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Nikita - ATS - Nandini Bhosale

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56 views5 pages

Nikita - ATS - Nandini Bhosale

Uploaded by

Rahul Kundiya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Automatic Transfer Switch Control

Panel

Nikita Namdev Mardhekar.


nikitamardhekar.sknscoe.ele@gmail.com
UG students Electrical Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering Korti, Pandharpur
Prof.S.P.God.
swapnali.god@sknscoe.ac.ino
Asst. Prof. Electrical Engineering SKN Sinhgad College of Engineering Korti, Pandharpur

ABSTRACT
This paper presents an innovative approach to develop a smart, in regions like
Nigeria, frequent power outages are common, driving the need for backup power
sources like inverters. To streamline the switch between main power and backup,
a simple yet efficient transfer switch was designed. The system, primarily
relying on relays, underwent thorough testing on a breadboard before being
soldered onto a PCB. The resulting switch boasts a 66.3% efficiency, typical for
linear power supplies, with a maximum load rating of 10 amps. This cost-
effective solution enhances reliability for both emergency and standby power
needs. Future improvements could explore switching to more efficient switching
power supplies to reduce energy loss.

Keywords : Power outage, backup power source, inverter, transfer switch, automatic switching,
relays, circuit testing, PCB, power supply unit, voltage comparator, switching system.

INTRODUCTION

An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is a device that automatically transfers a power


supply from its primary source to a backup source when it senses a failure or outage in the
primary source. An automatic transfer switch (ATS) is a self-acting, intelligent power
switching device governed by dedicated control logic. The automatic transfer switch which
is a switchgear control system, provides a functional system that offers an automatic
switching of power supply between a primary source and secondary source is generator.
The method laboring in designing the automatic transfer switch include the use of
electromechanical relay, contactor, voltage monitoring relay and delay timer relays as main
component of the system. An Automatic transfer switch is an electrical/electronic switch
that senses when the mains or public utility supply is interrupted and automatically start
up the secondary supply if the utility remains unavailable.
Parts of ATS: ATS have several parts;

Power Supply Unit: Provides the necessary power to operate the control panel
and ensures consistent voltage levels for proper functioning.

Voltage Comparator: Monitors the voltage levels from the main grid and the
backup power source (inverter) to determine when a switch between the two is
necessary.

Switching System: Utilizes relays to automatically switch between the main grid
and the backup power source based on the inputs from the voltage comparator.

Control Panel Housing: Encases and protects the components of the automatic
transfer switch, ensuring safety and durability.

Indicator Lights: Provide visual feedback on the status of the power source,
indicating whether the system is running on main grid power or backup power.

Manual Override Switch: Allows for manual control of the transfer switch in
case of emergencies or maintenance needs.

Technological aspects of ATS


Relays: The primary switching mechanism relies on relays, which are
electromechanical switches controlled by an electrical signal. These relays facilitate
the automatic transfer between the main grid power and the backup source, such as
an inverter.

Breadboard and PCB Design: The circuitry is initially tested and prototyped on a
breadboard, allowing for easy adjustments and troubleshooting. Once validated, the
design is transferred to a printed circuit board (PCB) for permanent implementation,
enhancing durability and reliability.

Power Supply Unit: The control panel includes a power supply unit responsible
for providing stable power to the circuitry. In this project, a linear 12V power
supply is utilized, ensuring consistent voltage levels for proper operation.

Voltage Comparator: A voltage comparator circuit is employed to monitor the


voltage levels from both the main grid and the backup source. This component
compares the voltages and triggers the relay switches to initiate the transfer process
when necessary.

Efficiency Considerations: The project evaluates the efficiency of the control


panel, with a focus on minimizing energy loss and optimizing performance. Future
improvements may explore the use of switching power supplies to enhance
efficiency further.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig. ATS
Block Diagram

Fig. Block Diagram Of Automatic Transfer Switch Control Panel

WORKING

When the ATS detects the existence of utility voltage, meaning that the utility
power supply is back, it commands the opening of the genset contactor to switch
the load back to the utility source.
The ATS instructs the genset turning off in certain delay time considering the
cooling process of the generator.
The operation of the ATS is designed with two possible modes, automatic and
manual, considering that the genset runs on diesel fuel.
It requires an attended operation to avoid the run-out of the fuel.
A domestic/small power customer considered in this paper consists of two
buildings.
The ATS is designed to work automatically during the week days from 07.30-
17.00 and manually during the rest of the time.
The main materials to be used in the ATS system besides the genset itself comprise
relays, contactors, an RTS DS3231 module, Arduino Nano module, and
optocoupler.
Design of Voltage Detectors It is required to check whether the power from the
utility source is available or not.
It is composed of diode rectifier RB156 type, resistor, 3 mm LED, and an
optocoupler of PC817 type.
The output voltage of the RB156 diode rectifier can be obtained by.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, this paper presents an innovative approach to developing a smart


Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to address frequent power outages,
particularly in regions like Nigeria. The ATS seamlessly switches between the
main power grid and backup sources, such as inverters, using relays for efficient
operation. Through rigorous testing and prototyping, the system demonstrates a
66.3% efficiency and a maximum load rating of 10 amps, making it a cost-
effective solution for emergency and standby power needs. Future enhancements
could focus on improving efficiency through switching power supplies. Overall,
the ATS offers a reliable and efficient solution for managing power outages and
ensuring continuous power supply.

REFERENCES
❖ JURNAL INFOKUM, Volume 10,No.3,August2022
http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/infokum/index

❖ ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences VOL. 14,


NO. 22, NOVEMBER 2019
http://www.arpnjournals.com/

❖ Arduino-based Automatic Transfer Switch for Domestic


Emergency Power Generator-Set 2018 2nd IEE

❖ International Research Journal of Engineering and


Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395- 0056 Volume: 05 Issue:
02 | Feb-2018
http://www.irjet.net/

❖ Development of Automatic Switch for Electric Power Transfer.


Eng. Proc.2021
https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021012072

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