THE CONTEMPORARY of global governance

WORLD (Justine Rosenberg).

 From the lens of Ritzer
CHAPTER 1 The Concept of (2008), he described this
Globalization: Is Globalization a phenomenon as the
Phenomenon? spread of worldwide
practices, relations,
What is globalization? consciousness, and
Broad and Inclusive organization of social life.
-Globalization means the onset of The interconnectedness of
the borderless world. social segments from macro
institutions to the smallest
Narrow and Exclusive sectors of the world have
-The characteristics of the coincided with the fabrics of
globalization trend include the globalization.
internationalizing of production, the
new international division of labor,  Globalization, as a theory
new migratory movements from lies in the works of many 19th
South to North, the new and 20th century scholars and
competitive environment that intellectuals like Karl Marx,
accelerates these processes, and MacKinder, and Robertson
the internationalizing of the state… who began introducing the
making states into agencies of the term “globality”.
globalizing world.  However, it was in the 1960’s
and 1970’s this term gained
 Globalization refers to a worldwide attention.
multidimensional set of  Globalization simply puts it
social processes that as a social process of
create, multiply, stretch, reshaping and remaking
and intensify worldwide the world order.
social interdependencies  The perspective of the person
and exchanges while who defines globalization
fostering in people a growing shapes its definition.
awareness of deepening
connections between the
local and the distant
(McGrew, 2003).
 Globalization as a
phenomenon gave rise to the
interconnectedness of
human society that replaced
the sovereign state system
with a multilateral system
Forces and drivers of globe. (Examples: World
globalization Trade Organization, ASEAN
Economic Community,
Economics World Economic Forum and
European Union)
Technology
Politics  Intensification and
Acceleration of human
GLOBALIZATIO activities which describes
N
the process of world and
Individuals
individual connection
and Culture works.
Institutions  Consciousness and
Environme
nt Awareness. People, as
the primary actors of
Qualities and characteristics globalization, are on the
of globalization front lines as reflected in
their experiences. Human
Globalization consciousness is critical in
 Creation and how it impact the growing
Multiplication outcomes and markets of
 Expansion and globalization.
Stretching
 Intensification and Is globalization the same as
Acceleration Westernization?
 Consciousness and - NO. The concept of
Awareness Westernization is deeply
rooted in the Western
 Creation and World where often
Multiplication of social associated with Western
networks and cultural culture and values (Sairin,
activities that break the 2011). This concept is
traditional norms and famously used in referring to
practices in the political, the Western value system and
economic, and cultural it influences countries outside
realms of most its territory and sovereignty.
communities The political, economic, and
 Expansion and technological prowess of the
stretching of social United States and European
operations and countries are best described
connections which is in the idea of
seen in the financial Westernization.
markets and trading
operations around the
CHAPTER 2 Competing the  Realists see economic
Theoretical Approaches alliances and corporations
as mediums of flourishing
Three Sociological Perspectives activities under favorable
Used in Explaining security conditions.
Globalization Economies tend to forge
partnerships if they see
 Realism advantages from other
 Liberalism countries. In some cases,
 Idealism political-military alliances are
Realism sometimes used especially
within the bipolar world where
 The realist perspective economic power is utilized to
explaining globalization strengthen military capability.
focuses on the shifting
distribution of power
Liberalism
among states (Walt, 1998
and Synder, 2004).  Liberalism is a perspective in
 They explained the core idea international relations where
of dominating the world actors and institutions
through the employment emphasize relationships
of power. and negotiations.
 However, realists warn that  Liberalists observe the
countries may suffer, and importance of interaction
struggle to maintain its power and communication and
it will be overreached and focus on solving problems
used wrongly. and conflicts affecting
 Realists argue that countries them.
open their economies to the  This idea is very evident in
world is because of two countries where democratic
contending reasons: governance and institutions
play major roles in
Financial returns of expanding
maintaining national
markets offer new economic
cohesiveness in managing
opportunities to the capitalist
domestic and international
(origin country). (Examples:
affairs.
McDonald’s, Chevron, Ford, Coca-
 Liberalists believe that to
Cola, Citibank, Microsoft, and H&M)
avoid international conflict
2. The continued centrality of
and problems, and
political power and military
negotiations and dialogues
strength are obvious forces of
are potential mechanisms in
interdependence and realistic
confronting issues among
behavior of the more and most
parties.
powerful countries.
Three Factors that describe the decisions during the state of
Transformation of Political- conflict as it advances the
Economic moral aspects and ethical
Structure and Development of dynamics of actions.
Global Interconnectedness:
Role of Ideas and Technology
 Spread of Democracy and in Globalization
Institutions
 Ideas are non-material
 Global Economic Ties
entities of culture; it
 International
embodies one’s
Organizations
perception of his social
world or environment. It
defines on how values,
norms, and beliefs are used
Idealism by governments and
institutions in hold and
 Idealists and constructivist
exercising of power (Nau,
hold the notion that values
2008).
and norms play pivotal
 Three Important
roles in sustaining and
Technological Trends that
reforming the process and
made Significant Changes
works of individuals,
in the Interaction of Nations
groups, and nations.
and People:
 Alexander Wendt and
1. Knowledge and
Hugh Ruggie are the two
technology are
most prominent founders of
significant determinants
this school of thought.
of wealth and power.
 Idealism presents the
2. The fast pace of
changing norms and
technological change
evolutions of individuals,
3. Dispersed knowledge
groups, and states with the
and technology.
goal of influencing the
 Innovation as a
dynamics and pattern of social
product of
structure.
technological
 Furthermore, they value the
advancement has
importance of
rendered national
“appropriateness” and
borders irrelevant in the
“transparency” in
international system.
reshaping and framing
Discoveries and changes
rules affecting the general
in science and
welfare of its members,
technology make
may it be individual or
markets around the
collective. Idealists emphasize
world a borderless
appropriate policies and
contact, making the
 global economic  Global governance is
structure more directed by two
intertwined. important institutions:
political and economic
Institutions and Globalization
institutions.
 Institutions consist
International institutions are
norms, set of
classified intergovernmental
activities, and
organizations that are formed
regulate structures
by national governments. These
that provide meaning
are international formal
and stability to the
organizations that set rules
social behavior of a
and with the purpose of
group (Peter, 2012).
regulating the flow of
 Norms like the rules,
communication and movement
guidelines, programs,
of resources.
and the types of
activities constitute the Chapter 3 The Practice of
operation of an Globalization
institution. They are
understood as structures Globalization in Historical
that are parts of a Perspective
society. Timeline of events
 Meyer and Rowan
(1977) describe the
formation of
institution as a
symbolic manifestation
on the needs of society.
The actions and behavior
of the group members
can change and alter the
movement of community
and its people.

 A different view
explained by Giddens
(1979), states that
institutions will not be
recognized as
institutions if they do
not shape the
behavior of
individuals.
Phases of Globalization
  For a better grasp on the
historical developments of
globalization, Thomas
Friedman described the
phases of globalization into
three periods.

Three dimensions of
globalization
 Anthony Giddens
Three Worlds and world Order
described the globalization
as intensification of  The concept of First World,
worldwide social Second World, and Third
relations. The global World was a construct of
economic activity is the the Cold War era.
most obvious face of this  There were number of
phenomenon where interpretations on the origin
economic activities have of Cold
immense effect to other
1.The conflict was cause by
global operations such as
aggressive behavior and domestic
governments, education,
policies of Soviet Union prompting
and technology.
other countries especially the US to
react.
2.The cold war was a result of
the US economic system of
expansionist-capitalism.
3.The war was a consequence of
security response from the two
countries on the power vacuum
and threat of central Europe.

First World

Powerful economies having stabl

e governments, robust financial
markets, and advanced and mod
ern infrastructures, low poverty,
and high standard of living

Second World

The idea of world order is associa

ted with role of political and milit
ary power during Cold War. The c
ommunist countries of the Secon
d World are found to be trapped
between poverty and prosperity.

Third World

Countries are described as less d

eveloped and developing econo
my or global south. Most of the c
ountries have experience colonial
ism from Western World.