Analytical Chemistry (Chem-2005)

Fall - 2023
Assignment - 1

Student Name: ________________

Please show all your work for full credit. Assignment must be submitted before the
deadline specified. Late submissions won’t be accepted.

All assignments will be thoroughly scrutinized and similarities will be considered academic
misconduct/plagiarism. All your work must be original. You must properly cite all
references/figures if you use any source/textbook/scientific literature (not common
knowledge). The consequences of academic misconduct/plagiarism are outlined in the
Georgian College Academic Policies.

1. A student prepared 630.0 ml of NaOH aqueous solution. What is the molarity (M) of the
solution if student used 16.0 g of NaOH pellets. (3 marks)

Moles= Mass/RMM Molarity = moles of solute/ L of solution

= 16.0g/40.0 g/mol Units = mol/L or M
= 0.4 mol
Molarity =1000 mL × 0.4 mol/630 mL
1L
= 0.635 M

2. 36 ml of 2.4 M KOH reacted with 12 ml of hydrochloric acid to a complete

neutralization. What is the concentration of hydrochloric acid? Express your answer in
correct units of % w/v and Normality (N). (4 marks)

Equation: KOH + HCl → KCl + H2O

Moles of KOH reacted,

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 3.6 mL × 2.4 mol/ 1000 mL = 0.0864 mol
Mole ratio KOH: HCl = 1:1 Therefore moles of HCl = 0.0864 mol
Molarity = 0.0864 mol × (1000 ml/ 1L)/ 12 mL = 7.2 M or 7.2 mol/L
M = N when n=1 example HCl, NaOH
Therefore Normality = equivalents of solute/liter of solution
N=M×n = 7.2 N

Weight %, Volume % = (mass of solute/volume of solution) x 100%

Mass of HCl = 0.0864 mol × 36.5 g/mol

= 3.154 g
% w/v = (3.154 g/12 mL) × 100%
= 26.28% w/v

3. Standard commercially available sulfuric acid is 62% (w/w) and has a density of 1.52
kg/L. Convert the sulfuric acid concentration into Molarity(M) and molality(m).
Assume density of water is 1kg/L. (4 marks)

Weight %, Wt % = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100%

Taking the volume of 1 L, the mass of solution will be 1.52 kg or 1520 g
Therefore:
62 % = (x /1520 g) × 100 % Density of water is 1 kg/L
x = 942.4 g mass of water is 1 kg and volume is 1 L
moles = 942.4 g/ 98 g/mol molality = moles of solute/kilogram of solvent
= 9.616 mol = 9.616 mol/ 1 kg
Molarity = 9.616 mol/ 1 L = 9.616 m
= 9.616 mol/L or 9.616 M

4. Determine the pH of 10−8 M Hydrochloric acid (HCl) in aqueous solution. Assume

standard conditions (25°C). (3 marks)

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 Self-ionization of pure water
2H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
At 25°C, the Kw of pure water is 10-14 therefore
Kw = [H3O+].[ OH-] = 10-14
Hence [H3O+] = 10-7 M
For pure water pH = – log (10-7) = 7
HCl is a strong acid this makes it to dissociate completely.
H2O(l) + HCl(aq) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Mole ratio of [HCl]: [H3O+] is 1:1 = 10-8 M
Addition of HCl does not affect the self-ionization of pure water
(y + 10-8). y = 10-14
y2 + 10-8y - 10-14 = 0
y = 9.512 × 10-8 Therefore [H3O+] = 10-8 + 9.50 × 10-8
= 1.0512 × 10-7
pH = - log (1.0512 × 10-7)
= 6.978

5. You have a 2.5M KOH aqueous solution and you need to convert it into Molality(m).
You know that MW(KOH) = 58.5g/mol. What information are you missing for this unit
conversion? Why? (2 marks)

We are missing the density of the solution by the assumption that the volume is 1 L. Molality is
defined as moles of solute per kilogram of the solvent. Having the Molarity as 2.5 M, the volume
to be 1 L and MW(KOH) = 58.5g/mol then the mass of KOH can be obtained. Having the
density of the KOH, we can be able to calculate the Molality or covert the Molarity to Molality.

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 6. Describe the difference between LC50 and LD50. Why is it important to know these
parameters when working with chemicals? (3 marks)

The importance of knowing these parameters when working with chemicals is that they are used
in the assessment of the toxicity of a substance and are crucial indicators of the possible risk that
a toxin poses. LC50 is used in measuring over time the acute toxicity of a substance while LD50
is employed to determine the acute toxicity of a substance at a single dose. LD is ingested while
LC dose is ingested.

Extra Credit:

In case of polyprotic acids, 2nd and 3rd steps of dissociation usually result in low ionization.
What’s the main reason for that?

This is because taking a proton out of a neutral acid molecule is simpler than taking one out of
the acid’s negatively charged conjugate base. This is a typical feature of polyprotic acids and the
ionization strength decreases noticeably with each subsequent step. The ionization constants of
these processes frequently vary by a factor of 105 and 106.

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UNITS OF CONCENTRATION

There are a number of different ways of expressing solute concentration that are commonly used.
Some of these are listed below.

Molarity, M = moles solute/liter of solution

Normality, N = equivalents of solute/liter of solution

Weight %, Wt % = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 100%

Weight %, Volume % = (mass of solute/volume of solution) x 100%

Volume %, Volume % = (volume of solute/volume of solution) x 100%

Parts per million, ppm = (mass of solute/mass of solution) x 106

molality, m = moles of solute/kilogram of solvent

mole fraction, χ = moles of solute/total number of moles

Line 51901: Line 1269020: SUTTON:FARIS:1447 SOUTH CHRISTIANA:
CHICAGO:IL:60623:347-80-4838:2/10/1988

15824 Hornbrook Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044

3124 Kilt Ct, Lancaster, CA 93535
121 Orange Ave SPACE 116, Chula Vista, CA 91911
4500 Flicker Dr, Bakersfield, CA 93309
1025 4th St, Rodeo, CA 94572
335 Tradition St, Perris, CA 92571
12928 Claremore St, Victorville, CA 92392
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2300 E Valley Pkwy SPACE 129, Escondido, CA 92027

Line 51901: Line 1269020: SUTTON:FARIS:1447 SOUTH CHRISTIANA:

CHICAGO:IL:60623:347-80-4838:2/10/1988

15824 Hornbrook Rd, Hornbrook, CA 96044

lauraseehilless@gmail.com
Ugalibeans@321
martingardu5@outlook.com

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lauraseehilless
Ugalibeans@321

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