Name: ________________________

End of topic test Periodic

table and Bonding
Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 60 minutes

Marks: 40 marks

Comments:
Q1.
This question is about Group 1 elements.

(a) Complete Table 1 to show the electronic structure of a potassium atom.

Table 1

Atom Number of electrons Electronic structure

Sodium 11 2,8,1

Potassium 19
(1)

(b) Why do Group 1 elements have similar chemical properties?

Tick (✓) one box.

They have the same number of

electron shells.

They have the same number of outer

shell electrons.

They have two electrons in the first

shell.
(1)

(2)

(e) How does the reactivity of the elements change going down Group 1?

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(1)
(h) Sodium fluoride is an ionic compound.

The diagram below shows dot and cross diagrams for a sodium atom and a fluorine
atom.

Complete the diagram below to show what happens when a sodium atom and a
fluorine atom react to produce sodium fluoride.

You should:
• complete the electronic structures of the sodium ion and the fluoride ion
• give the charges on the sodium ion and the fluoride ion.

(3)
Q2.
This question is about atoms.

(a) The figure below represents an atom of an element.

Draw one line from each name to the correct label.

Name Label

Neutron

Proton

D
(2)

(b) An atom of element Y has:

• an atomic number of 9
• a mass number of 19.

Give the number of electrons and the number of neutrons in this atom.

Choose answers from the box.

1 9 10 19 28

Number of electrons _______________

Number of neutrons ________________

(2)
 (e) Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

electrons neutrons protons

Isotopes of the same element have different mass numbers because the isotopes

have different numbers of _______________.

(1)

Q3.
Figure 1 shows the outer electrons in an atom of the Group 1 element potassium and in
an atom of the Group 6 element sulfur.

Figure 1

(a) Potassium forms an ionic compound with sulfur.

Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur.

Give your answer in terms of electron transfer.

Give the formulae of the ions formed.

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(5)
 (c) Sulfur can also form covalent bonds.

Complete the dot and cross diagram to show the covalent bonding in a molecule of
hydrogen sulfide.

Show the outer shell electrons only.

(2)

Q4.
This question is about fluorine.

(a) Figure 1 shows the arrangement of electrons in a fluorine atom.

(i) In which group of the periodic table is fluorine?

Group _______________________________
(1)
 (ii) Complete the table below to show the particles in an atom and their relative
masses.

Name of particle Relative mass

Proton

Neutron 1

Very small
(2)

(iii) Use the correct answer from the box to complete the sentence.

alkalis alloys isotopes

Atoms of fluorine with different numbers of neutrons are

called ________________ .
(1)

(b) Sodium reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride.

(i) Complete the word equation for this reaction.

sodium + ___________________ → ____________________

(1)

(ii) Complete the sentence.

Substances in which atoms of two or more different elements are chemically

combined are called _____________________ .

(1)
 (iii) Figure 2 shows what happens to the electrons in the outer shells when a
sodium atom reacts with a fluorine atom.

The dots (•) and crosses (×) represent electrons.

Use Figure 2 to help you answer this question.

Describe, as fully as you can, what happens when sodium reacts with fluorine
to produce sodium fluoride.

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(4)

Q5.
This question is about diamonds.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(a) Diamonds are found in meteorites.

(i) Meteorites get very hot when they pass through the Earth’s atmosphere, but
the diamonds do not melt.

high
 Diamond has a low melting point.

very low

(1)

(b) Diamonds are used for the cutting end of drill bits.

hard.

Diamonds can be used for drill bits because they are shiny.

soft.

(1)

(c) The figure below shows the arrangement of atoms in diamond.

carbon

(i) Diamond is made from nitrogen atoms.

oxygen
(1)
three

(ii) Each atom in diamond is bonded to four other atoms.

five
(1)
covalent

(iii) Diamond has a giant ionic structure.

metallic
(1)
all

(iv) In diamond none of the atoms are bonded together.

some
 (1)

Q6.
Carbon atoms are used to make nanotubes.

© Denis Nikolenko/Hemera/Thinkstock

Carbon atoms in a nanotube are bonded like a single layer of graphite.

The figure below shows the structure of a single layer of graphite.

© Evgeny Sergeev/iStock/Thinkstock

(a) Suggest why carbon nanotubes are used as lubricants.

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(2)

(b) Explain why graphite can conduct electricity.

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(2)
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) 2,8,8,1
1

(b) they have the same number of outer shell electrons

1

(c) metallic
1

(d) any two from:

• bubbles (very) quickly
• melts (into a ball)
• floats
• moves (very) quickly
allow flame
2

(e) (reactivity) increases (down the group)

1

(f) any two from:

• increasing speed of movement
• increasing rate of bubble production
• doesn’t melt → melts
• no flame → flame
or
flame → explosion
2

(g) hydrogen
1

(h) sodium ion structure 2,8

1

fluoride ion structure 2,8

allow any combination of circles, dots, crosses or
e(–)
1

+ charge on sodium ion and

– charge on fluoride ion

an answer of
 scores 3 marks
1
[12]

Q2.
(a)

do not accept more than one line from a box on the left
2

(b) (number of electrons) 9

1

(number of neutrons) 10
1

(c) Mark with part (d)

(relative atomic mass =)

allow (relative atomic mass =)

allow (relative atomic mass =) 36.387 + 2.747
1

= 39.134
1

= 39.1
allow an answer correctly calculated to 3 significant figures
from an incorrect calculation which uses the values in the
table
 1

(d) Mark with part (c)

potassium / K
allow ecf from part (c)
1

(e) neutrons
1
[9]

Q3.
(a) electrons transferred from potassium to sulfur
1

two potassium atoms each lose one electron

1

forming K+ / 1+ ions
1

sulfur atoms gain 2 electrons

1

forming S2− / 2− ions

1

(b) there are no gaps / sticks between the potassium ions and sulfide ions
1

(c) (two) shared pairs between H and S

1

rest correct - no additional hydrogen electrons and two non-bonding pairs on sulfur
second mark dependent on first
1

(d) 342
2
allow 1 mark for evidence of (2 × 27) + 3[32 + (16 × 4)]

(e) Property Explanation of property

 more than one line drawn from a variable negates the mark
2

(f) Property Explanation of property

more than one line drawn from a variable negates the mark
2
[14]

Q4.
(a) (i) 7 / seven
1

(ii) 1
do not accept –1
1
Electron
1

(iii) isotopes
1
 (b) (i) (sodium + ) fluorine → sodium fluoride
1

(ii) compounds
1

(iii) mole
1

(iv) sodium (atom) loses

1
fluorine (atom) gains
1
one electron
1
ions formed
1
allow sodium forms positive (ion) or fluorine forms negative
(ion)
allow form ionic bond
allow to gain a full outer shell of electrons
allow forms noble gas structure
max 3 if reference to incorrect particle / bonding

(v) Dissolve in water

1
High melting point
1
[13]

Q5.
(a) (i) high
1

(ii) hundred
1

(b) hard
1

(c) (i) carbon

1

(ii) four
1

(iii) covalent
1

(iv) all
1
[7]

Q6.
(a) nanotubes can slide (over each other)
allow nanotubes can roll (over each other)
1

because no (covalent) bonds between the nanotubes

accept weak forces between the nanotubes or weak
intermolecular forces
allow layers for nanotubes throughout
1

(b) delocalised electrons

accept free electrons
1

so (delocalised) electrons can move through the graphite

accept so (delocalised) electrons can carry charge through
the graphite
1
[4]
Examiner reports

Q2.
(a) The great majority of students scored both marks.

(b) The majority of students scored at least one mark, with just under half scoring both
marks.

(c) Most students could substitute the values into the equation and obtain a correct
value for the relative atomic mass. However, only about half could then give their
answer to three significant figures. Some students did not appear to understand how
to input their expression into a calculator and incorrectly calculated the value as

which gave a value of 3641.

(d) Students who had correctly calculated the relative atomic mass were less successful
at identifying the element, with some giving the response argon, and others
mistakenly using the atomic number, giving a response of yttrium.

(e) Fewer than 40% of students gave the correct answer.

Q4.
(a) (i) Fluorine is in Group 7. This was realised by most students.

(ii) Correct answers gave a combination of 1 for the relative mass of the proton
and electron for the very small particle. A large number of responses were
incorrect with students giving 0 or -1 for the relative mass of the proton.

(iii) These questions were generally well answered.

(b) (i)(ii) A significant number of responses showed confusion between the terms
fluorine and fluoride. Credit was awarded for the word equation sodium +
fluorine → sodium fluoride
Answers such as sodium + fluoride → sodium fluorine were not given credit.

(iii) Molecule was often incorrectly chosen for part (iii).

(iv) This was generally well answered. The vast majority of students scored three
marks for the idea of the transfer of an electron from the sodium to the
fluorine. Incorrectly identified particles or reference to sharing or covalent
bonds did not gain credit. Reference to the fluoride ion being the recipient of
an electron was common.

(v) A significant number of students thought that ionic substances were gases at
room temperature with low boiling points.

Q5.
 (a)(i), (b) and (c)(i), (iii), (iv) were generally well answered. A common incorrect answer for
(a)(ii) was million. In (c)(ii) about half were correct.

Q6.
(a) About half of the students gained credit, with many realising that the nanotubes
would slide over each other. However, few were able to suggest why this happens.
Some students referred to the size of the nanotubes, or their surface area.

(b) A majority of students recognised the involvement of delocalised electrons, but

fewer were able to explain why they enable graphite to conduct electricity.