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48 views7 pages

All Document Reader 1719533314659

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gabiequansah
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© © All Rights Reserved
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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST

COLLEGE OF DISTANCE EDUCATION


END OF FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION
DIPLOMA IN BASIC EDUCATION
DBE YR 2, 2018/2019
PHL205: CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGICAL REASONING
EXAM CODE: 01
CANDIDATE'S SIGNATURE:

Instructions:
REGISTRATION NO: TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS

1. Provide your EXAM CODE at the front page of the answer booklet. Failure to write your EXAM CODE
will result in a score of zero (0) for section A.

2. Answer ALL Questions in Section "A" in the answer booklet.

3. Answer any two (2) Questions in Section "B", in the answer booklet provided.

SECTION A
[Answer ALL Questions in this Section] (20 MARKS)
1. The woman became a worm food yesterday. This is an example of ----------------.

A. hyperbole
B. dysphemism
C. euphemism
D. innuendo
2. Did you steal the cell-phone before or after you bought the soft drink? This is an example of .

A. Sarcasm
B. Stereotyping
Hyperbole C.

D. Complex question
3. Did you say you have appreciated reading Critical thinking? This is an example of -------------------.

A. interrogative sentence
complex question B.
C. declarative sentence
D. imperative sentence
4. Pick out the odd item in the following items:
A. Innuendo
B. Emotive expression
C. Sarcasm
D. Stereotyping
5. No one on the council objected to the idea that he proposed, so everyone must think it's a great idea.
This is a case of -----------------.

A. fallacy of equivocation
B. false cause fallacy
C. appeal to ignorance
D. begging the question
6. If, moreover, the rate of return on capital remains significantly above the growth rate for an extended
period of time, then the risk of divergence in the distribution of wealth is very high. This is ----------------.

A. not an argument
B. an argument
C. an emotive expression
D. deductive and invalid
7. Which of the following sentences is not a proposition?

A. Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling


B. Your book is torn but you can still write in it
C. Critical thinking makes you very wise in life
D. Today is Sunday if and only if today is Sunday
8. Kofi owns a Mercedes-Benz. Rich people own Mercedes-Benz automobiles. Therefore, Kofi must be
rich. This argument is .

A. deductive and valid


B. inductive but strong
C. deductive and invalid
D. inductive and weak
9. All good teachers come to class on time. Professor Simpson always comes to class on time. Professor
Simpson must be a good teacher. This argument is .

A. deductive and valid


B. inductive but strong
deductive and invalid
C.

D. inductive and weak


10. Most Chinese people have dark hair. Julie has dark hair. Therefore, Julie is Chinese. This argument is
A. inductive but strong
B. deductive and invalid
C.
deductive and valid D. inductive and weak
11. Patrick got married on January 4, 2014. Patrick has not been divorced, and Patrick is not a widower.
Therefore, Patrick is not a bachelor. This argument is .

inductive but weak A.

B. inductive and strong


C. deductive and valid
D. deductive and invalid
12. Really exciting novels are rare. But rare books are expensive. So, really exciting novels are expensive.
This is a case of .

A. begging the question


B. equivocation
C. misplaced vividness
D. amphiboly
13. Kofi: Your dog just ran into our house and ransacked our kitchen! Kwame: He would never do that,
look at how adorable he is with those puppy eyes! This is a case of .

A. appeal to pity
B. slippery slope
C. red herring
D. begging the question
14. There must be some truth to the fact that global warming is a hoax because approximately 75% of
the population believes that it is a hoax! This is a case of
A. appeal to ambiguity.

B. appeal to popularity.

C. slippery slope.

D. false cause fallacy.

15. The animal shelter is a place that values animal rights and never euthanizes animals, or the animal
shelter is a place that kills innocent animals. This is a case of .

A. begging the question


appeal to ignorance B.

C. false dilemma
D. red herring
16. You should drive on the right side of the road because that is what the law says, and the law is the
law. This is a case of .

A. false cause
B. false dilemma
C. appeal to ignorance
D. begging the question
17. Ama liked playing with her brother's army toys when she was a child. Ama joined the army as an
adult. Playing with army toys makes you want to join the army. This is ---------------------
A. begging the question
B. false dilemma
C. slippery slope
D. false cause
18. Moral voluntarists give primacy to ------------------.

A. reason over desire


B. cognitive over reason
will over reason C.

D. reason over conation


19. Hedonists give primacy to ----------------
A. love
B. happiness
C. care
D. sharing
20. A theory is prescriptive if it ------------------
A. demands an ought
B. is pragmatic
C. is understandable
D. is acceptable

Section B
Answer only two questions from this section (40 Marks)
1. a. Differentiate, with one example each, between a sentence and a statement (4 Marks)
b. Explain with an example each, the following rhetorical devices: (9 Marks)
i. Sarcasm
ii. Stereotyping
iii. Hyperbole
c. Explain with one (1) example each, the following informal fallacies: (7 Marks)
i. Red herring
ii. Appeal to force
2. a. State and explain any three (3) formal fallacies. Give one example of each form (12 marks) b. With a
good example each, distinguish between a sound argument and an unsound argument fallacy.

(8 Marks)
3. a. Explain with one (1) example each, the following: (12 marks)
i. A causal claim
ii. An is-ought fallacy
iii. Fallacy of mistaking correlation for cause
b. What is the difference between circular reasoning and false dilemma? (4 Marks)
c. Explain with a good example, weak analogy. (4 Marks)
4. a. State and explain three (3) main positions that moral judgments emanate. (9 Marks)
b. Differentiate between a maxim and a value judgment (4 Marks)
c. Explain with a good example, practical rationality (3 Marks)
d. Explain legal reasoning? (4 Marks)

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