MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“E-BIKE SPEED CONTROL USING
MICROCONTROLLER”

SUBMITTED BY-
Libin M. Varghese
Gaurav V. Chaudhari
Saurabh S. Deshmukh
Bhupesh K. Talele
GUIDED BY- Prof. D.S. Suryawanshi
Senior Lecturer

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Sandip Foundation’s
Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik
2023-24
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 Sandip Foundation’s
Sandip Polytechnic
Mahiravani, Trimbak Road, Tal & Dist. Nashik-
422213

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Varghese Libin Mohan, Chaudhari Gaurav Vishal,
Deshmukh Saurabh Suryakant, Talele Bhupesh Kishor from Electrical
Engineering has successfully completed their project work on “E-Bike Speed
Controller using Microcontroller” at Sandip Foundation’s Sandip Polytechnic,
Nashik, In partial fulfilment for the award of Diploma in Electrical Engineering.

(Prof. D.S. Suryawanshi)

Project Guide Examiner

(Prof. V.S.Patil) (Prof. P. M. Dharmadhikari)

Head of Department Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us immense pleasure in bringing out the project
entitled “E-BIKE SPEED CONTROL USING MICRO-CONTROLLER ”

We express our deep sense of gratitude and sincere regards to

our project guide Prof. D.S. Suryawanshi for his valuable supervision,
cooperation and devotion of time that he has given to our project.

We are also grateful to head of department Prof.V.S. Patil for his

facilities extended during project work and for her personal interest and
inspiration.

We wish to express our profound thanks to Prof. P.M. Dharmadhikari,

Principal,Sandip Polytechnic, Nasik, for providing necessary facilities to
make this project success.

Finally, we would like to thank all those who directly or indirectly helped
us during the work. We also owe our sincere thanks to all faculty
members of Electrical Department who have always extended a helping
hand.
1.Libin M. Varghese
2.Gaurav V.Chaudhari
3.Saurabh S. Deshmukh
4.Bhupesh K. Talele

Final year diploma

Department of Electrical Engg.

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 ABSTRACT

Since centuries the use of bicycle had been common for man as a useful mode of
transport. As the future advancements in technology took place the need for more
sophisticated, comfortable option which required less efforts and consumed less time.
In this context the solution is also to upgrade a normal bicycle into an electric one.
This electric bike motor speed controller can be used on bicycles and bikes alike. The
main objective of the project is to primarily control the speed of the electric motor by
measuring the variance in the input derived manually by the throttle. The major
advantage of using electric bikes is that is has zero carbon emission that is no carbon
footprint and hence promotes the Indian vision of Carbon free by 2070 and even the
global aim to go carbon free and thus overall reducing pollution caused drastically.
Along with being environment friendly this is also pocket friendly which makes it one
of the most effective choices to be made in dense populated cities, huge college
campuses, parks etcetera. This can be used in conjunction with normal cycling
wherein if the rider is exhausted then there is an option to switch to battery mode to
propagate the vehicle using battery and thus be an electric vehicle. Regenerative
braking and peddling generation are few of the techniques which can be used to
simultaneously recharge the batteries.

Keywords:

Speed, E-Bike, Carbon Emission, Electric Motor, Battery

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 INDEX
CHAPTER
NO. NAME OF TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 2
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY OF SOLVING
3. 3
IDENTIFIED PROBLEM

4. REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

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 LIST OF FIGURES
SR. NO NAME OF FIGURE PAGE NO
E-BIKE SPEED CONTROL
1 USING MICRO- 5
CONTROLLER

LIST OF TABLE
SR. NO. TABLE NAME PAGE NO.
1 RESOURCES USED 6

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 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Electric motors are the driving force behind electric vehicles (EVs), and their
significance is multifaceted. These motors are not just a means of propulsion; they are
at the core of what makes EVs cleaner and more efficient than their internal
combustion engine counterparts. First and foremost, electric motors deliver a level of
efficiency that is unparalleled, converting a substantial portion of electrical energy into
forward motion while minimizing energy wastage. This efficiency translates into a
reduced environmental footprint, with EVs producing zero tailpipe emissions, leading
to cleaner air and a healthier environment. Moreover, the regenerative braking
capabilities of these motors enable the conversion of kinetic energy into electricity
during deceleration, thereby extending the vehicle's range and maximizing energy use.

In addition to their environmental benefits, electric motors offer numerous

practical advantages. They provide instantaneous torque, resulting in rapid
acceleration and responsive driving experiences. The simplicity of their design, with
fewer moving parts than internal combustion engines, leads to lower maintenance
costs and increased longevity. Furthermore, their quiet operation enhances urban
tranquility and their flexibility allows for innovative vehicle designs. Overall, electric
motors are pivotal in reducing our dependence on fossil fuels, cutting operating costs,
and advancing the cause of global sustainability by ushering in a new era of cleaner
and more efficient transportation. To drive the motors efficiently and in more control
manner, motor speed controller is important.

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 Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

In this study , the authors have targeted on presenting a review of ordinary speed
harmonization methods based totally on variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering
(RM) techniques. The authors examined the literature considering speed harmonization
algorithms , mechanism and the consequences of emerging technologies. They pointed
out the shortage of velocity harmonization for dynamics visitors go with the flow and
lack of applying emerging technological know-how in their study.

Mehrdad Asadi, Mahmood Fathy ,Hamidreza Mahini , Amir Masoud Rahmani, “A

systematic literature evaluate of car velocity assistance in sensible transportation
system”, extent 15,Issue 8.[1]

Sheu, K. B., Hsu, T. H., & Hsu, Y. Y.A novel parallel hybrid motorcycle
transmission.In Materials science forum.Trans Tech Publications.
In 1999, AVL Company introduced a hybrid system featuring a 50 cc carbeuretted lean-
burn two-stroke engine combined with a 0.75 kW electric motor, strategically
positioned on the engine crankshaft primarily to enhance torque during acceleration.[2]

Hsu, SuHau., Hsu, D. W., Fu, L. C., & Hsu, Y. P. (2004, June). Novel integrated
management system design of electric motorcycles. In American Control Conference,
2004.Proceedings of the 2004.IEEE.
Su-Hau et al (2004) directed their attention towards optimizing the utilization of battery
energy and put forth a comprehensive management system for the electric motor with a
strong emphasis on energy efficiency.[3]

Huang, K. David.,&Tzeng, Sheng Chung. (2004). A new parallel-type hybrid electric-

vehicle. Applied Energy, 79(1), 51-64.
A novel parallel-type hybrid-electric power system, comprising an engine's energy
distribution and a torque-integrated mechanism, was introduced by David and Sheng.[4]

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 Chapter 3

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY OF
SOLVING IDENTIFIED PROBLEM

The proposed methodology for addressing the identified problem of enhancing e-bike
speed control through the integration of a microcontroller involves a multifaceted
approach aimed at achieving precision, safety, and user-friendliness. Here are the key
components of this methodology:

1. Microcontroller Integration: The core of the solution lies in the integration of a

microcontroller into the e-bike speed control system. The microcontroller will be
responsible for real-time monitoring of motor performance, allowing for immediate
adjustments to speed and power output as per rider inputs.

2. Speed Regulation Algorithm: The methodology will include the development of a

sophisticated speed regulation algorithm within the microcontroller. This algorithm will
consider various factors such as rider input, terrain, and battery charge to ensure that the
e-bike maintains a consistent and safe speed.

3. Safety Features: The methodology will incorporate safety features within the
microcontroller system, including Shortcircuit protection and thermal management.
These features will ensure rider safety and prevent damage to the motor and battery.

4. Energy Efficiency Optimization: The microcontroller will play a crucial role in

optimizing energy efficiency by managing power consumption and monitoring battery
status. This will result in extended battery life and reduced recharging frequency.

5. Testing and Refinement: The proposed methodology will involve extensive testing
to fine-tune the microcontroller's performance and ensure its seamless integration with
different e-bike models and motor systems.

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 6. Environmental Considerations: The solution will be designed with a
focus on environmental sustainability, aiming to reduce carbon emissions
by maximizing energy efficiency and promoting responsible e-bike usage.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
For electric vehicles, a motor speed controller is essential to optimize energy
usage, improve performance, enhance safety, and prolong the life of critical components
like the battery. Its role in managing power delivery and fine-tuning speed control is
integral to the overall efficiency and functionality of electric vehicles.

METHODOLOGY
In this system, user can control the speed of motor using twisting throttle.
Throttle module will send signal to arduino board. Arduino board will measure the
amount of twist and generate PWM signal proportionally. This generated PWM signal
will be given to the motor driver section. Motor driver section contains MOSFET which
will control the current flowing through motor. With this changing current through
motor, motor speed will vary.
An IR sensor is used to measure the rotation of wheel attached to motor. IR
sensors provides output pulses to arduino. Arduino counts the pulses and calculate the
RPM of motor. This value will be shown on display. Complete system will be powered
through DC power source of 12V.

OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
To drive the motors efficiently and in more control manner, motor speed
controller is important. In this project, an cost effective motor speed controller will be
designed for 12V, 60 watt DC motor. Major design objectives of project are as follow:
 Change the speed of motor as per the throttle position.
 Measure the RPM of wheel and calculate the speed.
 Show the actual speed on LCD display

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF E-BIKE SPEED CONTROL USING MICRO-
CONTROLLER:

ADVANTAGES
 Variable Speed Control: Riders can adjust speed as needed.
 Extended Range: Efficient power management increases distance per charge.
 Enhanced Safety: Speed limits improve rider safety.
 Battery Efficiency: Prevents excessive power draw, preserving the battery.
 Customizable Experience: Tailor the ride to personal preferences.

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 RESOURCES AND CONSUMABLES REQUIRED
Hardware Required:

Sr.No. COMPONENT NOBs PRICE/PC TOTAL

1 Arduino nano board 1 320 320

2 DC Motor 12v, 60watt 1 1100 1100
3 IR sensor 1 80 80
4 IRFZ44N MOSFET 1 55 55
5 16*2 LCD Module 1 160 160
6 12v, 9Ahr Battery 1 900 900
7 Throttle module 1 310 310
8 Wires 40 4 160
9 Other 1 500 500
TOTAL 3585

Software required:
 Arduino IDE for Programmings

 Protius For Circuit Drawing

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 CHAPTER 4
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES
1. Mehrdad Asadi, Mahmood Fathy ,Hamidreza Mahini , Amir Masoud Rahmani,
“A systematic literature evaluate of car velocity assistance in sensible
transportation system”, extent 15,Issue 8

2. Sheu, K. B., Hsu, T. H., & Hsu, Y. Y.A novel parallel hybrid motorcycle
transmission.In Materials science forum.Trans Tech Publications.

3. Hsu, SuHau., Hsu, D. W., Fu, L. C., & Hsu, Y. P. (2004, June). Novel integrated
management system design of electric motorcycles. In American Control
Conference, 2004.Proceedings of the 2004.IEEE.

4. Huang, K. David.,&Tzeng, Sheng Chung. (2004). A new parallel-type hybrid

electric-vehicle. Applied Energy, 79(1), 51-64.

5. Yan, Wenguang.,Utkin, V., &Rizzoni, G. (2005, June). Power flow control for a
series hybrid electric vehicle.In Proceedings of the IEEE International
Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005.ISIE 2005.IEEE

6. Quinn, C., Daniel Zimmerle, D., & Bradley, T. H. (2012). An evaluation of

state-of-charge limitations and actuation signal energy content on plug-in hybrid
electric vehicle, vehicle-to-grid reliability, and economics. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, 3(1), 483-491.

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