Scribd
Upload
14 views10 pages

Report 1 PE

Uploaded by

omarabdelmaksod2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views10 pages

Report 1 PE

Uploaded by

omarabdelmaksod2019
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Report 1 : Step Down

DC to DC converter
Program: Senior 1 EPM
Course Name: Power
electronics(2)
Students Names:
Mohamed Ahmed Desouky Ahmed 1901435
Mohamed Mahmoud Hussien 1901431
Omar Abdelmaksoud hamd shaker 1901270
Ahmed saaed abdelwahab 1901291
Mohamed sameh yahia 1900157

Section: 5

Class/Year: Senior 1 – Electrical power and


machines
Experiment # 1

Step down DC to DC power converter

1. Objectives:
The objectives of this experiment are:
1) Observe the output voltage and current of a step down DC-to-DC power converter.
2) Observe the relation between the input voltage and the output voltage.
3) Study effect of the frequency, duty cycle and inductance on the ripples of the step down in
case of R-load and RL-load.
4) To study the different modes of operations (continuous, discontinuous) of the DC
chopper circuit
2. Step down DC-to-DC converter:
Step down chopper as Buck converted is used to reduce the input voltage level at the output side
according to the requirement. It has the advantages of simplicity and low cost. Figure shows a buck
converter the operation of the Buck converters start with a switch that is open (so no current flow through
any part of circuit) When the switch is closed, the current flows through the inductor, slowly at first, but
building up over time. When the switch is closed the inductor pulls current through the diode, and this
means the voltage at the inductors "output" is lower than it first was. This is the very basic principle of
operation of buck circuit.
Analysis of the buck converter begins by making these assumptions:
1) The circuit is operating in the steady state.
2) The inductor current is continuous (always positive)
3) The capacitor is very large, and the output voltage is held constant at voltage Vo. This
restriction will be relaxed later to show the effects of finite capacitance.
4) The switching period is T, the switch is closed for time DT and open for time (1-D)T
5) The components are ideal.
The key to the analysis for determining the voltage Vo is to examine the inductor current and
inductor voltage first for the switch closed and then for the switch open. The net change in
inductor current over one period must be zero for steady state operation. The average inductor voltage is
zero.

There are two types of operational mode for this circuit


a) Continuous ConductionMode and b) Discontinuous Conduction Mode

Circuit diagram of a step down chopper is shown in the adjacent figure.

When CH is turned ON, Vs directly appears across the load as shown in figure. So Vo = VS.
When CH is turned off, Vs is disconnected from the load. So output voltage Vo = 0.

The voltage waveform of step down chopper is shown below:

TON → It is the interval in which chopper is in ON state.


TOFF → It is the interval in which chopper is in OFF state.
VS → Source or input voltage.
Vo → Output or load voltage.
T → Chopping period = TON + TOFF
Operation of Step down Chopper with Resistive Load:
When CH is ON, Vo = VS When CH is OFF, Vo = 0

Where, D is duty cycle = TON/T.


TON can be varied from 0 to T, so 0 ≤ D ≤ 1. Hence output voltage Vo can be varied from 0 to VS.

Operation of Step Down Chopper with Inductive Load:


(a) Continuous Conduction Mode
A buck converter operates in continuous mode if the current through the inductor (IL) never falls
to zero during the commutation cycle.

(b) Discontinuous Conduction Mode


In some cases, the amount of energy required by the load is small enough to be transferred in a
time lower than the whole commutation period. In this case, the current through the inductor falls
to zero during part of the period. The only difference in the principle described above is that the
inductor is completely discharged at the end of the commutation cycle.
Firing Circuit
The firing signal may be generated digitally from a microprocessor or from analog circuit
using an operational amplifier. Fig. 1 shows an op‐amp operates as a comparator which compares a
variable DC signal with a saw tooth wave. When V1 >V2, the output from op‐amp is high and vice‐versa.
So by varying the DC voltage V1, the pulse width is varied and Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) signal is obtained. This PWM signal is amplified to drive the MOSFET. Isolation stage
may be added.
The variable DC voltage V1 is obtained through potentiometer as shown in Fig. 1.
To get frequency modulation (FM), the frequency of the saw tooth must be changed.
Fig. 2 shows the saw tooth, DC and output signals waveforms. The output
signal waveform has a periodic time of T and a duty cycle of D = ton/T
Power Module
For each power module there is auxillary devices connected to it:
1‐ Reverse diode to protect the switch from reversed voltage polarity.
2‐ Shunt R ‐C circuit branch for protection against dv/dt (Snubber circuit)
For R ‐L load a shunt diode at load must be connected to provide a path
for discharging
current during off period of supply (F ree Wheeling Diode FWD)
3. The experiment procedures:
1) Connect the dc- dc converter module with R load and connect CRO across load.
2) Change the converter duty cycle and observe the output voltage and current.
3) Change the converter frequency and observe the output voltage and current.
4) Connect the dc- dc converter module with L-R load where L=3mH.
5) Repeat steps 1) and 2).
6) Change the series inductor of R-L load where let L=6mH.
7) Repeat steps 1) and 2).
For L=3mH
For L=6mH

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy