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Perception 1

Perception 1

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venkatakrishnan srinivasan
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19 views8 pages

Perception 1

Perception 1

Uploaded by

venkatakrishnan srinivasan
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Bat Bolan te factors that influence perception. perception A process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to ge ‘meaning to their emsronment. Perception, Learning and Individual Decision Making CHAPTER S189 and shiny all the time,” The Telegraph, January 23, 2016, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ food-and-crink/features/deliciously-ella:interview-new-book-Deliciously-£lla-Every-Day/; Carole Cadwalladr, "James Dyson Interview: Vacuums Are Already Smarter Than People,” The Guardian, May 9, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/09/james- dyson-interview-engineering-education.. V irgin Cola illustrates how pervasive and tricky intuitive decision making is within organizations. As we will sce later in the chapter, decision making hinges on several criteria and can be fostered through many means. To better understand what influences us and our organizations, we start at the roots of our thought processes: our perceptions and the way they affect our decision making. What Is Perception? Perception is a process by which we organize and interpret sensory impres- sions to give meaning to our environment. What we perceive can be substan- tially different from objective reality. For example, all employees in a firm may view it as a great place to work—favorable working conditions, interesting job assignments, good pay, excellent benefits, understanding and responsible man- agement—but, as most of us know, it’s very unusual to find universal agreement across people. Why is perception important in the study of Organizational Behavior (OB)? Itis important because people’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important. In other words, our perception becomes the real- ity from which we act. To understand what all of us have in common in oui interpretations of reality, we need to begin with the factors that influence our perceptions. Factors That Influence Perception Many factors shape and sometimes di in the perceiver, the object or target b perception is made (see Exhibit 5-1) ort perception. These factors can res ing perceived, or the sifuation in which the Perceiver When you look at a target, your interpretation of what you see is influenced by your personal characteristies—attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations.’ In some ways, we hear what we want to hear’ and we see what we want to see—not because it’s the truth but because it conforms to our thinking. For instance, research indicates that supervisors perceived employees who started work earlier in the day as more conscientious and therefore as higher performers; however, supervi sors who were night owls themselves were less likely to make that erroneous assumption.* Some perceptions created by attitudes like these can be coun: teracted by objective evaluations, but others can be more insidious. Consider, for instance, observer perceptions of a recent shooting in New York. There were two cyewitnesses—one said a police officer chased and shot a fleeing man; the other said a handcuffed man lying on the ground was shot. Neither perceived the situation correctly: The man was attempting 10 attack a police officer with a hammer when he was shot by another officer. 190 PART2 The Inaivieuat Factors That Influence Perception Factors inthe perceiver * Altitudes: + Motives * Interests + Experience: + Expectations i Fectors inthe siwation *Tine * Work seting = Perception | + Sccalseting — 4 Factors in the target * Novell * Metion * Sounds * Size * Background | * Proximity ssi ity Target The characteristics of the ect what we percei we don't look at targets in isolation, the rela F ground influences perception, as docs our tendons Similar things together. We can perceive menace of any group that has cleat!Y distinguishable characteristics as alike in other, often Mee 4 1 rays. Thes? ssumptions can be harmful, as when people wine eh,” ate a prejudged in the workplace even when is rot they were wet eoraned! Sometimes differences can work in our favor though, sich ore ate drawn to targets that are dlferent from what weet eee ae ben rartice Pants in a recent study respected a profemr yoy mg Pan same: pers the classroom more than the same profes dressed traditign tne sor stood out from the ner for the claro ee ceived as an individualist.” ny target also atte, fe. Because nship of a target to its back ) {© group close things a Context Context mater 00. The ie at whi il uence our attention, 25 can location, High Re {£88 objector cxent instance, you may not notice som i for ational factors Fo attend on a Saturday night. Yeti you were gy £2" 8 formal event that 1 same way for Your Monday morning manager oho IC that person dressed ia catch your attention, if the stidente de Rot normalh 8 he or she would ies Mea ae Pereeiver nor the iaget has change aly Ea” Formal at v0 Mo eay morning: Hut the situation is differen f° Pet™Een Saturday wigD! # People sre usally not ave othe actoe ay inn if fully tapes ae ence at perceptive ane MUeNCe thei yew of rel fully, awareness and objective measures on Fede guy 2m abilities.” That rere: when people are more aware gy nce OU Percent dinortio" re ata contol dhe own pep OWN racial biases, they their own biases." Let’s next conside Jove make eer’ attuned to perceisil™ O° Perens of others cone dressed 4 ieee BQ. Desebe atotion theory. attribution theory An atempt to ‘explain the ways we judge people dt ‘rently, depending on the meaning we attibute to a behavior, such as

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