AEX002

GENERAL CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES & HISTORY OF COOPERATIVES

History:
• 1896 (The first cooperative in the Philippines) - Dr. Jose Rizal initiated an Agricultural
Marketing Cooperative in Dapitan.
• 1898 - Emilio Jacinto organized another failed commercial marketing cooperative.
• 1902 - Isabelo de los Reyes was asked to head a cooperative association of a group of
printers. This organization of workers became the Union Obrera Democratica in February 2,
1902, the first Philippine labor federation.
• 1927 - The americans introduced the Cooperative Marketing Law (PA No. 3425) which
encouraged the formation of state-initiated farmers marketing cooperatives.
• Feb. 17, 2009 - The Cooperative Code of the Philippines was signed by Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo to be known as the “Philippine Cooperative Code of 2008” which amended the RA
6938 “Cooperative Code of the Philippines”.

General Concepts of Cooperative:

• An autonomous and duly registered association of persons.
• With a common bond of interest.
• Voluntarily joined together to achieve their social, economic, and cultural needs and
aspirations.
• Accepting a fair share of the risks and benefits of the undertaking in accordance with
universally accepted cooperative principles (Art 3, RA 9520).

Cooperative Principles:
Every cooperative shall conduct its affairs in accordance with:
•Filipino Culture
•Good Values and Experience
• The universally accepted principles of cooperation. This includes but are not limited to the
following:
1. Voluntary and Open Membership
2. Democratic Member Control
3. Member Economic Participation
4. Autonomy and Independence
5. Education, Training, and Information
6. Cooperation among Cooperatives
7. Concern for Community

Organizational Structure and Management of Cooperatives

• ART. 37 of RA 9520 Composition and Term of the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise
provided in the bylaws, the direction and management of the affairs of a cooperative shall be
vested in a board of directors which shall be composed of not less than five nor more than
fifteen (15) members elected by the general assembly.
•"ART. 43. Committees of Cooperatives. "(2) The bylaws shall provide for the creation of an
audit, election, mediation and conciliation, ethics, and such other committees as mav be
necessary for the conduct of the affairs of the cooperative. The members of both the audit
and election committee shall be elected by the general assembly and the rest shall be
appointed by the board.

General Assembly
• The Highest policy making body of the cooperative.
• Composed of such members who are entitled to vote under the articles of cooperation and
bylaws of the cooperative.
• Conduct Regular Assembly Meeting annually or a Special Assembly Meeting if necessary.

Power of the GA
1. To determine and approve amendments to the articles of cooperation and bylaws.
2. To elect or appoint the members of the board of directors, and to remove them for cause.
3. To approve developmental plans of the cooperative.

Board of Directors
• Responsible for the Strategic planning, direction-setting, policy-formulation and by
resolution, exercise all powers of the cooperatives.
• Review the annual plan and budget and recommend for the approval of the GA.
• Evaluate the capability/qualification and recommend for the approval of the GA the
engagement of the services of an External Auditor.
• Formulate and review the vision, mission and goals of the cooperative.

•Audit Committee - responsible for conducting the Financial, Management audit.

•Election Committee - responsible for preparation and facilitating for conducting an election
• Ethics Committee - responsible for ensuring the ethical values and standards of the
cooperative
• Mediation and Conciliation Committee- responsible for facilitating the amicable
settlement of Intra-cooperative disputes and disputes among members, officer, and
directors.
• Secretary - responsible for Recording and documenting/safeguard the cooperative
documents.
• Treasurer - responsible for funding and an asset custodian
• Management Staff - responsible for performing specific task/functions related to the
day-to-day operations.

Types Of Cooperative
"ART. 23. Type and Categories of Cooperatives. (1) Types of Cooperatives Cooperatives may
fall under any of the following types:
a. Credit cooperative
• Which promotes thrift among its members and create funds in order to grant loan for
productive and provident purposes.
b. Consumers Cooperative
• The primary purpose of which is to procure and distribute commodities to members and
non-members.
c. Producers Cooperative
• One that undertakes joint product whether agricultural or industrial.
d. Marketing Cooperative
• engages in the supply of production inputs to members and markets their products;
e. Service Cooperative
• engages in medical and dental care, hospitalization, transportation, insurance, housing,
labor, electric light and power, communication and other services;
f. Multipurpose Cooperative
• combines (2) or more of the business activities of these different types of cooperative.
g. Advocacy Cooperative
•promotes and advocates cooperativism among its members and the public through
socially-oriented projects, education and training, research and communication, and other
similar activities to reach out to its intended beneficiaries;
h. Agrarian Reform Cooperative
• is one organized by marginal farmers majority of which are agrarian reform benef ciaries
for the purpose of developing an appropriate system of land tenure, land development, land
consolidation or land management in areas covered by agrarian reform;
i. Cooperative Bank
• the primary purpose of providing a wide range of financial services to cooperatives and
their members.
J. Dairy Cooperative
• whose members are engaged in the production of fresh milk which may be processed
and/or marketed as dairy products;
k. Education Cooperative
• one organized for the primary purpose of owning and operating licensed educational
institutions notwithstanding the provisions of Republic Act No. 9155, otherwise known as
the Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001;
I. Electric Cooperative
• the primary purpose of under taking power generations, utilizing renewable energy
sources, including hybrid systems, acquisition and operation of subtransmission or
distribution to its household members;
m. Financial Service Cooperative
• is one whose members are engaged in the production of fresh milk which may be
processed and/or marketed as dairy products;
n. Fishermen Cooperative
• is one organized by marginalized fishermen in localities whose products are marketed
either as fresh or processed products;
o. Health Services Cooperative
• is one organized for the primary purpose of providing medical, dental and other health
services;
p. Housing Cooperative
• to assist or provide access to housing for the benefit of its regular members who actively
participate in the savings program for housing. It is co-owned and controlled by its members;
q. Insurance Cooperative
• is one engaged in the business of insuring life and poverty of cooperatives and their
members;
r. Transport Cooperative
• is one which includes land and sea transportation, limited to small vessels, as defined or
classified under the Philippine maritime laws, organized under the provisions of this Code;
s. Water Service Cooperative
• is one organized to own, operate and manage waters systems for the provision and
distribution of potable water for its members and their households;
t. Workers Cooperative
• is one engaged in the business of insuring life and poverty of cooperatives and their
members;
u. Other types of cooperative as may be determined by the Authority.

AGRARIAN REFORM
RELEVANCE
Agrarian reform is a critical strategy aimed at addressing issues of land distribution, poverty
alleviation, and social justice, particularly in agrarian societies.
• Economic impacts
• Social equity
• Political stability

ECONOMIC IMPACT
Agrarian reform has been shown to improve the socio-economic conditions of landless
farmers. In the Philippines, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) initiated in
1988 aimed to redistribute land and provide support services to enhance agricultural
productivity.

SOCIAL EQUITY
The social implications of agrarian reform are significant. It is often viewed as a means to
promote social justice by addressing historical injustices related to land ownership.

POLITICAL STABILITY
Agrarian reform is also linked to political stability. By addressing grievances related to land
ownership and rural poverty, it can reduce tensions that lead to conflict. In many cases,
successful agrarian reform initiatives have been associated with improved governance and
increased political participation among rural populations.

DIFFERENT ASPECTS
• Land Redistribution: Allocating land to landless farmers and tenants.
• Tenure Security : Ensuring that farmers have secure and legally recognized rights to their
land.
• Support Services : Providing farmers with access to credit, training, and infrastructure.
• Market Access : Facilitating farmers’ access to markets for their produce.
• Institutional Reforms : Reforming agricultural institutions to support sustainable
development.

BALANCED DEVELOPMENT
• Reducing Inequality: by redistributing land, agrarian reform helps to reduce economic
disparities between rural and urban areas.
• Enhancing Food Security: Increased agricultural productivity ensures a stable food supply,
contributing to national food security.
• Promoting Sustainable Development: By supporting smallholder farmers, agrarian reform
encourages sustainable agricultural practices.
• Fostering Inclusive Growth: It ensures that economic growth benefits all segments of
society, particularly the rural poor.

AFMA
•Known as the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 (RA 8435).

GOALS:
• To modernize the agriculture and fisheries sectors.
• To enhance profits and incomes in the agriculture and fisheries sectors.
• To pursue a market-driven approach.
• To induce the agriculture and fisheries sectors to ascend continuously the value-added
ladder.
• To provide social and economic adjustment measures that increase productivity and
improve market efficiency.
• To improve the quality of life of all sectors.

PRINCIPLES OF AFMA
• Poverty Alleviation and Social Equity
• Food Security
• Rational Use of Resources
• Global Competitiveness
• Sustainable Development
• People Empowerment
• Protection from Unfair Competition

ACTIVITIES & PROGRAMS OF AFMA

• Production & Marketing Support Services
• Human Resource Development
• Research Development & Extension
• Rural Non-farm Employment
• Trade & Fiscal Activities

IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS
• Living conditions are substantially better now.
• Development of Irrigation systems, market information systems, and rural infrastructures.
• Provides for the establishment of a National Agricultural and Fisheries System (NAFES) to
upgrade the quality.
• Contributed in disseminating informations, proper practices, or education and training in
general.

AGRARIAN REFORM PROBLEMS, IMPERATIVES, & PROVISIONS

AGRARIAN REFORM
• a general collection of government-initiated policies and programs meant to distribute land
ownership, enhance land tenure, and support rural farmers, especially those who are
landless or underprivileged.

PROBLEMS
• Land Distribution Delays and Inefficiencies
• Underfunding
• Lack of Security Tenure
• Fragmentation of Agricultural Lands
• Corruption and Mismanagements
• Lack of access to Technology and Market
• Globalization and Agricultural Competitiveness
• Environmental Degradation

DIFFERENT IMPERATIVES OF AGRARIAN REFORM

• Economic Imperative
• Social Imperative
• Political Imperative
• Environmental Imperative
• Cultural & Ethical Imperative
• Legal & Institutional Imperative

DIFFERENT PROVISIONS RELEVANT TO AGRARIAN REFORM

• Land Redistribution Provision
• Land Tenure Improvement Provision
• Support Services Provision
• Dispute Resolution Mechanism Provision
• Compensation Provision for Landowners
• Exemptions and Retention Limits Provision
• Women’s Rights Provision
• Sustainable Land Use and Environmental Protection Provision
• Agricultural Cooperatives and Collective Farming Provision

CARP (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program)

• An agrarian reform law of the Philippines whose basis is the RA 6657, also known as
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARP) signed under the administration of President
Cory Aquino.
• CARP recognizes not only farmers but all landless workers as beneficiaries with the
condition that they cultivate the land. The two main departments in charge of this program
are DAR and DENR. Aside from the land distribution, it also provides the delivery of support
services and security to the farmers.

CONTRIBUTION OF TENANTS EMANCIPATION DECREE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

AGRARIAN REFORM
• The Presidential Decree No.27, aimed to promote agrarian reform in the Philippines. It
primarily focused on the distribution of land to tenant farmers, particularly in the rice and
corn sectors. The implementation involved various government agencies, primarily the
Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), which was responsible for seeing land distribution,
ensuring compliance, and providing support services to farmers.

ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM

• Land Tenure Security
• Redistribution of Agricultural Lands
• Support for Agricultural Development
• Promotion of Cooperative Farming
• Legal Framework for Reform
• Social Justice

COVERAGE OF CARP
• The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 shall cover, regardless of the
arrangement of tenure and commodity produced, all public and private agriculture lands as
provided in Proclamation No. 131 and Executive Order No. 229, including other lands of the
public domain suitable for agriculture.

STEPS OF IMPLEMENTING CARP:

1. Land Identification
- Survey and Mapping
- Land Valuation
- Notice of Coverage (NOC)
2. Land Distribution
- Land Redistribution
- Issuance of Certificates of Land Ownership Award (CLOAs)
3. Support Services
- Credit & Financing
 - Training & Capacity Building
- Infrastructure Development
4. Tenure Security
- Legal Assistance
- Monitoring & Evaluation
5. Institutional Support
- Strengthening Institutions
- Public Information & Education

RELEVANT PROGRAMS IN THE PAST AND RELATE IT IN THE RECENT FLAGSHIP PROGRAMS
OF AGRICULTURE

The past programs of the Department of Agriculture and its objectives as well as its new
anchored programs:
1. Vice President Fernando Lopez in 1950, served concurrently as the DANR chief. During his
term, the Bureau of Agricultural Extension (now Agricultural Training Institute) was
established, along with the organization of the 4-H Clubs and Rural Improvement Clubs (RICs)
nationwide.
4H CLUB
• a youth development group that emphasizes leadership, community service, and
agriculture.
• Its name, which translates to “Head, Heart, Hands, and Health”.
• In the past, the 4-H Club aimed to educate rural youth about agriculture through
hands-on learning and community service.
RURAL IMPROVEMENT CLUBS (RICs)
• is a non-government women's organization technically assisted by the agricultural
technician of a local government unit.
• The organization aims to establish RIC in every municipality, expand income-generating
projects, intensify family and youth programs, promote medicinal plant cultivation, conduct
consumerism campaigns, and maintain connections with similar agencies.
SUSTAINABLE PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES FOR THE RICs today:
A. ATI - Capability enhancement activities: national and regional training.
B. Strengthening their organization - national/regional consultations convention.

2. Carlos G. Dominguez introduced reforms in the rural credit system and established the
Comprehensive Agricultural Loan Fund (CALF). In 1988, he also launched the Livelihood
Enhancement for Agricultural Development (LEAD) program to speed up farmers’
organization's access to financing, management expertise, and marketing.
The Livelihood Enhancement for Agricultural Development (LEAD) program
• aimed to improve the livelihoods of farmers, fisherfolk, and rural communities by
supporting agricultural productivity and income diversification.
Livelihood Enhancement for Agricultural Development (LEAD) anchored with SAAD
program today:
Special Area for Agricultural Development (SAAD) Program
• is essentially anchored in poverty incidence reduction, and local food production
activation, through livelihood assistance for marginalized Filipino farmers and fishers.

3. Leonardo Q. Montemayor, 2001, implemented the Agriculture and Fisheries

Modernization Act of 1997 (AFMA) with special emphasis on its social equity aspect. He
launched the Ginintuang Masaganang Ani Countrywide Assistance for Rural Employment and
Services (GMACARES) under President Arroyo’s social reform agenda meant to complement
the administration’s outlined priorities in poverty reduction, good governance, and
leadership by example and people empowerment.
Ginintuang Masaganang Ani Countrywide Assistance for Rural Employment and Services
(GMA-CARES)
• the program outlines the government's strategy to achieve rice self-sufficiency and
generate employment opportunities. Its primary goal was to reduce poverty in rural areas
through the promotion of employment opportunities, infrastructure development, and
agricultural productivity.
Linking GMA-CARES to Recent Agricultural Programs:
A. National Agricultural and Fisheries Mechanization Program (NAFMP) expands on
GMA-CARES’ focus on modernizing agriculture by introducing more advanced mechanization
technologies to increase agricultural and fisheries productivity and reduce labor costs.
B. High Value Crops Development Program is one of the banner programs of the
Department of Agriculture mandated to contribute to the attainment of food self-sufficiency,
economic growth, and enhancement of consumers' health and welfare.

4. Salvador H. Escudero III — Escudero implemented the Intensive Rice Production Program
(IRPP), an import-substitution program, expanded the government’s animal dispersal
program, particularly the Bakahang Barangay (cattle raising the at village level) and
Pagbababuyan (swine raising).
Intensive Rice Production Program (IRPP)
• aimed to increase rice production for self sufficiency and food security. Launched
during the 1970s under the Marcos administration, it sought to modernize rice farming and
support farmers to boost yields.
Bakahang Barangay at Pagbababuyan Program
• In the 1970s, the Philippines started programs to improve the cattle and swine
industries, implemented during President Ferdinand Marcos Sr.’s administration.

5. Arturo Tanco - the Masagana 99 rice production program was launched in the Philippines
under President Ferdinand Marcos in 1973 which made the country self sufficient and a rice
exporter. A similar program on corn also made the country self-sufficient in white corn.
The Masagana 99 rice production program
• It aimed to increase rice production through a technology package for farmers. Initially
successful, it later declined due to debt accumulation and neglect of small farmers.
DA to recalibrate Masagana 99 rice program:
A. Masagana Rice Industry Development Program - The Agriculture Department's
rice program aims to produce high-quality rice seeds, optimize fertilizer use, and improve
logistics for more efficient and cost-effective farming.
B. Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) - supports rice farmers by
enhancing their competitiveness and providing subsidized inputs such as certified seeds,
fertilizers, mechanization, and training to boost productivity.
C. Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) - places a high emphasis on research
and development to improve farming practices, introduce climate-resilient rice varieties, and
develop more efficient irrigation systems.

6. Dr. Salvador H. Escudero III launched the Gintong Ani food production and security
program in 1996 during his two-year tenure.
The Gintong Ani Program
• aligns closely with recent flagship agricultural programs in the Philippines, such as the
National Rice Program and the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF).

7. In July 1998, President Joseph Ejercito Estrada designated William D. Dar as Acting DA
Secretary who introduced the Estrada administration’s 10-point agenda in agriculture and
fisheries under the Agrikulturang Makamasa Program.
Agrikulturang Makamasa program
• It aimed to modernize the agricultural sector, reduce rural poverty, and improve the
livelihoods of small farmers and fisherfolk.

8. Luis P. Lorenzo Jr. led the Department starting in December 2002 and initiated the Roll-On,
Roll-Off (RORO) transport program.
Roll-On, Roll-Off (RORO) Transport Program
• is a crucial initiative aimed at improving inter-island transportation and enhancing
connectivity across the archipelago.

ORGANIC & BIOFUEL AGRICULTURE ACTS

ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
• is a farming practice that relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles adapted
to the local conditions, rather than on the use of inputs that turn out adverse effects
(IFOAM).

EXECUTIVE NO. 481 OF 2005 (Promotion & Development of Organic Agriculture in

Philippines)
• the first legal instrument that tackled organic agriculture in the Philippines.
• issued in 2006 during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
• promote and develop organic agriculture nationwide to enhance competitiveness,
environmental integrity, food security and safety, and increases productivity and alleviate
poverty.
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE ACT 0F 2010 (RA 10068)
• Encourages to enhance food security and sustainability
• Establishes a national certification system for organic products to ensure compliance with
organic standards and protect consumers.
• Act seeks to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, including pollution and
degradation of natural resources.

RA 11511(AN ACT AMENDING REPUBLIC ACT NO.10068)

• This amendment was created to address gaps & challenges in the original law. It aims to
refine certification processes, improving support for farmers, and increase funding for
organic agricultural programs.

BIOFUEL
• Biofuel is a type of fuel made from organic materials, like plants or waste, that can be used
for energy. It serves as an alternative to fossil fuels and is considered renewable because it
can be replenished.

BIOFUELS ACT OF 2006 (RA 9367)

• The Biofuels Act of 2006 (Republic Act No. 9367) aims to promote the development and
use of biofuels in the Philippines. It mandates the blending of biofuels, like biodiesel and
bioethanol, into fossil fuels to reduce dependence on imported oil, enhance energy security,
and promote environmental sustainability. The law also encourages investment in biofuel
production, supports research and development, and provides incentives for producers and
users.

RENEWABLE ENERGY ACT OF 2008 (RA 9513)

• The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Republic Act No. 9513) promotes the development and
utilization of renewable energy sources in the Philippines. Its goals include increasing the
share of renewable energy in the energy mix, enhancing energy security, and reducing
greenhouse gas emissions. The law provides various incentives, such as tax exemptions and
grants, to encourage investment in renewable technologies like solar, wind, hydro, and
biomass. It also establishes a feed-in tariff system to ensure stable income for renewable
energy producers. Ultimately, the Act aims to create a sustainable energy future and foster
environmental protection.

CROP INSURANCE IN ANIMAL WELFARE

CROP INSURANCE is an insurance purchased by agricultural producers issued by the

government which aims to support financial loss suffered by farmers due to natural disasters,
pest, and diseases.
PURPOSES OF CROP INSURANCE
• To protect agricultural producers against loss revenue.
• Reduces stress to the farmers.
• To protect against price declining

TYPES OF PCIC AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE

1. Crop insurance - example: rice and corn
2. Livestock Insurance - example: carabao, cattle, poultry, horses, swine and many more.
3. Fisheries and Aquatic Insurance - example: fish farmers
4. Non-crop agricultural asset insurance - example: machinery equipment, facilities and etc.

THE IMPORTANCE OF CROP INSURANCE IN ANIMAL WELFARE IN ADDRESSING RISK AND

UNCERTAINTIES IN AGRICULTURE
1. Feed Availability and Quality
2. Prevents the Sale
3. Prevention of Culling
4. Prevents Stress on Animals
5. Reduces Risk of Inhumane Practices

INSIGHTS IN THE CONTRIBUTION OF CROP INSURANCE IN ANIMAL WELFARE

Crop insurance acts as a financial buffer, allowing farmers to continue meeting the essential
needs of their animals—food, shelter, and healthcare—even in the face of unexpected
disasters. This stability directly impacts animal welfare by preventing neglect, malnutrition,
and the need for desperate cost-cutting measures that could harm the animals.

PROS CONS
1. Helps the farmers for financial stability. 1. Not all farmers can access this type of
2. Food Security for livestock animals. insurance due to some factors.
3. Back up plan for a sudden problem. 2. Farmers might rely on insurances too
much.
3. Not a direct solution for the farmers
problem.

THE MAGNA CARTA OF SMALL FARMERS AND A GRICULTURAL REFORM CREDIT ACT OF
2000

THE MAGNA CARTA FOR SMALL FARMERS

Formally known as Republic Act No. 7607, was enacted in the Philippines on June 4, 1992.
This legislation plays a crucial role in empowering small farmers, who are vital to the
agricultural sector and the overall economy. The law promotes the involvement of small
farmers, farm workers, farm workers,and cooperatives in the planning, organization,
management, and execution of agricultural initiatives and projects.
IMPORTANCE OF MAGNA CARTE TO SMALL FARMERS:
• Empowerment and Rights: The Magna Carta recognizes the rights of small farmers to
organize small farmers to organize into cooperatives and associations, enabling them
to negotiate better prices for their products prices for their products and access
essential services like credit at minimal interest rates.
• Government Support: It mandates government support for small farmers through various
means, including financial assistance, infrastructure development, and access to agricultural
inputs.
• Economic Stability: By facilitating access to credit and resources, the Magna Carta aims to
improve the livelihoods of small farmers, allowing them to invest in their farms and increase
productivity.
• Farm Machinery and Equipment: The law mandates the availability of farm machinery and
equipment to small farmers.
• Small Farmers: Are defined as individuals who rely on small-scale subsistence farming as
their main source of income, with annual sales, barter, or exchange of agricultural products
not exceeding a gross value of P 180,000 based on 1992 constant prices.
• Farmers’ Organization: Chapter II of the Magna Carta of Small Farmers grants farmers the
right to organize and have representation on the boards of government.
• Agricultural Credit: The law includes the establishment of a rural credit delivery system as a
government responsibility, emphasizing the need for an effective credit policy.

AGRI AGRA REFORM CREDIT ACT OF 2000

was introduced to promote equal access to opportunities under an environment of sustained
growth and expanding productivity as the key to raising the quality of life for all. This is
known as Republic Act no. 10000. All government and private banking institutions are
required to allocate a minimum of 25% of their total loan-able funds to agriculture and
agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs). Of this, 15% must be designated for the agriculture
sector, while the remaining 10% should be reserved specifically for ARBs.

IMPORTANCE OF AGRI AGRA REFORM CREDIT ACT 2000

• Boosting Agricultural Productivity: The law makes sure that farmers, agrarian reform
beneficiaries (ARBs), and rural enterprises have access to the capital required for investment
in modern farming techniques, equipment, and infrastructure by requiring financial
institutions to set aside loan-able funds specifically for agricultural activities.
• Support for Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries: A portion of the money goes to ARBs in order to
assist the government's agrarian reform initiative.
• Promoting Rural Development: The law aids in rural The law aids in rural development by
directing development by directing financial resources financial resources towards these
area
• Reducing Poverty: The law aids in rural The law aids in rural development by directing
development by directing financial resources financial resources towards these area
• Ensuring Financial Inclusion: Banks and other financial institutions are required by law
institutions are required by law to provide support to the agricultural industry,which is
frequently underutilized.

THE AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

ROLE OF LEGISLATIONS IN SHAPING AGRICULTURAL POLICIES

• Agricultural Legislation is important for promoting sustainable practices, ensuring food
sescurity, and protecting farmers’ rights.

MAJOR AGRICULTURAL LAWS

1. Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA 3844)
- was enacted on August 8, 1963 by Pres. Diosdado P. Macapagal.
- aimed to redistribute agricultural land to poor and landless farmers and workers, and
ensure equitable land ownership in the Philippines.
- the RA hailed as one that would emancipate Filipino farmers from the bandage of
tenancy.
- it emphasize with the owner-cultivatorship and farmer independence, equity,
productivity improvement and the public distribution of land.
2. Agriculture & Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435)
- was enacted on December 22, 1997 by the Philippine congress and signed into law by
then - President Fidel V. Ramos.
- this law seeks to modernize the Agriculture and fisheries sectors through various
measures, including improved infrastructure, and technology, and market access.
- to improve the overall quality of life for farmers and fisherfolk.
3. Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (RA 10068)
- enacted by the Philippine congress and signed into law by the President Benigno S.
Aquino III on April 6, 2010.
- this law promotes the development and promotion of Organic Agriculture in the
Philippines.
- this law helps to enhance the production of organic agricultural products, and to ensure
the availability of safe, nutritious, and quality food.
- this also aims to improve food security and enhance the livelihood of farmers, and
promote sustainable agricultural practices that protect the environment.
4. Philippine Fisheries Code (RA 8550)
- was enacted on February 25, 1998, by the philippine congress and signed into laaw by
the Pres. Fidel V. Ramos.
-this code regulates the conservation, management, and development of the fisheries
resources.
- supports sustainable fishing practices and helps preserve marine biodiversity, and aims
to improve the livelihoods of fishing communities and enhance food security.
5. Rice Tarrification Law (11203)
- was enacted by the Philippine congress on February 14, 2019, and signed into the law
by then Pres. Rodrigo Duterte.
-this law liberalized the rice industry by removing quantitative restrictions on rice
imports.
- aimed at ensuring a stable supply of rice, mitigating rice volatility, and enhancing the
agricultural sector’s competitiveness.
-criticized for potential negative impacts on local farmers due to increased foreign
competition.
6. Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (ACEF) Law (RA 10848)
-was enacted by the Philippine congress on May 23, 2016 and signed into law by Pres.
Benigno S. Aquino III.
-with the goal of supporting farmers and agricultural enterprises in improving their
competitiveness.
-RA 1048 also aims to improve the productivity and profitability of the agricultural sector
by promoting agriculural modernization, research, and development.
-KEY POINTS:
• extending the ACEF until 2022; providing financial support to improve the
competitiveness of the agricultural sector; offering credit, grants, and loan assistance to
farmers and fisherfolk.
7. National Food Authority (NFA) Charter (RA 10611)
-was enacted by the Philippine congress on August 23,2013 and signed into law by Pre.
Benigno S. Aquino III.
-this law aims to strengthen the food safety regulatory system in the country to protect
consumer health and facilitate food trade.
-KEY OBJECTIVES:
• Ensure food safety • Risk-based approach
• Strengthen food safety regulation • Accountability
• Regulatory Agencies • Foodborne illness monitoring
8. An act to strengthen the implementation of the CARP (RA 7905)
-was signed into law in the Philippines on February 23, 1995 by Pres. Fidel V. Ramos.
-it aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of CARP, which seeks to distribute
land to landless farmers and provide support services to boost agricultural productivity.
- KEY FEATURES RA 7905 include:
• speeding up land acquisition and distribution • Support services
• Improve coordination • Enhancing Farmer Productivity
9. Meat Inspection Code of the Philippines (RA 9296)
-was enacted on May 12, 2003, and isigned into law by Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. It
was amended by Pres. Benigno Aquino III on July 23, 2012.
- the state shall ensure the protection of human and animal health against direct and
indirect hazards, in particular of:
• Consumer against zoonotic diseases, meat-borne infection, etc.
• Meat handlers against occupational zoonoses
• Livestock against the spread of infection.
•Consumer and the meat processing industry against economic losses from meat of
inferior quality.
10. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1998 (RA 6657)
-was enacted on June 10, 1988, was signed into law by Pres. Corazon Aquino.
 - provide farmers and farm workers with the opportunity to enhance their dignity and
improve the quality of their lives through greater productivity of agricultural lands.

ATTRIBUTES OF TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENSIONE

IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION

• Technology in agricultural extension helps farmers, even in remote areas, access
important information they might otherwise miss.
• It provides real-time updates on weather, market prices, and farming tips, giving farmers
the tools they need to make smarter decisions.
• By using digital platforms, extension services become more affordable and easier to
deliver, reaching more people.
•Technology also allows for personalized advice based on real data, making
recommendations more effective.
• Encourages sustainable farming practices, helping farmers use resources wisely and
protect the environment.

ATTRIBUTES OF TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENSION

• Accessibility • Real-time Communication
• Scalability • Cost-effectiveness
• Interactive Learning • Monitoring & Evaluation
• Collaboration & Knowledge Sharing

DISADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENSION

• Digital Divide • Technical Skills Gap
• Reliance on Technology • Resistance to Change
• Information Overload • Connectivity Issues
• Initial Costs • Maintenance Challenges