LAN Workshop

COMP2013

Dr Linh Pham
School of Computing, Data & Mathematical Sciences
2024-3

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Western Sydney 1
Lecture-1
Introduction to LAN Workshop

References
Subject Learning Guide
Textbook chapter 1-2, 7
Dean, T (2016). Network+ Guide to Networks
Course Technology

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Western Sydney 2
Main Topics of Lecture

Introduction to the subject COMP2013 LAN

Workshop
Number Systems
Introduction to Networks
Introduction to the OSI Model
Network Devices

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Western Sydney 3
 Subject Information
References
Subject Learning Guide
Textbook chapter 1-2, 7
Dean, T (2016). Network+ Guide to Networks
Course Technology

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Western Sydney 4
Subject Teaching Team
Subject coordinator, lecturer and tutor
n Linh Pham
n E-mail: L.pham@city.westernsydney.edu.au
n Consultation: by appointment

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Western Sydney 5
Subject Web Site

Subject Website:
UWS’ e-learning (vUWS) https://vuws.westernsydney.edu.au/
Contains:
•Subject Outline
•Learning Guide
•Lecture Notes
•Practical Notes
•Self Tests
•Assignment
•Notice Board
•Related URLs (VMWare etc.)
•Other teaching materials
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Subject Textbook

Difficult to find a single textbook to

have all the topics covered!
Textbook
Greg Tomsho, (2020)
Guide to Networking
Essentials (8th Edition)
Cengage Learning

https://cengage.com.au/product/division/u
niversity/title/guide-to-networking-
essentials/isbn/9780357118283

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Western Sydney 7
Significant Reference

Mark Minasi, Kevin

Greene. Christian Booth et
al, (2014) Mastering
Windows Server® 2012
R2, Sybex

https://raghavenv12.files.wordpress.com/2
014/10/mastering-windows-server-2012-
r2-by-sybex.pdf

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Significant Reference
Regan, P. (2004). Local Area Networks. New Jersey:
Pearson Education.

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Western Sydney 9
Significant Reference
Tamara Dean (2013). Network+ Guide to Networks,
Sixth Edithion
Course Technology Press.

http://45pi.com/ebook/Network+%20Guid
e%20to%20Networks-
%206th%20Edition.pdf

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Significant Reference (cont.)
Forouzan Z. A. , (2010) TCP/IP Protocol Suite (4/E),
McGraw-Hill

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Virtual Machines
The subject uses VMware for the practical exercises
n Windows server
w Windows Server 2019
n Windows clients
w Windows 11
w Windows 10
n Linux machine (needs from week 9 and for assessment 3)
w CentOS 8 stream

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Western Sydney 12
Virtual Machines (cont..)

You can connect to the VMWare vSphere

Environment at:
https://vsphereteaching.westernsydney.edu.au/
Use you WSU Student ID and password to access
Click LAUNCH VSPHERE CLIENT (HTML5) button
Ignore any certificate warning if having any
Only in an intranet environment SSTaRS/ CDMS /
SCEM –Horizion View remote Access:
https://wsu.service-now.com/kb_view.do?sysparm_article=KB0016241
https://wsu.service-now.com/kb_view.do?sysparm_article=KB0016242

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Virtual Machines (cont..)

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Virtual Machines (cont..)

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Subject Assessments
n A1: Participation (10%): Based on your attendance and performance in
all the teaching and learning activities
n A2: Quiz (20%): Held during lecture/practical sessions of Week-7
n A3: Assignment Project (30%):

w Demonstration during Week 1 & 13 practical sessions

w Project report will be due at 17:00 PM, 31 Jan 2025

w Demo completed but no report submit will be 10% deduction from

demo portion and vice versa.
A4: Final Examination (40%): Held during University
Exam Period

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Subject Assessment (Cont.)
To achieve a passing grade you must:
n Attend mandatory assessment components, and

n Obtain a minimum mark of 50% overall

The mark of continuous assessment may be

moderated, if required, to ensure equity
across classes run by different tutors

The final mark/grade is subject to final

adjustment by School Assessment
Committee COMP2013 LAN Workshop. © University of
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COMP2013 LAN Workshop. © University of
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Subject Schedule
Week 1 Introduction
Week 2 Media, Topology & Network Technologies
Week 3 TCP/IP Addressing & Network Protocols
Week 4 Backup & Disaster Recovery, Network Threats,
Security & Prevention
Week 5 Network Operating System, Network Services
Week 6 File system
Week 7 Quiz
Week 8 Domain/Directory/User Conventions
Week 9 Group Policies, Clients Computer, and other Servers
Week 10 DHCP, FTP and Web server - Assignment Briefing
Week 11 Linux
Week 12 Network Performance & Troubleshooting and Revision
& Assignment Demonstration
Week 13 Assignment Demonstration
Week 14 Final Examination
(Subject to changes. See Subject learning guide for more details.)

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Number Systems

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Binary Number System

Represented by bits
n A bit can only be a zero (0) or a one (1)
n 2number of bits is number of values that can be
represented
w e.g. 21 = 2 values (0 or 1), 22= 4 values (00,
01,10,11)
nHow many values does 4 bits represent?
w A byte is 8 bits
nHow many values does 1 byte represent?

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Octal Number System

Represented by bits
n Has 8 digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
n One octal digit represents 3 binary bits
n e.g.
• Octal value for binary number 011 = 3
• Octal value for binary number 010 = 2
• Octal value for binary number 111 = 7

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Hexadecimal Number System
Has 16 digits (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
One hexadecimal digit represents 4 binary bits
n e.g.
Hex value for binary number 0001 = 1
Hex value for binary number 0010 = 2
Hex value for binary number 0011 = 3
Hex value for binary number 1101 = D

F
What is the Hex value for binary number 1111? ________

B5
What is the Hex value for binary number 1011 0101? ________

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ASCII Character Set
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
n represents characters (letters, numbers, punctuations
and instructions) for conveying information
n Based on 8 bits, allowing 256 different characters to be
represented
w e.g.
o The binary code 0100 0001 represents the
capital letter A
o The binary code 0110 0001 represents the
lowercase a
o Base 64? https://www.base64encode.org/

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Networking Fundamentals

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Definition of a Network

Network Services
A Network is two or more n File Sharing, Print
computers connected Sharing, E-mail,…
together to share
resources
Network Media
n Network Interface Cards
(NIC), Transmission
Media (wired and
wireless)
Network Protocols
n Rules of standards that
allow computers to
connect and exchange
information
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Types of Networks

Peer-to-Peer networks
n Has no dedicated servers
and all computers are
equal
n All computers can provide
and request services
n Resources are kept locally
and are locally managed
n Sometimes called a
workgroup

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Types of Network (Cont.)
Client/Server networks
n Client
w requests services or access to
network resources
w Sometimes called frontend
n Server
w provides a service or allows
access to network resources
w Sometimes called backend
w Server roles such as: File, Print,
Application, Mail, Fax, Remote
access, Telephone/VoIP, Web,
Proxy, Directory Service
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LANs, MANs and WANs
Local-area networks (LANs)
connect a number of
computers in a relatively
small geographical area such
as a home, an office, a
building, or a campus.
The general shape or layout
of a LAN is called its
topology.
All LANs require the
networked computers to
share the communications
channel that connects them.
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LANs, MANs and WANs (Cont.)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
n designed for a town or city.
n In terms of geographic breadth, MANs are larger
than LANs, but smaller than WANs
n MANs are usually characterized by very high-speed
connections using fibre optical cable or other digital
media

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LANs, MANs and WANs (Cont.)
A WAN is usually
segmented into multiple
LANs that make up a WAN
by inter-connected through
public networks, e.g. public
telephone system
Connections across WAN
lines may be temporary or
permanent.
WANs normally operate at
lower speeds than LANs.

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Internet
Millions of connected computing devices,
network of networks, :
n hosts = end systems
n running network apps
communication links
n fiber, copper, radio, satellite
n transmission rate = bandwidth
routers: forward packets (chunks of data)

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Internet Structure

Roughly hierarchical
at center: “tier-1” ISPs (e.g., Verizon, Sprint, AT&T, Cable
and Wireless), national/international coverage
n treat each other as equals

Tier-1
providers
Tier 1 ISP
interconnect
(peer)
privately
Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP

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 Internet Structure (cont.)

“Tier-2” ISPs: smaller (often regional) ISPs

n Connect to one or more tier-1 ISPs, possibly other tier-2 ISPs

Tier-2 ISPs
Tier-2 ISP pays also peer
Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP
tier-1 ISP for privately with
connectivity to Tier 1 ISP each other.
rest of Internet
q tier-2 ISP is
customer of
tier-1 provider Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP Tier-2 ISP

Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP

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Internet Structure (cont.)
“Tier-3” ISPs and local ISPs
n last hop (“access”) network (closest to end systems)
local
ISP Tier 3 local
local local
ISP ISP
ISP ISP

Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP

Tier 1 ISP

Tier 1 ISP Tier 1 ISP Tier-2 ISP

local
local Tier-2 ISP Tier-2 ISP ISP
local
ISP local ISP
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Simplex Vs Duplex
Simplex communication refers to
communication that occurs in one direction only.
Duplex communication is a system composed
of two connected parties or devices that can
communicate with one another in both directions.
n A half-duplex (HDX) system provides communication in
both directions, but only one direction at a time (not
simultaneously).
n A full-duplex (FDX) system, allows communication in
both directions, and, unlike half-duplex, allows this to
happen simultaneously.
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Circuit Switching: FDM and TDM
Example:
FDM
4 users

frequency

time
TDM

frequency

time
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Network Software

Network Operating System (NOS)

n special functions for connecting devices to LANs

n manage resources and services of the network

n provide network security for multiple users

n e.g. Windows NT/2000/2003/2008/2012/2016/2019

Server, Novell Netware, UNIX/Linux, Mac OS/X

Clients computers connect through client software,

shells, redirectors or requesters
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OSI Reference Model
Open Systems Interconnection reference
model
A networking reference model
Uses a layered approach
communication is separated into Seven layers
(Application, Presentation, Session, Transport,
Network, Data Link, Physical)
Each layer performs a well defined function
OSI reference model defines the functionality
provided at each layer
Does not specify services or protocols used
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OSI Protocol Stack

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Functionality at Each Layer

Application
supporting network applications:
FTP, SMTP, HTTP
Presentation
allow applications to interpret meaning of data,
e.g., encryption, compression, machine-specific
conventions: MIME, SSL
Session
synchronization, checkpoints, recovery of data
exchange: NetBIOS, SAP
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Functionality at Each Layer (cont.)
Transport
process-process data transfer:
TCP, UDP
Network
routing of datagrams from source to destination:
IP, routing protocols
Data Link
data transfer between neighboring network elements:
PPP, Ethernet
Physical
bits “on the wire”: SONET/SDH, 802.11a/b/g/n
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What is a NIC?
A network interface card (NIC)
is a device that plugs into a
motherboard and provides ports
for the network media
connections.
Works at the physical layer
It is the component that
interfaces with the local-area
network (LAN).
The following things are
important to consider when
selecting a NIC:
n The type of network
n The type of media
n The type of system bus
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Repeaters and Hubs
Repeater Works at the physical
layer
A repeater receives the signal,
regenerates it, and passes it on
Repeaters are used mainly at
the edges of networks to extend
the wire so more workstations
can be added which would
normally result in signal loss
Hubs and MAUs (Multistation
Access Units)
n Works at the physical layer
n Used to connect network
devices
n All devices receive all data
sent
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Bridges and Switches
Bridges (two ports) and switches
operate at the data link layer of
the OSI model.
The function of the bridge is to
make intelligent decisions about
whether or not to pass signals on
to the next segment of a network.
When a bridge/switch sees a
frame on the network, it looks at
the destination MAC address and
compares it to the forwarding
table to determine whether to
filter, flood, or copy the frame
onto another segment.

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Bridges and Switches (Cont.)
Switches (multi-ports) learn
certain information about the data
packets that they receive from
computers on the network.
They use this to build forwarding
tables to determine the
destination of data being sent by
one computer to another on the
network.
They help segment a network and
reduce network traffic congestion
by limiting each port to its own
collision domain.

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Routers
Routers operate at the
Network layer of the OSI
model.
They are slower than bridges
and switches but make
"smart" decisions on how to
route packets received on
one port to a network on
another port.
Routers are capable of
segmenting a network into
multiple collision domains as
well as into multiple
broadcast domains.

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Routers (Cont.)
Routers can be computers with
special network software installed on
them or they can be other devices
built by network equipment
manufacturers.
Routers contain tables of network
addresses along with optimal
destination routes to other networks.
Layer 3 Switch
n Switches data (packets) based on
Layer 3 (network) address
n Performs similar functions to a
router, however is not for wide
area connections

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Gateway

Hardware or software that links two different types of

networks together
Repackages and converts data from one network to
another
Works in all layers but usually in upper layers of OSI
model (Application, Presentation, Session, Transport)
More complex than routers and generally application
specific
n e.g, Protocol gateway, Address gateway, Format gateway, e-mail
gateway, Internet gateway
Establish and manage communication among different
types of computers
Juniper SRX210 service gateway
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Things for Next Week

Lecture 2 Media
Practical 1 Networking Fundamentals

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