Heat Transfer Lab

(0904446)
Short lab report

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

The University of Jordan, Amman – Jordan
Mechanical engineering department

Cross Flow Heat Exchanger

BY:

Mohammad Mahfouz Othman 2210448

Sulaiman Yahya Sulaiman 0215174

Leen Khalil Alsalhi 0216162

Hasan Khalil Awad 0218015

Objectives:
-To learn the meaning of cross flow heat exchanger, convection heat transfer
coefficient, the variation of Nusselt and Reynolds numbers with air flow past
cylindrical tubes.
- To study the performance of cross flow heat exchanger and calculate heat
transfer coefficient and also heat transfer rate.

Observed Data:

Table (1): Data Observed

∆P= 19 mmH2O ∆P= 10 mmH2O ∆P= 3.5 mmH2O

100% 70% 40%
Time(s) Te Te Te
[oC] [oC] [oC]
0 80 80 80
5 73.5 73.9 78
10 69.1 71 75.9
15 66.1 69.3 73.6
20 63 67.2 71.5
25 60.1 65.1 69.4
30 57 62.7 67.2
35 54.3 60.2 65
40 52 58.1 63.1
45 49.9 55.7 61.2
50 47.9 53.4 59.5
55 46 50.1 57.7
60 43 47.2 56.2
70 40.5 44.6 53.2
80 37.4 42.2 50.5
90 36.7 40.1 48.2
100 35.3 38.5 46.1
110 34.2 37.2 44.2
120 33.4 30 42.6
 Results Tables:
T air=27ᵒ
P atm=.9 bar

Table (2): Data calculated

delta delta delta
p=19(mmH2O) p=10(mmH2O) p=3.5(mmH2O)
100% 70% 40% 100% 70% 40%
Time(s) Te(ᵒC) Te(ᵒC) Te(ᵒC) log(T-Ta) log(T-Ta) log(T-Ta)
0 80 80 80 1.7242759 1.72427587 1.72427587
5 73.5 73.9 78 1.667453 1.67117284 1.707570176
10 69.1 71 75.9 1.6242821 1.64345268 1.689308859
15 66.1 69.3 73.6 1.5921768 1.62634037 1.668385917
20 63 67.2 71.5 1.5563025 1.60422605 1.648360011
25 60.1 65.1 69.4 1.519828 1.58092498 1.627365857
30 57 62.7 67.2 1.4771213 1.55266822 1.604226053
35 54.3 60.2 65 1.4361626 1.52113808 1.579783597
40 52 58.1 63.1 1.39794 1.49276039 1.557507202
45 49.9 55.7 61.2 1.3598355 1.4578819 1.534026106
50 47.9 53.4 59.5 1.3201463 1.42160393 1.511883361
55 46 50.1 57.7 1.2787536 1.36361198 1.487138375
60 43 47.2 56.2 1.20412 1.30535137 1.465382851
70 40.5 44.6 53.2 1.1303338 1.24551267 1.418301291
80 37.4 42.2 50.5 1.0170333 1.18184359 1.371067862
90 36.7 40.1 48.2 0.9867717 1.1172713 1.326335861
100 35.3 38.5 46.1 0.9190781 1.06069784 1.281033367
110 34.2 37.2 44.2 0.8573325 1.00860017 1.235528447
120 33.4 36 42.6 0.80618 0.95424251 1.193124598

Table (3): Data calculated

Throttle opens H(mmH2O) V1[m/s] V[m/s] h[W/m^2.ᵒC] Re Nu
100% 19 18.8848662 37.76973233 269.0260974 59406.51 255.7282
70% 10 13.7005219 27.40104378 251.4144101 43098.01 238.9871
40% 3.5 8.10533806 16.21067611 79.09251739 25497.13 75.183
 variation of log(T-Ta)with time
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
log(T-Ta)

1 100%
0.8 70%
0.6 40%
0.4
0.2
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Time(s)

Figure (1) variation of log(T-Ta) with time

Discussion and conclusion:
The cross-flow heat exchanger is considered an efficient design more than
a parallel heat exchanger because in the cross-flow heat exchanger fluids
are passing vertically. It is thermodynamically effective, has a greater
logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) and require less surface
area to attain the same heat transfer rate than other exchangers (parallel
and counter flow heat exchangers). On the other hand, it has medium to
high pressure drop, limitations in terms of phase change applications,
relative smaller operating pressures when compared to shell and tube HE
and relatively small tolerance to fouling and chemical aggressive fluids.
From the experiment it was noticed that staggered tubes make the flow
more turbulent as it moves through the rows, this makes the temperature
drop takes more time when the tube is in the bottom in compassion with
tubes at the top, also in-line tubes do not affect the flow as much as the
staggered so the heat transfer coefficient in staggered will be higher than
in-line tubes. Also the forced transfer has a higher heat transfer coefficient
than the free transfer. And as we go through the rows of the tubes as the
heat transfer coefficient increase but it is eventually useless due to small
heat transfer coefficient difference. And if the velocity of the air increases
the heat transfer coefficient and Reynolds number will increase.