1

=4( + 3
) ( + 1) 1
23) 0.5
16 (2 )+9(2 )=0

0.5
⇒ 32 − 18 =0 (∵ =− ≠ 0)

⇒ 32 − 18 = 0

16 0.5
⇒ =
9

2 2
Putting the value of y in 16 +9 = 400 ,

16 16

we get = ±3, = ± points are (3,16/3) (−3, − )

3 3 0.5
24) (
2

) 2 2 2
1
=
( )=
2
1− 2 =2

2 0.5
( 2)(2 )(−
2
)<0
(0, ) 0.5
′( )= 2 2

So f(x) will decrease in given interval

OR ( ) =(1 + ) − ⇒
′
( )=
1

−
1

=
1
2 2

1+ 1+
(1+ ) (1+ )

Increasing interval (0, ∞) 0.5

Decreasing interval (−1,0) 0.5

191
25) ⃗ 0.5
Ar( QRST) = | × |

ar( QRTP) = | × |

=|( + )× |

⃗ 0.5
=| × + × |

⃗ 1
=| × |

Section C
26) = sin(2
−1
)

⇒ = cos(2 −1
).
2 1
1
√1− 2
0.5
2
⇒(1− 2
) = 4 cos2(2 −1
)

0.5
1

2
⇒(1− 2
) =4(1− 2)
1

⇒ (1− 2) − +4 =0

2 1
1
27) cos

I=∫

(1 − sin ) (2 − sin )

Let

sin = ∴ cos= 0.5

1
∴I=∫ …………….(1)
(1 − )(2 − )

1 A B

Let (1− )(2− )

=
(1− )
+
(2− )
……………(2) 0.5

⇒∴ A = 1 and B = −1

Thus from (1) and (2), we get

0.5
1 −1

I=∫[ + ]

(1 − ) (2 − )
0.5

1 1

=∫ −∫

1− 2−

= − log|1 − | + log|2 − | + C
1
2− 2 − sin

= log | | + C = log | |+C

1− 1 − sin

Or 1
x π−x
=∫ dx=∫
π π
dx
0 1+sinx 0 1+sinx

1
π

1−sinx 1
2I=2π ∫ 2 dx= π ∫
2 dx

0
1+sinx 0 2
π
cos x

2
2 0.5
x − secxtanx)dx
= π ∫0 (sec

π
π

0.5
sinx−1 2
2

= π[tanx − secx]0 = π [ cosx ] 0 =2π⇒I= π

M = man watches TV show

W = his wife watches TV show.
P(M) = 0.4, P(W) = 0.5 1
P(M/W) = 0.7 0.5

( ∩ )= ( ) ( )
1

= 0.7 × 0.5 = 0.35 0.5

192
29) drawing graph and shading 2
drawing per line 0.5 and shading correctly 0.5 each
finding intersection pt (20,30)

pt X+2y
(0,0) 0
(30,0) 30
(20,30) 80 1
(0,50) 100 max
Or

Similar approach

pt 2.5x+1.5y+410
(10,50) 510
(50,50) 610 max
(60,40) 620
(60,0) 90

30) Let
= ̂+ ̂+

̂ 0.5
× = ̂− ( − 2 ) + ̂ (

̂
+ )+ (2 − ),

0.5
× =3 +3

.=0⇒−=0

0.5
∴2 − =3, + =0,− −2 =3

Solving we get x=3, y= 3 z = -3 1

̂
0.5
Hence = 3 ̂+ 3 ̂− 3

31) +( −
2
) =0
)
⇒ + =
2
linear in x 1

⇒ + = spotting p and Q 0.5

1

Int factor = = 1
3

General solution . = ∫ +
2
=
3
0.5
Or
− =√ 2+ 2

⇒=( +√ + 2)
2

2
0.5
√
+ 1+
⇒ =

0.5
Putting y = vx ⇒ = +

+
= +√1+ 2
1
⇒∫ =∫
2
√1+

193
 2
log ( + √1 + ) =+
+√1+ 2
=

⇒ + =
2 2
√ +

Section D
0.5

0.5
32) AB=6I 2
=
⇒ −1
6 1
3

−1
⇒[ ]= [17]

7
1
1 2 2 −4 3

⇒[ ]= [−4 2 −4] [17]

2 −1 5 7

Solution = 2, = −1, = 4

1
33) Let = ∫2

0
1
Using prop. = ∫2, Adding 2 = ∫2 = ∫2 2 /2)2

0 0 0

1
1
∴2 = ∫− 2= 2

2 2

1
2
1
2 = ×2∫− 2

2 2 1
0

∫ ( ) =2∫ ( ) (2 − ) = ( )

0 0
1
∴2 = − 2⇒ =− 2

2 2

1
1

2
34) For writing the equation of line passing through (-9,0) and (0,6)
1
− + =1

9 6

Area of shaded region= 2(∫

0
+∫
9
)

−9 0

9
0
2 2 1.5
= 2(∫
(9+ ) +∫ 2
(√9 − ) )

3 3
−9

194
 2 0 2 81 9

2
1.5
−1
=2( (9 + ) )+2× ( (√81− 2+ ( ))

3 2 3 2 9 9 0
−9

27

=2×27+2× = 27( + 2) 1
2

−1 −2
35)
Equation of line in cartesian form =
1 2
3
=

Any point N on the line N ( , 2 + 1,3 + 2)

D.r of PN (
1( −1)+2(2 −5)+3(3 −1)=0⇒ =1
IS PERPENDICULAR TO GIVEN LINE
− 1,2 − 5,3 − 1), but

Hence N(1,3,5).
Now N is midpoint of P and Q, where Q( , , , ) is image of P, 1
+1 +6 +3

∴ = 1, = 3, =5→ =1, =0, =7

2 2 2

Therefore image of P is (1,0,7) 1

0.5
0.5

1
SECTION E
The relation can be defined as | − | ≤ 6, ℎ
′
=

(i) As | − | = 0 so relation is reflexive 1

(ii) If ( , ) ∈ ⇒ | − | ≤ 6 ⇒ | − | ≤ 6 ⇒ ( , ) ∈ symmetric 1
(iii) Let ( , ) ∈ , ( , ) ∈ ⇒ | − | ≤ 6, | − | ≤ 6 ⇏ | − | ≤ 6 so this 2
relation is not transitive give example
37) (a) r=110ℎ = 110 from figure 1
(b) V =
2
ℎ = (110)
3 2
1
(c) 3
= (110) (2
2
−
3
)

For max or min =0

1
2 3
⇒2 − =0

2
⇒ =2

⇒ =
−1
√2
1
38)
(i)
1

195
(ii) 0.5

0.5

196
197