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Lesson 1-5 Operations On Rational Numbers

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81 views3 pages

Lesson 1-5 Operations On Rational Numbers

Uploaded by

mohammed.the.davinci
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Lesson 1-5: Operations on Rational

Numbers
Introduction
In this lesson, you will learn how to perform operations on rational numbers, including
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Rational numbers are numbers that can
be expressed as a fraction of two integers, where the denominator is not zero.

Learning Outcomes

- Understand and apply the rules for adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing
rational numbers.
- Simplify rational numbers.
- Solve problems involving operations on rational numbers.

Vocabulary

- Rational Number: A number that can be expressed as a/b, where a and b are integers
and b ≠ 0.
- Numerator: The top number in a fraction, representing parts of the whole.
- Denominator: The bottom number in a fraction, representing how many parts the whole
is divided into.

Key Concepts
1. Addition of Rational Numbers

- To add two rational numbers with the same denominator, add the numerators and keep
the denominator the same.
- Example: 3/5 + 1/5 = (3+1)/5 = 4/5
- To add two rational numbers with different denominators, find a common denominator,
adjust the numerators accordingly, and then add.
- Example: 1/4 + 1/6. The common denominator is 12:
1/4 = 3/12, 1/6 = 2/12, so 3/12 + 2/12 = 5/12

2. Subtraction of Rational Numbers


- Subtract rational numbers in the same way as addition. If the denominators are the
same, subtract the numerators.
- Example: 7/8 - 3/8 = (7-3)/8 = 4/8 = 1/2
- If the denominators are different, find a common denominator and subtract the
numerators.
- Example: 5/9 - 2/6. The common denominator is 18:
5/9 = 10/18, 2/6 = 6/18, so 10/18 - 6/18 = 4/18 = 2/9

3. Multiplication of Rational Numbers

- Multiply the numerators together and the denominators together.


- Example: 2/3 × 4/5 = (2 × 4) / (3 × 5) = 8/15
- Simplify the result if possible.

4. Division of Rational Numbers

- To divide by a rational number, multiply by its reciprocal (flip the second fraction).
- Example: 7/10 ÷ 2/5 = 7/10 × 5/2 = (7 × 5) / (10 × 2) = 35/20 = 7/4

5. Simplifying Rational Numbers

- Always simplify the result of any operation by dividing both the numerator and the
denominator by their greatest common divisor (GCD).
- Example: 8/12 = 8 ÷ 4 / 12 ÷ 4 = 2/3

Examples

1. Addition: 3/4 + 1/2 = 3/4 + 2/4 = 5/4 = 1 1/4


2. Subtraction: 7/6 - 1/3 = 7/6 - 2/6 = 5/6
3. Multiplication: 3/5 × 2/7 = 6/35
4. Division: 9/4 ÷ 3/2 = 9/4 × 2/3 = 18/12 = 3/2

Activity
Solve the following:
- 5/8 + 1/4
- 7/9 - 2/3
- 3/4 × 2/5
- 8/3 ÷ 4/5

Quick Review

- Rational numbers can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided by applying the
appropriate rules.
- Always simplify the result when possible.
- To divide by a rational number, multiply by its reciprocal.

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