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Oop 1.3

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16 views17 pages

Oop 1.3

Presentation

Uploaded by

antarasartale11
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented

Programming Using C++


UNIT 1- PRINCIPLES OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
1.3
Contents:
1. Data types

2. Declaration of Variables

3. Constants

4. Dynamic initialization of variable

5. Reference variable

6. Type Compatibility

7. Type casting/ Type conversion


Data types:
1. A data type specifies the type of data that a variable can store.
2. Each data type requires different amounts of memory and has some specific operations
which can be performed over it.
Data type Memory Requirement Range

char 1 byte 0 to 255

int 2 or 4 byte -2147483648 to


+ 2147483647
Boolean 1 byte true or false

float 4 byte -3.4*10^38 to


3.4*10^38

double 8 byte
C++ Datatypes

2. Derived Datatypes 3. User defined Data types


1. Predefined Datatypes • These are the data types
• These are the datatypes which is • These are the data types which
which can create with the user can create as per user
already defined. help of Predefined
• E.g: int, requirement.
datatypes.
Boolean,float,double,etc • E.g:Function, Array • E.g. Class, structure, union ,etc.
pointers.
Declaration of Variable:
• Variable is a named location in a memory where a program can manipulate the data. This location is used to hold the
value of the variable.

• The value of the variable may get change in the program.

• variable might be belonging to any of the data type like int, float, char etc.

• Syntax:
datatype variable_list;

• The example of declaring the variable is given below:


• int a;
• float b;
• char c;
• Here, a, b, c are variables. The int, float, char are the data types.
Constants:
• Constants are the values that is given to identifiers, and that value not change
throughout the program execution .

• Constants are fixed values.

• There are two types to define constant:

1.By using # define.


2.By using const keyword.
• Syntax of constant using #define:

#define
#define identifier
identifier name
name value value

• Syntax of constant using const keyword:

const datatype variable name=value;


Dynamic initialization of variable:
• When the value of variable is initialized when it is declared, it is known as Dynamic initialization of variable.

• Variables are assigned value at the runtime.


Data type use here is int,it will
• Example: take 4 bytes of memory.
• int a=10; Operating system will allocate 4
bytes of memory for the variable a
.
Data type Dynamic Initialize And the dynamic initialize value
variable name her is 10, this value will be stored
value of the variable
in the 4 bytes of memory that
Operating system have allocated
for int data type.
Reference Variable:
• Reference variable is an alternate name of already existing variable.

• The operator ‘&’ is used to declare reference variable.

• It is a variable with different name but having same memory location.

• Reference variable are important for working with objects & creating dynamic,flexible
programs.

• Unlike primitive data types that hold their values directly, reference variables store the
address of the object they refer to, enabling the manipulation of objects through these
references.

• Syntax of reference variable:

datatype variablename=value; // variable declaration


datatype &reference _variable=variablename; // reference variable.
Example of Reference Variable:
#include<iostream.h>
OUTPUT
#include<conio.h> The value of the variable a is:10
OUTPUT
The value of the reference variable is: 10
void main()
{
int a=10;
int&b=a;
cout<<“The value of the variable a is:”<<a;
cout<<“The value of the reference variable is:”<<b;
getch();
};
Type Compatibility:
• Type compatibility is the process that converts the predefined data type of one variable into an
appropriate data type.

• Type compatibility is use to convert two different data type variables into a single data type to
solve mathematical and logical expressions easily without any data loss.

• Example:
• int a= 10.5;

integer data type Float data types ,


memory req- memory req- 4 bytes
4 bytes
Type casting/ Type Conversion:

• A Type casting or Type Conversion is basically a conversion from one


Primitive datatype to another Primitive data type.

• There are two types of type casting:


1. Implicit Type casting/automatic type casting
2. Explicit Type casting.
1. Implicit Type casting\ automatic type casting:
• It is an automatic type casting, compiler will automatically
change one type of data into other.

• No data loss.

• Conversion of operand i.e. lower data type to higher data


type.
Program of implicit type:
Write a program to take one input from user as int data type and one float data type. Multiply the two numbers
and the the result.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr(); OUTPUT
int a;
float b;result; Enter one integer number:4
cout<<“ Enter one integer number:”;
cin>>a; Enter one float number:3.9
cout<<“ Enter one float number:”;
cin>>b; The Multiplication of two numbers is:15.6
result=a*b;
cout<<“The Multiplication of two numbers is:”<<result;
getch();
};
2. Explicit Type casting:
• It is used to convert higher data types to lower data types.

• Loss of memory is there as higher data type is converted into lower data type.

• Explicit type conversion in C++ is the process of manually converting one data
type to another data type using casting operators.

• It is also called as typecasting.

• Syntax:
Datatype variable_name=(datatype) variable_name;
Program of explicit type conversion :
Write a program to accept one value as double int data type and explicitly convert it into integer and print the
result.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main() OUTPUT
{ Enter one double value:56.7
clrscr(); Value of double value is:56.7
double d; Value of integer value is:56
cout<<“Enter one double value:”;
cin>>d;
int a=(int)d;
cout<<“ value of double value is:”<<d;
cout<<“value of integer value is:”<<a;
return 0;
};
THANK YOU

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