දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -

ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

01. The Tenses

(i). Active Voice
Tense Examples
1.The Simple Present Tense writes/write
சாதாரணமாக அன் றாடம் சசய் யப்படும் He writes books. (S)
சசயல் கள் . They write books. (P)
2.The Simple Past Tense wrote
(Finished Action) சசய் து முடித்த சசயல் கள He wrote books.
They wrote books.
3.The Simple Future Tense will/shall write
சசய் வார்/சசய் வவன் . He will write books.
They will write books.
4.The Present Continuous Tense am / is /are writing
சசய் துக்சகாண்டு இருக்கிவறன் . He is writing books.
They are writing books.
5.The Past Continuous Tense was/were writing
சசய் துக்சகாண்டு இருந்வதன் . He was writing books.
They were writing books.
6.The Future Continuous Tense will/shall be writing
சசய் துக்சகாண்டு இருப்வபன் . He will be writing books.
They will be writing books.
7.The Present Perfect Tense has/have written
சசய் திருக்கிறான் . He has written books.
They have written books.
8.The Past Perfect Tense had written
சசய் திருந்தான் . He had written books.
They had written books.
9.The Future Perfect Tense will/shall have written
சசய் திருப்பான் . He will have written books.
They will have written books.
10.The Present Perfect Continuous Tense has/have been writing
சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்திருக்கிறான் . He has been writing books.
இன் னும் அச்சசயல் சதாடர்கிறது. They have been writing books.
11.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense had been writing
சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்திருக்கிறான் . He had been writing books.
தற் வபாது இல் லல. They had been writing books.
12.The Future Perfect Continuous Tense will/shall have been writing
சசய் துசகாண்டு இருப்பான் . He will have been writing books.
They will have been writing books.

1|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

01. The Simple Present Tense (sweeps/sweep)

 When to use the simple present tense
1. To talk about things in general. (அன் றாடம் நலடசபறும் சாதாரண
நிகழ் வுகலள கூறுவது.)
2. To talk about habitual actions. (பழக்கப்பட்ட விடயங் கலள எடுத்து
கூறுதல் )

 The following adverbs can be used with the simple present tense.

Adverbs 01

(i) always எப்வபாதும் Ex: I always get up early.

(ii) often- அடிக்கடி Ex: We often advise him.
(iii) usually- சாதாரணமாக Ex: He usually reads books.
(iv) sometimes-சிலவநரம் Ex: I sometimes go to bed early.
(v) rarely-அரிதாக Ex: We rarely go on a trip.
(vi) seldom-மிக அரிதாக Ex: I seldom get angry.
(vii) never- ஒருவபாதும் இல் லல Ex: I never smoke.

Adverbs 02

• normally- சாதாரணமாக • once a day- ஒரு நாலளக்கு ஒரு முலற

• every morning-தினமும் அதிகாலலயில்• once a week ஒரு கிழலமக்கு ஒரு
• every afternoon- ஒவ் சவாரு பகலிலும் முலற
• every evening- ஒவ் சவாரு மாலலயிலும்
• once a month- மாதத்துக்கு ஒரு முலற
• everyday-தினமும் • once a year-வருடத்துக்கு ஒரு முலற
• every week- ஒவ் சவாரு கிழலமயும் • once in two weeks-இரண்டு
• every month-ஒவ் சவாரு மாதமும் கிழலமக்கு ஒரு முலற
• every year-ஒவ் சவாரு வருடமும்
• once in two years-இரண்டு
• every time-எந்த வநரமும்
வருடத்துக்கு ஒரு முலற
• every night-ஒவ் சவாரு இரவும்
• once in two months-இரண்டு
• every Sunday-ஒவ் சவாரு ஞாயிறும்
மாதத்துக்கு ஒரு முலற

2|Page

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Ex:
• She goes to work everyday.
• Everyday, I advise him.
• He watches TV all the time.
• We go on a trip once a year.
• Every night, She calls me.
• We have a meeting every Monday.

1.I.PositiveForm ( சசய் வார்) Adding ‘S’ sound to a verb

Spelling
1) He watches TV.
1. o,ch,sh,ss,x at the end – es
2) She reads books.
3) The boy helps us, Ex: go – goes
4) Ramesh works hard.
catch – catches
5) It rains in Colombo.
6) They advise you. push – pushes
7) You feed those children.
pass – passes
8) The students criticise the principal.
9) They teach English. mix - mixes
10) They sell computers.
2. Consonant + y the end-ies
Ex: supply-supplies
cry-cries
identify-identifies
study-studies
fly-flies
3. For others - s
Ex: run-runs
play-plays
eat-eats
swim-swims
take-takes

3|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

1.II. Positive Question- சசய் வாரா?

1) Does he watch TV?
2) Does she read books?
3) Does the boy help us?
4) Does Ramesh work hard?
5) Does it rain in Colombo?
6) Do they advise you?
7) Do you feed those children?
8) Do the students criticise the principal?
9) Do they teach English?
10) Do they sell computers?

1.III. Negative Form- சசய் ய மாட்டார்

1) He does not(doesn’t) watch TV.
2) She does not (doesn’t) read books.
3) The boy does not(doesn’t) help us.
4) Ramesh does not (doesn’t) work hard.
5) It does not(doesn’t) rain in Colombo.
6) They do not(don’t) advise you.
7) You do not(don’t) feed those children.
8) The students do not(don’t) criticise the principal.
9) They do not(don’t) teach English.
10) They do not(don’t) sell computers.

1.IV. Negative Question- சசய் ய மாட்டாரா?

1) Does he not watch TV?
Doesn’t he watch TV?
2) Does she not read books?
Doesn’t she read books?
3) Does the boy not help us?
Doesn’t the boy help us?
4) Does Ramesh not work hard?
Doesn’t Ramesh work hard?
5) Does it not rain in Colombo?
Doesn’t it rain in Colombo?
6) Do they not advise you?
Don’t they advise you?

4|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

7) Do you not feed those children?

Don’t you feed those children?
8) Do the students not criticise the principal?
Don’t the students criticise the principal?
9) Do they not teach English?
Don’t they teach English?
10) Do they not sell computers?
Don’t they sell computers?

Summary
From Singular Plural
Positive Form She writes a book. They work hard.

Positive Question Does she write a book? Do they work hard?

Negative Form She does not(doesn’t) write a book. They do not(don’t) work
hard.
Negative Does she not write a book? Do they not work hard?
Question Doesn’t she write a book? Don’t they work hard?

5|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

02. The Simple Past Tense (swept)

Finished Action (சசய் து முடித்த சசயல் )
 The following Adverbs can be used with the Simple past tense.

• last night-வநற் று இரவு

• yesterday- வநற் று
• the day before yesterday-வநற் று முன் தினம்
• two days before yesterday-இரண்டு நாலளக்கு முன்
• last week-வபான கிழலம
• last month-சசன் ற மாதம்
• last year-சசன் ற வருடம்
• last time- சசன் ற தடலவ
• last Sunday-சசன் ற ஞாயிறு
• last morning-வநற் று காலல
• last afternoon-வநற் று மத்தியானம்
• last evening-வநற் று மாலல

Regular and Irregular verbs -மாறாத விலனச் சசாற் களும்

மாறும் விலனச் சசாற் களும்

Regular verbs
Irregular verbs
Infinitive Past Past
Simple Participle Infinitive Past Past
මූලික අතීත PP simple participle
help helped helped මූලික අතීත PP
dance danced danced go went gone
close closed closed cut cut cut
cry cried cried sleep slept slept
stop stopped stopped do did done
have had had

6|Page

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

02.I. Positive Form ( சசய் தார்)

01). He watched TV.
02). She read books.
03). The boy helped us.
04). Ramesh worked hard.
05). It rained in Colombo.
06). They advised you.
07). You fed those children.
08). The student criticized the principal.
09). They taught English.
10). They sold computers.
02.II. Positive Question Form ( சசய் தாரா?)
01). Did he watch TV?
02). Did she read books?
03). Did the boy help us?
04). Did Ramesh work hard?
05). Did it rain in Colombo?
06). Did they advise you?
07). Did you feed those children?
08). Did the students criticize the principal?
09). Did they teach English?
10). Did they sell computers?
02.III. Negative Form (சசய் யவில் லல)
01). He did not (didn’t)watch TV.
02). She did not (didn’t) read books.
03). The boy did not (didn’t) help us.
04). Ramesh did not(didn’t) work hard.
05). It did not (didn’t) rain in Colombo.
06). They did not (didn’t)advise you.
07). You did not (didn’t) feed those children.
08). The students did not (didn’t)criticize the principal.
09). They did not (didn’t) teach English.
10). They did not (didn’t) sell computers.

7|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

02.IV. Negative Question Form (சசய் யவில் லலயா?)

01). Did he not watch TV?

Didn’t he watch TV?
02). Did she not read books?
Didn’t she read books?
03). Did the boy not help us?
Didn’t the boy help us?
04). Did Ramesh not work hard?
Didn’t Ramesh work hard?
05). Did it not rain in Colombo?
Didn’t it rain in Colombo?
06). Did they not advise you?
Didn’t they advise you?
07). Did you not feed those children?
Didn’t you feed those children?
08). Did the students not criticize the principal?
Didn’t the students criticize the principal?
09). Did they not teach English?
Didn’t they teach English?
10). Did they not sell computers?
Didn’t they sell computers?

Summary
Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She wrote a book. They worked hard.

Positive Question Did she write a book? Did they work hard?
Negative Form She did not (didn’t) write a book. They did not (didn’t) work
hard.
Negative Did she not write a book? Did they not work hard?
Question Didn’t she write a book? Didn’t they work hard?

8|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

03.The Simple Future Tense (will/shall sweep)

 When to use the simple future tense:
01. To talk about predictions.
Ex: He’ll pass the exam.
They’ll help you.
02. To talk about a decision made at the moment of speaking.
Ex: I’ll go and meet him.
I’ll call him.
 The following adverbs can be used with the simple future tense.

• tonight - අද රෑ Ex:
• tomorrow
→ I’ll call you next week.
• the day after tomorrow -நாலள மறுதினம்
→ He’ll meet me next Monday.
• two days after tomorrow -
→ She’ll pass the exam next time.
• next Monday
• next week
• next month
• next year
• next time அடுத்த முலற

will/shall
01). I will/shall (I’ll) help you.
02). We will/shall (We’ll) meet you.
03). He will (He’ll) advise you.
04). She will (She’ll) pass the exam.
05). They will (They’ll) go home.
06). It will (It’ll) rain today.
07). You will (You’ll) understand this.
08). Gayan will come today.

9|Page
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

03.I. Positive Form(சசய் வார்/ சசய் வவன் )

01). He will (He’ll) watch TV.
02). She will (She’ll) read books.
03). The boy will help us.
04). Ramesh will work hard.
05). It will (It’ll) rain in Colombo.
06). They will (They’ll) advise you.
07). You will (You’ll) feed those children.
08). The students will criticise the principal.
09). They will teach English.
10). We shall meet tomorrow.

03.II. Positive Question Form (சசய் வாரா/ சசய் யட்டுமா?)

01). Will he watch TV?
02). Will she read books?
03). Will the boy help us?
04). Will Ramesh work hard?
05). Will it rain in Colombo?
06). Will they advise you?
07). Will you feed those children?
08). Will the students criticize the principal?
09). Will they teach English?
10). Shall we meet tomorrow?

03.III. Negative Form- (சசய் ய மாட்டார்.)

01). He will not (won’t) watch TV.
02). She will not (won’t) read books.
03). The boy will not (won’t) help us.
04). Ramesh will not (won’t) work hard.
05). It will not (won’t) rain in Colombo.
06). They will not (won’t) advise you.
07). You will not (won’t) feed those children.
08). The students will not (won’t) criticise the principal.
09). They will not (won’t) teach English.
10). We shall not(shan’t) meet tomorrow.
10 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

03.IV. Negative Question - சசய் ய மாட்டாரா?

01). Will he not watch Tv?
Won’t he watch Tv?
02). Will she not read books?
Won’t she read books?
03). Will the boy not help us?
Won’t the boy help us?
04). Will Ramesh not work hard?
Won’t Ramesh work hard?
05). Will it not rain in Colombo?
Won’t it rain in Colombo?
06). Will they not advise you?
Won’t they advise you?
07). Will they not feed those children?
Won’t they feed those children?
08). Will the students not criticise the principal?
Won’t the students criticise the principal?
09). Will they not teach English?
Won’t they teach English?
10). Shall we not meet tomorrow?
Shan’t we meet tomorrow?

Summary
Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She will write a book. They will work hard.

Positive Question Will she write a book? Will they work hard?

Negative Form She will not write a book. They will not(won’t) work
She won’t write a book. hard.
Negative Question Will she not write a book? Will they not work hard?
Won’t she write a book? Won’t they work hard?

11 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

04.The Present Continuous Tense (am/is/are sleeping)

-ing verb
read - reading fly-flying
1 sleep-sleeping 2 study-studying
teach-teaching supply-supplying
dance- dancing agree-agreeing
3 take-taking 4 see-seeing
have-having be-being
run-running lie-lying
5 stop-stopping 6 tie-tying
swim-swimming die-dying

 When to use the present continuous tense

a) For an action happening now at the time of speaking.
Ex: I’m writing a letter.
We are watching TV.
b) For an action happening about this time.
Ex: We are painting our house these days.
She is studying for the exam these days.

c) For planned Future (Definite arrangement in the near future.)

Ex: I’m going to meet her tomorrow.
She is sitting for the exam this year.
We are meeting the chairman tomorrow.

The following adverbs can be used with the Present Continuous tense.
• at the moment-இத்தருணத்தில்
• just now- இவதா இப்வபாது
• now-இப்வபாது
• right now-
12 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

04 I. Positive Form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கிறார்

1) He is watching TV.
2) She is reading books.
3) The boy is helping us.
4) Ramesh is working hard.
5) It is raining in Colombo.
6) They are advising you
7) You are feeding those children.
8) The students are criticising the principal.
9) They are teaching English.
10) They are selling computers.

04 II. Positive Question Form-சசய் துசகாண்டா இருக்கிறார்?

1) Is he watching TV?
2) Is she reading books?
3) Is the boy helping us?
4) Is Ramesh working hard?
5) Is it raining in Colombo?
6) Are they advising you?
7) Are you feeding those children?
8) Are the students criticising the principal?
9) Are they teaching English?
10) Are they selling computers?

04 III. Negative Form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கவில் லல.

1) He is not (isn’t) watching TV.
2) She is not (isn’t) reading books.
3) The boy is not (isn’t) helping us.
4) Ramesh is not (isn’t) working hard.
5) It is not (isn’t) raining in Colombo.
6) They are not (aren’t) advising you.
7) You are not (aren’t) feeding the children.
8) The students are not (aren’t) criticising the principal.
9) They are not (aren’t) teaching English.
10) They are not (aren’t) selling computers.

13 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi ,BA in English(Sp),University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

04 IV. Negative Question Form-சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கவில் லலயா

1) Is he not watching TV?

Isn’t he watching TV?
2) Is she not reading books?
Isn’t she reading books?
3) Is the boy not helping us?
Isn’t boy helping us?
4) Is Ramesh not working hard?
Isn’t Ramesh working hard?
5) Is it not raining in Colombo?
Isn’t it raining in Colombo?
6) Are they not advising you?
Aren’t they advising you?
7) Are you not feeding those children?
Aren’t you feeding those children?
8) Are the students not criticising the principal?
Aren’t the students criticising the principal?
9) Are they not teaching English?
Aren’t they teaching English?
10) Are they not selling computers?
Aren’t they selling computers?

Summary
Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She is writing a book. They are working hard.

Positive Question Is she writing a book? Are they working hard?

Negative Form She is not(isn’t) writing a book. They are not (aren’t)working
hard.

Negative Question Is she not writing a book? Are they not working hard?
Isn’t she writing a book? Aren’t they working hard?

14 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

05.The Past Continuous Tense (was/were sleeping)

 When to use the past continues tense.
Used to refer to a past action which continues for some time.

Ex: I was writing a letter.

She was preparing lunch.
We were discussing the matter.

05 I. Positive Form (சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்தார்)

1) He was watching TV at that time.
2) She was reading a book.
3) The boy was helping us.
4) Ramesh was working hard.
5) It was raining in Colombo.
6) They were advising you.
7) You were feeding those children.
8) The students were criticising the principal.
9) They were teaching English.
10) They were selling computers.

05 II. Positive Question Form (சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்தாவரா?)

1) Was he watching TV at that time?
2) Was she reading a book?
3) Was the boy helping us?
4) Was Ramesh working hard?
5) Was it raining in Colombo?
6) Were they advising you?
7) Were you feeding those children?
8) Were the students criticising the principal?
9) Were they teaching English?
10) Were they selling computers?

15 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

05 III. Negative Form (சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்கவில் லல.)

1) He was not (wasn’t) watching TV at that time.
2) She was not (wasn’t) reading a book.
3) The boy was not (wasn’t) helping us.
4) Ramesh was not (wasn’t) working hard.
5) It was not (wasn’t) raining in Colombo.
6) They were not (weren’t) advising you.
7) They were not (weren’t) feeding the children.
8) You were not(weren’t) criticising the principal.
9) The students were not (weren’t) teaching English.
10) They were not (weren’t) selling computers.

05 IV. Negative Question Form (சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்கவில் லலவயா)

1) Was he not watching TV?

Wasn’t he watching TV?
2) Was she not reading a book?
Wasn’t she reading a book?
3) Was boy not helping us?
Wasn’t boy helping us?
4) Was Ramesh not working hard?
Wasn’t Ramesh working hard?
5) Was it not raining in Colombo?
Wasn’t it raining in Colombo?
6) Were they not advising you?
Weren’t they advising you?
7) Were you not feeding those children?
Weren’t you feeding those children?
8) Were the students not criticising the principal?
Weren’t the students criticising the principal?
9) Were they not teaching English?
Weren’t they teaching English?
10) Were they not selling computers?
Weren’t they selling computers?

16 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Summary
Form Singular Plural
Positive Form She was writing a book. They were working hard.

Positive Question Was she writing a book? Were they working hard?

Negative Form She was not (wasn’t) writing They were not working hard.
a book? They weren’t working hard.
Negative Was she not writing a book? Were they not working hard?
Question Wasn’t she writing a book? Weren’t they working hard?

17 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

06.The Future Continuous Tense (will/shall be

sleeping)
When to use the future continuous tense.
➢ To refer to a continuous action in the future.
Ex:
o I’ll be working this time tomorrow.
o Don’t phone me between 7 and 8. We’ll be having dinner then.

06 I. Positive Form (சசய் துசகாண்டிருப்பர்.)

1) He’ll be watching TV then.
2) She will be reading a book.
3) The boy will be helping us.
4) Ramesh will be working hard.
5) It will be raining in Colombo.
6) They will be advising you.
7) You will be feeding those children.
8) The students will be criticising the principal.
9) They will be teaching English.
10) They will be selling computers.

06 II. Positive Question Form

(சசய் துசகாண்டிருப்பரா?)
1) Will he be watching TV then?
2) Will she be reading a book?
3) Will the boy be helping us?
4) Will Ramesh be working hard?
5) Will it be raining in Colombo?
6) Will they be advising you?
7) Will you be feeding those children?
8) Will the students be criticising the principal?
9) Will they be teaching English?
10) Will they be selling computers?

18 | P a g e

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

06 III. Negative Form ( சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்க மாட்டார்)

1) He will not (won’t) be watching TV then.
2) She will not (won’t) be reading a book.
3) The boy will not (won’t) be helping us.
4) Ramesh will not (won’t) be working hard.
5) It will not (won’t) be raining in Colombo.
6) They will not (won’t) be advising you.
7) You will not (won’t) be feeding those children.
8) The students will not (won’t) be criticising the principal.
9) They will not (won’t) be teaching English.
10) They will not (won’t) be selling computers.

06 IV. Negative Question Form

சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்க மாட்டாவரா?

1) Will he not be watching TV then?

Won’t he be watching TV then?

2) Will she not be reading a book?

Won’t she be reading a book?

3) Will the boy not be helping us?

Won’t the boy be helping us?

4) Will Ramesh not be working hard?

Won’t Ramesh be working hard?

5) Will it not be raining in Colombo?

Won’t it be raining in Colombo?

6) Will they not be advising you?

Won’t they be advising you?
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
7) Will you සංගෙය
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ not be
feeding those children?
Won’t you be feeding those children?

19 | P a g e
ka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
 8) Will the students not be criticising the principal?
Won’t the students be criticising the principal?

9) Will they not be teaching English?

Won’t they be teaching English?

10) Will they not be selling computers?

Won’t they be selling computers?

Summary

Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She will be writing a book. They will be working hard.

Positive Question Will she be writing a book? Will they be working hard?

Negative Form She will not (won’t) be They will not be working hard.
writing a book.
Negative Question Will she not be writing a Will they not be working hard?
book? Won’t they be working hard?
Won’t she be writing a book?

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

20 | P a g e
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

07.The Present Perfect Tense (has/have swept)

 When to use the present perfect tense

→ To talk about past events with results in the present. (Recent past)
Ex: The taxi has arrived (It’s waiting at the gate)
Romesh has gone out (He is not at home now.)

 The following adverbs can be used with the present perfect

tense.
• already-ஏற் சகனவவ
• ever-என் றாவது
• just now-சற் று முன்
• never-ஒருவபாதும் இல் லல
• not yet- இன் னும் இல் லல
• so far -இதுவலர
• till now-இப்வபாது வலர
• up to now- இப்வபாது வலர
Ex:
o He has already arrived.
o Have you ever eaten beef?
o They have just arrived.
o We have never seen her.
o He hasn’t arrived yet.
o We haven’t done anything so far.
o They haven’t told me till now.
o We have completed 3 lessons up to now.

07 I. Positive Form ( செய் திருக்கிறார்)

1) He has watched TV.
2) She has read that book.
3) The boy has helped us.
4) Ramesh has worked hard.
5) It has rained in Colombo.
6) They have advised you.
7) You have fed those children.
8) The students have criticised the principal.
9) They have taught us English.
10) They have sold computers.
21 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

07 II. Positive Questions ( சசய் திருக்கிறாரா)

1) Has he watched TV?
2) Has she read that book?
3) Has the boy helped us?
4) Has Ramesh worked hard?
5) Has it rained in Colombo?
6) Have they advised you?
7) Have you fed those children?
8) Have the students criticised the principal?
9) Have they taught us English?
10) Have they sold computers?

07 III. Negative Form (சசய் யவில் லல)

1) He has not(hasn’t) watched TV.
2) She has not(hasn’t)read that book.
3) The boy has not (hasn’t) helped us.
4) Ramesh has not (hasn’t) worked hard.
5) It has not (hasn’t)rained in Colombo.
6) They have not(haven’t) advised you.
7) You have not(haven’t) fed those children.
8) The students have not (haven’t)criticised the principal.
9) They have not(haven’t) taught us English.
10) They have not (haven’t) sold computers.

07 IV. Negative Question Form சசய் யவில் லலயா?

1) Has he not watched TV?
Hasn’t he watched TV?
2) Has she not read that book?
Hasn’t she read that book?
3) Has the boy not helped us?
Hasn’t the boy helped us?
4) Has Romesh not worked hard?
Hasn’t Romesh worked hard?
5) Has it not rained in Colombo?
Hasn’t it rained in Colombo?

22 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

6) Have they not advised you?

Haven’t they advised you?
7) Have you not fed those children?
Haven’t you fed those children?
8) Have the students not criticised the principal?
Haven’t the students criticised the principal?
9) Have they not taught us English?
Haven’t they taught us English?
10) Have they not sold computers?
Haven’t they sold computers?

Summary

Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She has written a book. They have worked hard.

Positive Question Has she written a book? Have they worked hard?

Negative Form She has not(hasn’t) written a They have not(haven’t) worked
book. hard.
Negative Question Has she not written a book? Have they not worked hard?
Hasn’t she written a book? Haven’t they worked hard?

23 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

08.The Past Perfect Tense (had swept)

When to use the past perfect tense
 The past perfect tense is generally used to show that one action
took place earlier than the other.
Ex:
▪ He had built a house before he got married
▪ She had completed the degree before she went to Canada.

08 I. Positive Form- ( சசய் யப்பட்டிருந்தது)

1) He had watched TV.

2) She had read that book.
3) The boy had helped us.
4) Ramesh had worked hard.
5) It had rained in Colombo.
6) They had advised you.
7) You had fed those children.
8) The students had criticised the principal.
9) They had taught us English.
10) They had sold computers.

08 II. Positive Questions – சசய் யப் பட்டிருந்ததா ?

1) Had he watched TV?

2) Had she read that book?
3) Had the boy helped us?
4) Had Ramesh worked hard?
5) Had it rained in Colombo?
6) Had they advised you?
7) Had you fed those children?
8) Had the students criticised the principal?
9) Had they taught us English?
10) Had they sold computers?

24 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

08 III. Negative Form- ( சசய் யப்பட்டிருக்கவில் லல)

1) He had not(hadn’t) watched TV.

2) She had not(hadn’t)read that book.
3) The boy had not (hadn’t) helped us.
4) Ramesh had not (hadn’t) worked hard.
5) It had not (hadn’t)rained in Colombo.
6) They had not(hadn’t) advised you.
7) You had not(hadn’t) fed those children.
8) The students had not (hadn’t)criticised the principal.
9) They had not(hadn’t) taught us English.
10) They had not (hadn’t) sold computers.

08 IV. Negative Question Form – (இல் லல )

1) Had he not watched TV?

Hadn’t he watched TV?
2) Had she not read that book?
Hadn’t she read that book?
3) Had the boy not helped us?
Hadn’t the boy helped us?
4) Had Ramesh not worked hard?
Hadn’t Ramesh worked hard?
5) Had it not rained in Colombo?
Hadn’t it rained in Colombo?
6) Had they not advised you?
Hadn’t they advised you?
7) Had you not fed those children?
Hadn’t you fed those children?
8) Had the students not criticised the principal?
Hadn’t the students criticised the principal?
9) Had they not taught us English?
Hadn’t they taught us English?
10) Had they not sold computers?
Hadn’t they sold computers?

25 | P a g e
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Summary

Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She had written a book. They had worked hard.

Positive Question Had she written a book? Had they worked hard?

Negative Form She had not(hadn’t) written a They had not(hadn’t) worked
book. hard.
Negative Had she not written a book? Had they not worked hard?
Question Hadn’t she written a book? Hadn’t they worked hard?

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura 26 | P a g e

දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

09.The Future Perfect Tense (will/shall have swept)

When to use the future perfect tense

• To refer to action which will be completed at a given time in the
future.
Ex:
He will have completed the degree in 4 years.
She will have got married by next year.

09 I. Positive Form- சசய் திருப்பார்.

1) He will have watched TV.
2) She will have read that book.
3) The boy will have helped us.
4) Romesh will have worked hard.
5) It will have rained in Colombo.
6) They will have advised you.
7) You will have fed those children.
8) The students will have criticised the principal.
9) They will have taught us English.
10) They will have sold computers.

09 II. Positive Questions - சசய் திருப்பாரா?

1) Will he have watched TV?

2) Will he have read that book?
3) Will the boy have helped us?
4) Will Ramesh have worked hard?
5) Will it have rained in Colombo?
6) Will they have advised you?
7) Will you have fed those children?
8) Will the students have criticised the principal?
9) Will they have taught us English?
10) Will they have sold computers?

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Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

09 III. Negative Form- சசய் திருக்க மாட்டார்.

1) He will not(won’t) have watched TV.

2) She will not(won’t) have read that book.
3) The boy will not(won’t) have helped us.
4) Ramesh will not(won’t) have worked hard.
5) It will not(won’t) have rained in Colombo.
6) They will not(won’t) have advised you.
7) You will not(won’t) have fed those children.
8) The students will not(won’t) have criticised the principal.
9) They will not(won’t) have taught us English.
10) They will not(won’t) have sold computers.

09 IV. Negative Question Form- சசய் திருக்க மாட்டாரா

1) Will he not have watched TV?

Won’t he have watched TV?
2) Will she not have read that book?
Won’t she have read that book?
3) Will the boy not have helped us?
Won’t the boy have helped us?
4) Will Ramesh not have worked hard?
Won’t Ramesh have worked hard?
5) Will it not have rained in Colombo?
Won’t it have rained in Colombo?
6) Will they not have advised you?
Won’t they have advised you?
7) Will you not have fed those children?
Won’t you have fed those children?
8) Will the students not have criticised the principal?
Won’t the students have criticised the principal?
9) Will they not have taught us English?
Won’t they have taught us English?
10) Will they not have sold computers?
Won’t they have sold computers?

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Summary
Form Singular Plural
Positive Form She will have written a book. They will have worked hard.

Positive Question Will she have written a book? Will they have worked hard?

Negative Form She will not(won’t) have written They will not(won’t) have
a book. worked hard.

Negative Question Will she not have written a Will they not have worked
book? hard?
Won’t she have written a book? Won’t they have worked hard?

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Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

10.The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(has/have been sleeping)
When to use the present perfect continuous tense.
 To talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing in
the present.
Ex:
The children have been studying since morning.
It has been raining for hours.

The following prepositions are specially used with the present prefect
continuous tense.
01.Since-இருந்து
Ex:
• Ramesh has been working since 2020.
• They have been studying since morning.
02.For -ஆக
Ex:
• The baby has been crying for hours.
• She has been arguing with me about this for more than an hour.

10 I. Positive form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கிறார்.

1) He has been watching TV since morning.
2) She has been reading a book for a week.
3) The boy has been helping us for days.
4) Ramesh has been working hard for some time.
5) It has been raining in Colombo since last week.
6) They have been advising you for some time.
7) You have been feeding those children since last year.
8) The students have been criticising the principal for a long time.
9) They have been teaching English since 1998.
10) They have been selling computers since 2000.

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Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

10 II. Positive Question Form- சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்கிறாரா?

1) Has he been watching TV since morning?

2) Has she been reading a book for a week?
3) Has the boy been helping us for days?
4) Has Ramesh been working hard for some time?
5) Has it been raining in Colombo since last week?
6) Have they been advising you for some time?
7) Have you been feeding those children since last year?
8) Have the students been criticising the principal for a long time?
9) Have they been teaching English since 1998?
10) Have they been selling computers since 2000?

10 III. Negative Form- சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்கவில் லல.

1)He has not(hasn’t) been watching TV since morning.

2)She has not (hasn’t)been reading a book for a week.
3)The boy has not (hasn’t) been helping us for days.
4)Ramesh has not (hasn’t) been working hard for some time.
5)It has not (hasn’t) been raining in Colombo since last week.
6)They have not(haven’t) been advising you for some time.
7)You have not(haven’t) been feeding those children since last year.
8)The students have not(haven’t) been criticising the principal for a
long time.
9) They have not(haven’t) been teaching English since 1998.
10) They have not(haven’t) been selling computers since 2000.

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Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

10 IV. Negative Question Form

சசய் துசகாண்டிருக்கவில் லலயா ?

1) Has he not been watching TV since morning?

Hasn’t he been watching TV since morning?
2) Has she not been reading a book for a week?
Hasn’t she been reading a book for a week?
3) Has the boy not been helping us for days?
Hasn’t the boy been helping us for days?
4) Has Ramesh not been working hard for some time?
Hasn’t Ramesh been working hard for some time?
5) Has it not been raining in Colombo since last week?
Hasn’t it been raining in Colombo since last week?
6) Have they not been advising you for some time?
Haven’t they been advising you for some time?
7) Have you not been feeding those children since last year?
Haven’t you been feeding those children since last year?
8) Have the students not been criticising the principal for a long time?
Haven’t the students been criticising the principal for a long time?
9) Have they not been teaching English since 1998?
Haven’t they been teaching English since 1998?
10) Have they not been selling computers since 2000?
Haven’t they been selling computers since 2000?

Summary
Form Singular Plural
Positive Form He has been writing a book since They have been working since
last year. morning.
Positive Question Has he been writing a book since Have they been working since
Form last year? morning?
Negative Form He has not (hasn’t) been writing a They have not(haven’t) been
book since last year. working since morning.
Negative Has he not been writing a book Have they not been working
Question Form since last year? since morning?
Hasn’t he been writing a book Haven’t they been working
since last year? since morning.

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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

11.The Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
(had been sleeping)

 When to use past perfect continuous tense

Something had been happening for a period of time before
something else happened.
Ex:
He had been working at NSB for 3 years.
They had been repairing the road since last year.

11 I. Positive form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்திருக்கிறார்

1) He had been watching TV since morning.
2) She had been reading a book for a week.
3) The boy had been helping us for days.
4) Ramesh had been working hard for some time.
5) It had been raining in Colombo since last week.
6) They had been advising you for some time.
7) You had been feeding those children since last year.
8) The students had been criticising the principal for a long time.
9) They had been teaching English since 1998.
10) They had been selling computers since 2000.

11 II. Positive Question Form-சசய் துசகாண்டு

இருந்திருக்கிறாரா?

1) Had he been watching TV since morning?

2) Had she been reading a book for a week?
3) Had the boy been helping us for days?
4) Had Ramesh been working hard for some time?
5) Had it been raining in Colombo since last week?
6) Had they been advising you for some time?
7) Had you been feeding those children since last year?
8) Had the students been criticising the principal for a long time?
9) Had they been teaching English since 1998?
10) Had they been selling computers since 2000?
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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

11 III. Negative Form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருந்திருக்கவில் லல.

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
1) He had not(hadn’t) been watching TV since morning.
2) She had not (hadn’t)been reading a book for a week.
3) The boy had not (hadn’t) been helping us for days.
4) Ramesh had not (hadn’t) been working hard for some time.
5) It had not (hadn’t) been raining in Colombo since last week.
6) They had not(hadn’t) been advising you for some time.
7) You had not(hadn’t) been feeding those children since last year.
8) The students had not(hadn’t) been criticising the principal for a long time.
9) They had not(hadn’t) been teaching English since 1998.
10) They had not(hadn’t) been selling computers since 2000.

11 IV. Negative Question Form- சசய் துசகாண்டு

இருந்திருக்கவில் லலயா?

1) Had he not been watching TV since morning?

Hadn’t he been watching TV since morning?
2) Had she not been reading a book for a week?
Hadn’t she been reading a book for a week?
3) Had the boy not been helping us for days?
Hadn’t the boy been helping us for days?
4) Had Ramesh not been working hard for some time?
Hadn’t Ramesh been working hard for some time?
5) Had it not been raining in Colombo since last week?
Hadn’t it been raining in Colombo since last week?
6) Had they not been advising you for some time?
Hadn’t they been advising you for some time?
7) Had you not been feeding those children since last year?
Hadn’t you been feeding those children since last year?
8) Had the students not been criticising the principal for a long time?
Hadn’t the students been criticising the principal for a long time?
9) Had they not been teaching English since 1998?
Hadn’t they been teaching English since 1998?
10) Had they not been selling computers since 2000?
Hadn’t they been selling computers since 2000?

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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Summary
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Form Singular Plural
Positive Form He had been writing a book They had been working since
since last year. morning.
Positive Question Had he been writing a book Had they been working since
Form since last year? morning?
Negative Form He had not (hadn’t) been They had not(hadn’t) been
writing a book since last year. working since morning.
Negative Question Had he not been writing a Had they not been working
Form book since last year? since morning?
Hadn’t he been writing a book Hadn’t they been working since
since last year? morning.

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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

12.The Future Perfect Continuous tense

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura
Not in use

12 I. Positive Form- சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கக்கூடும்

1) He will have been watching TV.

2) She will have been reading that book.
3) The boy will have been helping us.
4) Ramesh will have been working hard.
5) It will have been raining in Colombo.
6) They will have been advising you.
7) You will have been feeding those children.
8) The students will have been criticising the principal.
9) They will have been teaching us English.
10) They will have been selling computer.

12 II. Positive Questions சசய் துசகாண்டு இருக்கக்கூடுமா

1) Will he have been watching TV?

2) Will he have been reading that book?
3) Will the boy have been helping us?
4) Will Ramesh have been working hard?
5) Will it have been raining in Colombo?
6) Will they have been advising you?
7) Will you have been feeding those children?
8) Will the students have been criticising the principal?
9) Will they have been teaching us English?
10) Will they have been selling computers?

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 දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

12 III. Negative Form சசய் யப்பட்டிருக்காது

Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

1) He will not(won’t) have been watching TV.

2) She will not(won’t) have been reading that book.
3) The boy will not(won’t) have been helping us.
4) Ramesh will not(won’t) have been working hard.
5) It will not(won’t) have been raining in Colombo.
6) They will not(won’t) have been advising you.
7) You will not(won’t) have been feeding those children.
8) The students will not(won’t) have been criticising the principal.
9) They will not(won’t) have been teaching us English.
10) They will not(won’t) have been selling computer.

12 IV. Negative Question Form சசய் யப்பட்டிருக்காதா?

1) Will he not have been watching TV?
Won’t he have been watching TV?
2) Will she not have been reading that book?
Won’t she have been reading that book?
3) Will the boy not have been helping us?
Won’t the boy have been helping us?
4) Will Ramesh not have been working hard?
Won’t Ramesh have been working hard?
5) Will it not have been raining in Colombo?
Won’t it have been raining in Colombo?
6) Will they not have been advising you?
Won’t they have been advising you?
7) Will your not have been feeding those children?
Won’t your have been feeding those children?
8) Will the students not have been criticising the principal?
Won’t the students have been criticising the principal?
9) Will they not have been teaching us English?
Won’t they have been teaching us English?
10) Will they not have been selling computers?
Won’t they have been selling computers?

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දේශන දෙදෙයවීෙ -
ශ්‍රි ලංකා ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂා උපාධිධාරීන්දේ සංගෙය

Summary
Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Form Singular Plural

Positive Form She will have been writing a They will have been working
book. hard.
Positive Question Will she have been writing a Will they have been working
book? hard?
Negative Form She will not(won’t) have been They will not(won’t) have been
writing a book. working hard.

Negative Question Will she not have been writing a Will they not have been working
book? hard?
Won’t she have been writing a Won’t they have been working
book? hard?

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Akalanka Dharmakeerthi, BA in English (Sp), University of Sri Jayewardenepura

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