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Lecture1 - Fundamental of Data Communication

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25 views23 pages

Lecture1 - Fundamental of Data Communication

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souravdas20673
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DATA COMMUNICATION

(CSE 3121)

Fundamental of Data
Communications
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
 Communication: sharing information. Sharing can be local
(face to face) or remote (over distance)
 Telecommunication (tele: far) means communication at a
distance (telephone, television, telegraphy).
 Data refers to information presented in whatever form
is agreed upon by the parties creating and using the data.
 Data communications are the exchange of data between
two devices via some form of transmission medium such
as a wire cable.
 For data communication to occur, the communicating
devices must be part of a communication system made up
of a combination of hardware (physical equipment) and
software (program)
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
DATA COMMUNICATIONS
 Effectiveness of data communication depends on :
Delivery: System must deliver data to correct
destination. Data must be received by only
intended device or user.
Accuracy: The system must deliver data
accurately
Timeliness: the system must deliver data in a
timely manner. Data delivered later are useless.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Components of Communication System

 Message: The message is the information (data) to be


communicated. It can be text, number, picture,
sound, video or any combination.
Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data
message
https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD
Components of Communication System
 Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the
message.
Medium: The transmission medium is the physical
path by which a message travels from sender to
receiver. It could be twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable,
fiber-optic cable, or radio waves
Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that govern data
communications. It represents an agreement between
the communicating devices.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Direction of Data Flow
 Communication between two devices can be
 Simplex
 Half-duplex
 Full-duplex
 Simplex: The communication is unidirectional. Only one
of the two devices can transmit; the other can only
receive. Ex: Keyboard and traditional monitor are both
example of simplex devices.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Direction of Data Flow
 Half-Duplex: Each station can both transmit and receive,
but not at the same time.
 When one device is sending, the other can only
receive, and vice versa.
 The entire capacity of a channel is taken over by
whichever of the two devices is transmitting at the
time
 Ex: Walkie-talkies and citizens band radio

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Direction of Data Flow
 Full-Duplex: Both stations can transmit and receive
simultaneously.
 In this mode, signals going in either direction share
the capacity of the link.
 Ex: Telephone network, mobile communication

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Networks
A network is a set of devices (often referred
to as nodes) connected by communication links.
A node can be a computer, printer, or any other
device capable of sending and/or receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network.
A link can be a cable, air, optical fiber, or any
medium which can transport a signal carrying
information.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Network Criteria
 Performance: Performance can be measured in many
ways, including transmit time and response time.
 Transmit time is the amount of time required for a
message to travel from one device to another
 Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry
and a response
 The performance depends on the number of users,
type of transmission medium, capabilities of the
connected hardware, and the efficiency of the
software

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Network Criteria
 Reliability: network reliability is measured by the
frequency of failure, the time it takes to recover from a
failure, and the network’s robustness in a catastrophe

 Security: Data protection against corruption/loss of


data due to:
 Errors
 Malicious users (unauthorized access)

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Type of Connection:
 Point-to-Point: A point-to-point connection provides
a dedicated link between two devices.
 The entire capacity of the link is reserved for
transmission between those two devices

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Type of Connection:
 Multipoint: A multipoint or multidrop connection is
one in which more than two specific devices share a
single link.
 In multipoint environment, the capacity of the
channel is shared

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Physical Topology:
 It refers to the way in which a network is laid out
physically.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Mesh: In a mesh topology, every device has a
dedicated point-to-point link to every other device.
 Here, dedicated means that the link carries
traffic only between two devices it connects.
 A fully connected mesh network has n(n-1)/2
physical channels to link n devices.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Star: In a star topology, each device
has a dedicated point-to-point link
only to a central controller, usually
called a hub.
 The devices are not directly
linked to one another.
 A star topology does not allow
direct traffic between devices. If
one device wants to send data to
another, it sends the data to the
controller, which then relays the
data to other connected device.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Bus: A bus topology is a multipoint. One long
cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices
in a network.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Physical Structures
 Ring: In a ring topology, each device has a dedicated
point-to-point connection only with the two devices
either side of it.
 A signal is passed along the ring in one direction,
from device to device, until it reaches its
destination.

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Categories of Networks
 Local Area Networks (LANs)
 Short distances
 Designed to provide local interconnectivity
 Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
 Provide connectivity over areas such as a city, a
campus
 Wide Area Networks (WANs)
 Long distances
 Provide connectivity over large areas

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


LAN

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


MAN

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


WAN

https://ku.ac.bd/discipline/cse/faculty/anupam Anupam Kumar Bairagi, PhD


Thanks for your Attention

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