Computer Networks

Lecture 1
By: Dr. Dina Fawzy
dina.fawzy@cis.asu.edu.eg

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Course Resource
• Text Book:
• Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition,
Addison-Wesley, 2012
• Book chapters:
1. Chapter 1: Introduction to computer networks and Internet
2. Chapter 2: Application Layer
3. Chapter 3: Transport Layer
4. Chapter 4: Network Layer
5. Chapter 5: Link Layer

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Lecture Agenda
• Introduction to computer networks
• Types of networks
• The Internet
• what’s a protocol?
• Internet History
• Internet Future
• Access Networks

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to computer networks
• A computer network is a system that connects many independent
computers/devices to share information/data and resources.
• The integration of computers and other different devices can be
established using either cable or wireless media.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Networks
1. Personal Area Network (PAN)
2. Local Area Network (LAN)
3. Campus Area Network (CAN)
4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
5. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Networks
1. PAN is the most basic type of computer network. It is a type of
network designed to connect devices within a short range, typically
around one person. It allows your personal devices, like
smartphones, tablets, laptops, and wearables, to communicate and
share data with each other.
2. LAN is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer
network that connects computers through a common
communication path, contained within a limited area, that is,
locally. A LAN offers network within a building.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Networks
3. CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN. This is a type of
computer network that is usually used in places like a school or colleges.
This network covers a limited geographical area that is, it spreads across
several buildings within the campus.
4. MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. This is the type of
computer network that connects computers over a geographical distance
through a shared communication path over a city, town, or metropolitan
area.
5. WAN is a type of computer network that connects computers over a
large geographical distance through a shared communication path. It is
not restrained to a single location but extends over many locations. WAN
can also be defined as a group of local area networks that communicate
with each other with a range above 50km.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
PAN LAN CAN

MAN

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Networks

WAN

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Networks
Parameters WAN MAN CAN LAN PAN

Metropolitan Area
Full Name Wide Area Network Campus Area Network Local Area Network Personal Area Network
Network

Technology Leased Line, Dial-Up FDDI, CDDi. ATM Ethernet & Wifi Ethernet & Wifi Bluetooth, IrDA,Zigbee

Range Above 50 km 5-50 km 1 – 5 km Upto 2km 1-100 m

Transmission Speed Low Average High Very High Very High

Ownership Private or Public Private or Public Private Private Private

Maintenance Very Difficult Difficult Moderate Easy Very Easy

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer
Cost Very High Networking:
HighA Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Moderate Low Very Low
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
• The Internet is a network of networks.
• The Internet is a computer network that interconnects billions of
computing devices throughout the world.
• Internet is a Wide Area Network (WAN)

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
mobile network

Network ( Internet) Components: global ISP

1. Network edges: computing devices or hosts or
end-systems home
2. Network links and physical media: wired network
regional ISP
(fiber and copper) and wireless (radio and
satellite) communication links
3. Network core: interconnected
routers/switches or network of networks
4. Protocols
5. Applications institutional
network
6. Hardware and Software
Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer
Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
• Computing devices are traditional and non-traditional.
• Traditional devices like: desktop PCs, Linux workstations, and servers
that store and transmit information.
• Non-traditional devices like: Internet “things” such as laptops,
smartphones, tablets, TVs, gaming consoles, watches, eye glasses,
cars, traffic control systems and more are being connected to the
Internet.
• Any device connected to the network with a micro-processor is called
host or end system.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
• End systems are connected together by a network of communication
links or physical media.
• There are many types of communication links, which are made up of
different types of physical media, including: copper wire, optical
fiber, and radio spectrum.
• Different links can transmit data at different rates, with the
transmission rate of a link measured in bits/second.
• When one end system has data to send to another end system, the
sending end system segments the data and adds header bytes to each
segment, which called “packets” which are reassembled into the
original data.
Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer
Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
• A switch or packet switch takes a packet of data arriving on one of its
incoming communication links and forwards that packet on one of its
outgoing communication links.
• Packet switches come in many shapes, but the most prominent are
routers and switches.
• Switches are used for forwarding packets between the one network,
while routers are typically used for forwarding packets between
different networks.
• The sequence of communication links and packet switches traversed
by a packet from the sending end system to the receiving end system
is known as a route or path through the network.
Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer
Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Introduction to the Internet
• End systems access the Internet through Internet Service Providers
(ISPs).
• Each ISP in itself is a network of packet switches and communication
links.
• The Internet is all about connecting end systems to each other, so the
ISPs that provide access to end systems must also be interconnected.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
What Is a Protocol?
• A protocol defines the format and the order of messages exchanged
between two or more communicating entities, as well as the actions
taken on the transmission and/or receipt of a message or other event.
• All activities in the Internet that involves two or more communicating
remote entities is governed by a protocol.
• The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol
(IP) are two of the most important protocols in the Internet.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
What Is a Protocol?

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Internet History
• 1961: Kleinrock - queueing theory shows effectiveness of packet-
switching
• 1964: Baran - packet-switching in military nets
• 1983: deployment of TCP/IP
• 1982: smtp e-mail protocol defined
• 1983: DNS defined for name-to-IP-address translation

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Internet Future

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Access Networks mobile network

global ISP
• Access networks are the communication networks that
connect end-user devices, such as computers,
smartphones and tablets to the internet. home
network
• Types of access networks: regional ISP

1. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

2. Institutional or Enterprise Access Networks
(Ethernet)
3. Mobile Access Networks

institutional
network

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
• Both of voice and data are transmitted over the telephone line to central office DSLAM
•Data (digital) over DSL phone line goes to Internet
•Voice (analog) over DSL phone line goes to telephone net

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): different channels transmitted in different frequency bands

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet)
• Local Area Network (LAN) or Ethernet connects many sub-
networks and servers via interconnected switches then in turn
connected into the larger Internet.
• With Ethernet access, users typically have 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps
access to the Ethernet switch.
• Switches can deploy: Firewall, proxy, etc.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Enterprise Access Networks (Ethernet)

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Mobile Access Networks
• Different devices are connected wireless to the base-station that
transmit digital data (electro-magnetic radio waves) to the router.

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
Types of Access Networks Figure

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012
 Any Question?
Thank you

Book Reference: Jim Kurose, Keith Ross, “ Computer

Networking: A Top Down Approach”, 6th edition, Addison-
Wesley, 2012