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Mathmatics 4

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20 views22 pages

Mathmatics 4

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aldocastro1693
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© © All Rights Reserved
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The inverse functions

One – one function: means each value of 𝑥 gives


one value of y.

One – many function: means each value of x


gives many values of y.

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) and its one–one function then


𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑦)
• Definition
Following that, if 𝑓 is a one-to-one function
with domain A and range B. Then its inverse
function f-1 has domain B and range A and is
defined by:
Note:
Domain of 𝑓 −1 = Range of f
Range of 𝑓 −1 = Domain of f
For example, the inverse function of
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 is
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 1/3 because if 𝑦 = 𝑥3, then
𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥3) = (𝑥 3 )1/3 = 𝑥
• Caution Rule: the -1 in 𝑓 −1 is not an
exponent. Thus 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) does not mean 1/𝑓(𝑥).

• Finding the Inverse Function:


• 𝑓 −1 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 for every 𝑥 in A
• 𝑓 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 𝑥 for every 𝑥 in B
How to find the Inverse Function
 Step 1: Write 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
• Step 2: interchange x and y.
 Step 3: Solve the equation for 𝑦 .
 Step 4: Replace y with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).
 Checking:
(𝑓 °𝑓 −1 )(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 −1 °𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
Example
Find the inverse function of 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2.

Solution:
• Replace f(x) with y , 𝑦 = 3𝑥 − 2
• interchanging 𝑥 and 𝑦 :
• 𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 2
• 𝑥 + 2 = 3𝑦
1
• Finally : 𝑦 = (𝑥
+ 2)
3
• Therefore the inverse function is
−1 𝑥 2
• 𝑓 (𝑥) = +
3 3
Checking:
(𝑓 °𝑓 −1 )(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑓 −1 (𝑥)]
𝑥 2
= 3( + )-2
3 3
=𝑥 + 2 − 2
=𝑥
Example
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3 , find 𝑔−1 (𝑥).

Solution:
𝑦 = 𝑥−3
𝑥 = 𝑦−3
𝑥 2= 𝑦 − 3
𝑥 2 +3= 𝑦
𝑔−1 (𝑥)= 𝑥 2 +3
Checking:
(𝑔−1 °𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑔−1 [𝑔(𝑥)]
=𝑔−1 [ 𝑥 − 3]
2
=( 𝑥 − 3) +3
=𝑥 − 3 + 3
=𝑥
Example
𝑥+4
𝑕 𝑥 = , find 𝑕−1 (𝑥).
2𝑥−5

Solution:
𝑥+4
𝑦=
2𝑥 − 5
𝑦+4
𝑥=
2𝑦 − 5
𝑥 2𝑦 − 5 = 𝑦 + 4
2𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑥 = 𝑦 + 4
2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 = 4 + 5𝑥
𝑦 2𝑥 − 1 = 4 + 5𝑥
4 + 5𝑥
𝑦=
2𝑥 − 1
−1
4 + 5𝑥
𝑕 𝑥 =
2𝑥 − 1
Checking:
(𝑕 °𝑕−1 )(𝑥) = 𝑕[𝑕−1 (𝑥)]
4+5𝑥
= 𝑕( )
2𝑥−1
4+5𝑥
+4
2𝑥−1
= 4+5𝑥
2 −5
2𝑥−1
=𝑥
Inverse Trigonometric Functions and
their graphs:
𝜋
For every value of 𝜃 such that y
2
𝜋
0≤ 𝜃 ≤ , there is exactly one
2
non negative Value of sin 𝜃.
x
For every value of 𝜃 such that
𝜋
- ≤ 𝜃 < 0, that is for every forth
2
quadrant angle, there is exactly one -
𝜋
2
negative Value of sin 𝜃.
Therefore, if we restrict the domain of the sine
𝜋 𝜋
function to - ≤ 𝜃 ≤ , the function is one to one
2 2
and has an inverse function.
−1
The inverse sine function: denoted by sin 𝑥
(or arcsin 𝑥), is defined to be the inverse of the
restricted sine function.

 
sin x;  x
2 2
The inverse cosine function: denoted by
−1
cos 𝑥 (or arccos 𝑥 ), is defined to be the
inverse of the restricted cosine function
cos x; 0 x 
The inverse tangent function: denoted by
−1
tan 𝑥 (or arctan 𝑥 ), is defined to be the
inverse of the restricted tangent function
 
tan x;  x
2 2
The inverse cotangent function: denoted by
−1
cot 𝑥 (or arccot 𝑥 ), is defined to be the
inverse of the restricted cotangent function
cot x; 0  x 
The inverse secant function: denoted by
−1
sec 𝑥 (or arcsec 𝑥 ), is defined to be the
inverse of the restricted secant function sec x;
The inverse cosecant function: denoted by
−1
csc 𝑥 (or arccsc 𝑥 ), is defined to be the
inverse of the restricted cosecant function csc x;
IMPORTANT:
Note:

1 1 1 1
Sin1 ( x)  , Cos 1 ( x)  , tan 1 ( x)  , cot 1( x)  ,
sin x cos x tan x cot x
1 1
Sec 1 ( x)  and csc 1 ( x) 
sec x csc x

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