4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

16. CCSS SENSE-MAKING Tamika wants to double the area of her garden by increasing the length and width by the
same amount. What will be the dimensions of her garden then?

SOLUTION:
2
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l × w. So, the area of the garden is 9(6) = 54 m .

Let x be the amount in length and width that has to be increased to double the area. Then,

Use the FOIL method to multiply the left.

Find the factors of –54 whose sum is 15.

18(–3) = –54 and –3 + 18 = 15

Write 15x as –3x + 18x.

Factor x from the first two terms and 18 from the last two terms.

Factor x – 3 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1

So, the roots are 3 and –18.

But x is a length, so it cannot be negative.

 Use the Zero Product Property.

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

So, the roots are 3 and –18.

But x is a length, so it cannot be negative.

So, x = 3.

Therefore, 3 m should be added to the length and width to double the area. The new dimensions of the garden will be
9 m by 12 m.

Write a quadratic equation in standard form with the given root(s).

17. 7

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Since there is only one root, it is a repeated root. Replace p and q with 7.

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

19.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

19.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 5.

Factor each polynomial.

21.

SOLUTION:
The GCF of the two terms is 17c. Factor the GCF.

23.

SOLUTION:
Factor out 3.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 3

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 4.
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

23.

SOLUTION:
Factor out 3.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 4.

Therefore,

25.

SOLUTION:
Factor 12c from the first two terms and –d from the last two terms.

Factor 4g + 3f from the two terms.

Therefore,

27.

SOLUTION:
Find the factors of –22 whose sum is –9.

2(–11) = –22 and 2 + (–11) = –9

Write –9x as 2x –11x.

Factor x from the first two terms and –11 from the last two terms.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4

Factor x + 2 from the two terms.
 Therefore,

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

.

27.

SOLUTION:
Find the factors of –22 whose sum is –9.

2(–11) = –22 and 2 + (–11) = –9

Write –9x as 2x –11x.

Factor x from the first two terms and –11 from the last two terms.

Factor x + 2 from the two terms.

Therefore,

29.

SOLUTION:
Here, a = 15, b = 7 and c = –2.

ac = 15(–2) = –30

Find two factors of –30 whose sum is 7.

10(–3) = –30 and 10 + (–3) = 7

Write 7x as 10x – 3x.

Factor 5x from the first two terms and –1 from the last two terms.

Factor 3x + 2 from the two terms.

Therefore,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 5

31.
 Therefore,
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

31.

SOLUTION:
Here, a = 18, b = 15 and c = –12.

ac = 18(–12) = –216

Find two factors of –216 whose sum is 15.

24(–9) = –216 and 24 + (–9) = 15

Write 15x as 24x + (–9)x.

Factor 6x from the first two terms and –3 from the last two terms.

Factor 3x + 4 from the two terms

.

Therefore,

33.

SOLUTION:
2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b)

Therefore,

35.

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 6
Factor 3 from all the three terms.
 Therefore,
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

35.

SOLUTION:
Factor 3 from all the three terms.

2
Factor 5x – 28x – 12.

Here, a = 5, b = –28 and c = –12.

ac = 5(–12) = –60

Find two factors of –60 whose sum is –28.

–30(2) = –60 and –30 + 2 = –28

Write –28x as –30x + 2x.

Factor 5x from the first two terms and 2 from the last two terms.

Factor x – 6 from the two terms.

Therefore,

37.
SOLUTION:
Factor out the GCF, 12x.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor y – 9.

Therefore,

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 7

Solve each equation by factoring.
 Therefore,

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

37.
SOLUTION:
Factor out the GCF, 12x.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor y – 9.

Therefore,

Solve each equation by factoring.

39.

SOLUTION:
Find the factors of –24 whose sum is –5.

3(–8) = –24 and 3 + (–8) = –5

Write –5x as 3x + (–5x).

Factor x from the first two terms and –8 from the last two terms.

Factor x + 3 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are –3 and 8.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 8

41.
 Therefore,
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Solve each equation by factoring.

39.

SOLUTION:
Find the factors of –24 whose sum is –5.

3(–8) = –24 and 3 + (–8) = –5

Write –5x as 3x + (–5x).

Factor x from the first two terms and –8 from the last two terms.

Factor x + 3 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are –3 and 8.

41.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 4.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 9

Use the Zero Product Property.
 Therefore, the roots are –3 and 8.
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

41.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 4.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are –2 and 2.

43.

SOLUTION:
Factor out –1.

2
Now factor 8x – 46x + 30.

Here, a = 8, b = –46 and c = 30.

ac = 8(30) = 240

Find two factors of 240 whose sum is –46.

–40(–6) = 240 and –40 + (–6) = –46

Write –46x as –40x + (–6x).

Factor 8x from the first two terms and –6 from the last two terms.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 10

 Therefore,
4-3 Solving the rootsEquations
Quadratic are –2 and by
2. Factoring

43.

SOLUTION:
Factor out –1.

2
Now factor 8x – 46x + 30.

Here, a = 8, b = –46 and c = 30.

ac = 8(30) = 240

Find two factors of 240 whose sum is –46.

–40(–6) = 240 and –40 + (–6) = –46

Write –46x as –40x + (–6x).

Factor 8x from the first two terms and –6 from the last two terms.

Factor x – 5 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are

44. GEOMETRY The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 1 centimeter longer than one side and 4 centimeters longer than
three times the other side. Find the dimensions of the triangle.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero

SOLUTION: Page 11

Let x be the length of the one of the legs. Then the length of the hypotenuse is 3x + 4 and that of the other leg is 3x
+ 3.
4-3 Solving Quadratic
Therefore, the rootsEquations
are by Factoring

44. GEOMETRY The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 1 centimeter longer than one side and 4 centimeters longer than
three times the other side. Find the dimensions of the triangle.

SOLUTION:
Let x be the length of the one of the legs. Then the length of the hypotenuse is 3x + 4 and that of the other leg is 3x
+ 3.

By the Pythagorean Theorem, the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs of a right triangle is equal to the
square of the length of the hypotenuse.

Simplify and write in the standard form of a quadratic equation.

Find two factors of –7 whose sum is –6.

1(–7) = –7 and 1 + (–7) = –6

Write –6x as x + (–7x).

Factor x from the first two terms and –7 from the last two terms.

Factor x + 1 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

But x is a length; it cannot be negative. So, x = 7.

Therefore, the lengths of the sides are 7 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm.

45. NUMBER THEORY Find two consecutive even integers with a product of 624.

SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 12
Let the numbers be 2n and 2(n + 1).
 But x is a length; it cannot be negative. So, x = 7.
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Therefore, the lengths of the sides are 7 cm, 24 cm, and 25 cm.

45. NUMBER THEORY Find two consecutive even integers with a product of 624.

SOLUTION:
Let the numbers be 2n and 2(n + 1).

Their product is 624.

Here, a = 4, b = 4 and c = 624.

ac = 4(624) = 2496

Find two factors of 2496 whose sum is 4.

52(–48) = 2496 and 52 + (–48) = 4

Write 4n as 52n – 48n.

Factor 4n from the first two terms and –48 from the last two terms.

Factor n + 13 from the two terms.

Use the Zero Product Property.

When n = 12, the numbers are 24 and 26.

When n = –13, the numbers are –24 and –26.

GEOMETRY Find x and the dimensions of each rectangle.

46.

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SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l×w.
4-3 Solving
When n Quadratic Equations
= 12, the numbers byand
are 24 Factoring
26.
When n = –13, the numbers are –24 and –26.

GEOMETRY Find x and the dimensions of each rectangle.

46.

SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l×w.

Here, l = x + 2, w = x – 2, and area = 96.

When x = –10, the dimensions of the rectangle becomes negative. So, x = 10.

The length of the rectangle is 12 ft and width is 8 ft.

47.

SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l × w.

Here, l = x + 4, w = x – 2, and area = 432.

Find factors of –440 whose sum is 2.

–20(22) = –440 and –20 + 22 = 2

When x = –22, the dimensions of the rectangle becomes negative. So, x = 20.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 14
The length of the rectangle is 24 ft and width is 18 ft.
 When x = –10, the dimensions of the rectangle becomes negative. So, x = 10.
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
The length of the rectangle is 12 ft and width is 8 ft.

47.

SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l × w.

Here, l = x + 4, w = x – 2, and area = 432.

Find factors of –440 whose sum is 2.

–20(22) = –440 and –20 + 22 = 2

When x = –22, the dimensions of the rectangle becomes negative. So, x = 20.

The length of the rectangle is 24 ft and width is 18 ft.

48.

SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l×w.

Here, l = 3x – 4, w = x + 2, and area = 448.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 15

Find factors of 3(–456) = –1368 whose sum is 2.
–36(38) = –1368 and –36 + 38 = 2
 When x = –22, the dimensions of the rectangle becomes negative. So, x = 20.

The length
4-3 Solving of the rectangle
Quadratic is 24by
Equations ft Factoring
and width is 18 ft.

48.

SOLUTION:
The area of a rectangle of length l and width w is l×w.

Here, l = 3x – 4, w = x + 2, and area = 448.

Find factors of 3(–456) = –1368 whose sum is 2.

–36(38) = –1368 and –36 + 38 = 2

When , the dimensions of the rectangle become negative. So, x = 12.

The length of the rectangle is 32 ft and width is 14 ft.

Solve each equation by factoring.

49.
SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Find factors of 12(–5) = –60 whose sum is –4.

–10(6) = –60 and –10 + 6 = –4

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 16

 When , the dimensions of the rectangle become negative. So, x = 12.

The length
4-3 Solving of the rectangle
Quadratic is 32by
Equations ft Factoring
and width is 14 ft.

Solve each equation by factoring.

49.
SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Find factors of 12(–5) = –60 whose sum is –4.

–10(6) = –60 and –10 + 6 = –4

Therefore, the roots are

50.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Factor out the GCF of the left side, 5x.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are 0 and 3.

53.

SOLUTION:
Factor out the GCF of the left side, 4.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 17

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 36.
 Therefore,
4-3 Solving the rootsEquations
Quadratic are 0 and 3.by Factoring

53.

SOLUTION:
Factor out the GCF of the left side, 4.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 36.

Use the Zero Product Property.

Therefore, the roots are 6 and –6.

Write a quadratic equation in standard form with the given root(s).

56.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 56.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 18

 Therefore,
4-3 Solving Quadratic are 6 and –6.
the rootsEquations by Factoring

Write a quadratic equation in standard form with the given root(s).

56.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 56.

57. 3.4, 0.6

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with 3.4 and 0.6.

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 19

Multiply each side by 25.

 Multiply each side by 56.

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

57. 3.4, 0.6

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with 3.4 and 0.6.

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 25.

58.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 99.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 20
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

58.

SOLUTION:
Write the pattern.

Replace p and q with

Use the FOIL method to multiply.

Multiply each side by 99.

Solve each equation by factoring.

59.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Divide each side by 5.

Find factors of 2(–3) = –6 whose sum is 5.

–1(6) = –6 and –1 + 6 = 5

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 21

 Multiply each side by 99.

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Solve each equation by factoring.

59.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Divide each side by 5.

Find factors of 2(–3) = –6 whose sum is 5.

–1(6) = –6 and –1 + 6 = 5

Therefore, the roots are

60.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Find factors of 27(5) = 135 whose sum is –48.

–45(–3) = 135 and –45 + (–3) = –48

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 22

 Therefore, the roots are

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

60.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Find factors of 27(5) = 135 whose sum is –48.

–45(–3) = 135 and –45 + (–3) = –48

Therefore, the roots are

61.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Multiply each side by 4.

Find factors of 4(–5) = –20 whose sum is 1.

5(–4) = –20 and 5 + (–4) = 1

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 23

Therefore, the roots are
 Therefore, the roots are
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

61.

SOLUTION:
Write the equation with right side equal to zero.

Multiply each side by 4.

Find factors of 4(–5) = –20 whose sum is 1.

5(–4) = –20 and 5 + (–4) = 1

Therefore, the roots are

65. DESIGN A square is cut out of the figure at the right. Write an expression for the area of the figure that remains,
and then factor the expression.

SOLUTION:
The area of the figure that remains is the difference between the areas of the square with side x units and that of the
square with side 6 units.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 36.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 24

66. CCSS PERSEVERANCE After analyzing the market, a company that sells Web sites determined the profitability
2
 Therefore, the roots are
4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

65. DESIGN A square is cut out of the figure at the right. Write an expression for the area of the figure that remains,
and then factor the expression.

SOLUTION:
The area of the figure that remains is the difference between the areas of the square with side x units and that of the
square with side 6 units.

2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 36.

66. CCSS PERSEVERANCE After analyzing the market, a company that sells Web sites determined the profitability
2
of their product was modeled by P(x) = –16x + 368x – 2035, where x is the price of each Web site and P(x) is the
company’s profit. Determine the price range of the Web sites that will be profitable for the company.

SOLUTION:
For the company not to loose money, the profit should be non-negative. That is, at least zero.

Factor out –1.

2
Factor 16x – 368x + 2035.

Find factors of 16(2035) = 32560 whose sum is –368.

–220(–148) = 32560 and –220 + (–148) = –368

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 25

 2 2 2
Use the identity a – b = (a + b)(a – b) to factor x – 36.

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

66. CCSS PERSEVERANCE After analyzing the market, a company that sells Web sites determined the profitability
2
of their product was modeled by P(x) = –16x + 368x – 2035, where x is the price of each Web site and P(x) is the
company’s profit. Determine the price range of the Web sites that will be profitable for the company.

SOLUTION:
For the company not to loose money, the profit should be non-negative. That is, at least zero.

Factor out –1.

2
Factor 16x – 368x + 2035.

Find factors of 16(2035) = 32560 whose sum is –368.

–220(–148) = 32560 and –220 + (–148) = –368

A price range of $9.25 to $13.75 will be profitable for the company.

69. GEOMETRY The area of the triangle is 26 square centimeters. Find the length of the base.

SOLUTION:

The area of a triangle of base b and height h is given by the formula

2
Here, b = x + 7, h = x – 2, and area = 26 cm .

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 26

 A price range
4-3 Solving of $9.25
Quadratic to $13.75by
Equations will be profitable for the company.
Factoring

69. GEOMETRY The area of the triangle is 26 square centimeters. Find the length of the base.

SOLUTION:

The area of a triangle of base b and height h is given by the formula

2
Here, b = x + 7, h = x – 2, and area = 26 cm .

Find the factors of –66 whose sum is +5.

(–6)(11) = –66 and (–6) + (11) = 5

Write 5x as (–6x) + (11x).

Use the Zero Product Property.

So, the roots are –11 and 6.

But when x = –11, the height of the triangle becomes negative. So, x = 6.

Therefore, the length of the base of the triangle is 13 cm.

2
79. ERROR ANALYSIS Gwen and Morgan are solving –12x + 5x + 2 = 0. Is either of them correct? Explain your
reasoning.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 27

 But when x = –11, the height of the triangle becomes negative. So, x = 6.

Therefore,
4-3 Solving the lengthEquations
Quadratic of the basebyofFactoring
the triangle is 13 cm.

2
79. ERROR ANALYSIS Gwen and Morgan are solving –12x + 5x + 2 = 0. Is either of them correct? Explain your
reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Morgan is correct. In step 3, Gwen did not have like terms in the parentheses in the third line.

6 4 2
80. CHALLENGE Solve 3x – 39x + 108x = 0 by factoring.

SOLUTION:
2
Substitute x = X. Then the equation becomes

Factor out X from the three terms.

By the Zero Product Property, either X = 0 or

2
Solve the equation 3X – 39X + 108 = 0.
Find factors of 3(108) = 324 whose sum is –39.

–12(–27) = 324 and –12 + (–27) = –39

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 28

 SOLUTION:
Morgan Quadratic
4-3 Solving is correct. InEquations
step 3, Gwen did not have like terms in the parentheses in the third line.
by Factoring

6 4 2
80. CHALLENGE Solve 3x – 39x + 108x = 0 by factoring.

SOLUTION:
2
Substitute x = X. Then the equation becomes

Factor out X from the three terms.

By the Zero Product Property, either X = 0 or

2
Solve the equation 3X – 39X + 108 = 0.
Find factors of 3(108) = 324 whose sum is –39.

–12(–27) = 324 and –12 + (–27) = –39

Therefore, the roots are 0, 3, –3, 2, or –2.

5
81. CHALLENGE The rule for factoring a difference of cubes is shown below. Use this rule to factor 40x –
2 3
135x y .][

SOLUTION:
2
First factor out the GCF 5x from the two terms.

eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 29

 Therefore,
4-3 Solving are 0, 3, –3,by2,Factoring
the rootsEquations
Quadratic or –2.

5
81. CHALLENGE The rule for factoring a difference of cubes is shown below. Use this rule to factor 40x –
2 3
135x y .][

SOLUTION:
2
First factor out the GCF 5x from the two terms.

3 3
Here, a = 2x and b = 3y. Use the rule to factor (2x) – (3y) .

Therefore,

83. CHALLENGE For a quadratic equation of the form (x – p )(x – q) = 0, show that the axis of symmetry of the
related quadratic function is located halfway between the x-intercepts p and q.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer:

Original equation is (x – p )(x – q) = 0.

Multiply.

2
x – px – qx + pq = 0
Simplify.

2
x – (p + q)x + pq = 0
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 30

The formula for axis of symmetry is

4-3 Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

83. CHALLENGE For a quadratic equation of the form (x – p )(x – q) = 0, show that the axis of symmetry of the
related quadratic function is located halfway between the x-intercepts p and q.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer:

Original equation is (x – p )(x – q) = 0.

Multiply.

2
x – px – qx + pq = 0
Simplify.

2
x – (p + q)x + pq = 0

The formula for axis of symmetry is

We have a = 1 and b = –(p + q).

Simplify.

By the definition of midpoint, x is midway between p and q.

85. CCSS ARGUMENTS Determine whether the following statement is sometimes, always, or never true. Explain
your reasoning.
In a quadratic equation in standard form where a, b, and c are integers, if b is odd, then the quadratic
cannot be a perfect square trinomial.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Always; in order to factor using perfect square trinomials, the coefficient of the linear term, bx, must
be a multiple of 2, or even.

87. SHORT RESPONSE If ABCD is transformed by (x, y) → (3x, 4y), determine the area of

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 SOLUTION:
Sample answer: Always; in order to factor using perfect square trinomials, the coefficient of the linear term, bx, must
be a multiple
4-3 Solving of 2, orEquations
Quadratic even. by Factoring

87. SHORT RESPONSE If ABCD is transformed by (x, y) → (3x, 4y), determine the area of

SOLUTION:
Here, will be a rectangle.

Determine the length and width of

The coordinates of will remain (0, 0) and the coordinates of will be

So, the width of the transformed rectangle will be 12.

Now, the coordinates of will be

So, the length of the transformed rectangle will be 16.

Therefore, the area of is 12 × 16 = 192 square units.

90. SAT/ACT If what happens to the value of c when both a and b are doubled?

A c is unchanged.

B c is halved.

C c is doubled.

D c is multiplied by 4.

E c is multiplied by 8.

SOLUTION:
3
When a is doubled, the value of a becomes 8 times the original value of a. So, when the values of both a and b are
doubled, the value of c gets multiplied by Therefore, the correct choice is D.

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