Smart Glass for Visually impaired persons

INTRODUCTION
In the tapestry of technological innovation, the "Smart
Glass for Visually Impaired Persons" emerges as a
beacon of inclusivity, aiming to reshape the daily lives of
individuals facing visual challenges. This transformative
project delves into the integration of cutting-edge
technology, envisioning a future where smart devices
become not just tools but essential companions in
enhancing accessibility and independence.

For the visually impaired, navigating the world can be a

complex and sometimes daunting task. The Smart Glass
seeks to redefine this experience. By leveraging
advanced technologies such as sensors, cameras, and
augmented reality, this device aims to provide real-time
assistance, offering auditory and tactile cues to guide
users through their surroundings and facilitating a more
immersive connection with the world.

At the core of this innovation is the Smart Glass, acting

as a versatile interface between the user and their
environment. Equipped with sensors and a
microcontroller, it interprets data, processes information,
and provides real-time feedback through audio or tactile
signals. This not only enhances mobility but fosters a
sense of independence, empowerment, and engagement
with the immediate surroundings.

Throughout our exploration, we will delve into the

intricacies of sensor technologies, microcontroller
programming, and the seamless collaboration of
hardware components. The Smart Glass for Visually
Impaired Persons is not merely a technological
breakthrough; it is a compassionate stride towards
fostering inclusivity, where innovation aligns with the
fundamental right to navigate the world independently.

As we embark on this technical journey, envision a

future where smart devices become bridges, connecting
the visually impaired with a more accessible and
comprehensible world. Join us in cultivating a vision
where the fusion of technology and empathy results in a
landscape of greater accessibility, dignity, and
empowerment for all individuals, regardless of visual
acuity.
HAREDWARE REQUIREMENT:

 ARDUINO UNO
 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 LCD
 BUZZER

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

 ARDUINO UNO
 EMBEDDED C
BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
ARDUINO UNO
The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of
which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an
ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards
in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version
R2) programmed as a USB-toserial converter. Revision 2 of the
Uno board has a resistor pulling the 8U2 HWB line to ground,
making it easier to put into DFU mode. Revision 3 of the board
has the following new features:
 1.0 pinout: added SDA and SCL pins that are near to the
AREF pin and two other new pins placed near to the RESET
pin, the IOREF that allow the shields to adapt to the voltage
provided from the board. In future, shields will be
compatible both with the board that use the AVR, which
operate with 5V and with the Arduino Due that operate with
3.3V. The second one is a not connected pin, that is reserved
for future purposes.
 Stronger RESET circuit.
 Atmega 16U2 replace the 8U2. "Uno" means one in Italian
and is named to mark the upcoming release of Arduino 1.0.
The Uno and version 1.0 will be the reference versions of
Arduino, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series of
USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the
Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous versions,
see the index of Arduino boards.

POWER:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an
external power source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB
connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power
jack, access it through this pin.
 5V. This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the
board. The board can be supplied with power either from the
DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB connector (5V), or the
VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the 5V
or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your
board. We don't advise it. 
 3V 3. A 3.3-volt supply generated by the on-board regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50 mA. 
GND. Ground pins.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR MODULE

Ultrasonics are so widely used, they can be reliably implemented in grain

bin sensing applications, water level sensing, drone applications and
sensing cars at your local drive-thru restaurant or bank.

Ultrasonic rangefinders are commonly used as devices to detect a

collision.

Ultrasonic Sensors are best used in the non-contact detection of:

 Presence
 Level

Defining sound wave

Sound is a mechanical wave travelling through the mediums, which may

be a solid, or liquid or gas. Sound waves can travel through the mediums
with specific velocity depends on the medium of propagation. The sound
waves which are having high frequency reflect from boundaries and
produces distinctive echo patterns.

Laws of physics for sound waves

Sound waves are having specific frequencies or number of oscillations

per second. Humans can detect sounds in a frequency range from about
20Hz to 20 KHz. However, the frequency range normally employed
in ultrasonic detection is 100 KHz to 50MHz. The velocity of ultrasound
at a particular time and temperature is constant in a medium.
W = C/F (or) W = CT

Where W = Wave length

C = Velocity of sound in a medium

F = Frequency of wave

T=Time Period

The most common methods of ultrasonic examination utilize either

longitudinal waves or shear waves. The longitudinal wave is a
compression wave in which the particle motion is in the same direction of
the propagation wave. The shear wave is a wave motion in which the
particle motion is perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
Ultrasonic detection introduces high frequency sound waves into a test
object to obtain information about the object without altering or
damaging it in any way. Two values are measured in ultrasonic detection.

The amount of time, taking for the sound to travel through the medium
and amplitude of the received signal. Based on velocity and time
thickness can be calculated.

Thickness of material = Material sound velocity X Time of Fight.

LED
LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products
produce light up to 90% more efficiently than incandescent light
bulbs. How do they work? An electrical current passes through a
microchip, which illuminates the tiny light sources we call
LEDs and the result is visible light. To prevent performance
issues, the heat LEDs produce is absorbed into a heat sink.

The useful life of LED lighting products is defined differently

than that of other light sources, such as incandescent or compact
fluorescent lighting (CFL). LEDs typically do not “burn out” or
fail. Instead, they experience ‘lumen depreciation’, wherein the
brightness of the LED dims slowly over time. Unlike
incandescent bulbs, LED “lifetime” is established on a
prediction of when the light output decreases by 30 percent.
BUZZER:

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may

be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short).
Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, and
confirmation

of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

TYPES

Electromechanical

Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to

an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be
connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to
buzz. Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling to use it as a
sounding board. The word "buzzer" comes from the rasping noise that
electromechanical buzzers made.
Mechanical

A joy buzzer is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer and they

require drivers. Other examples of them are doorbells.

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

ARDUINO IDE:

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building

electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical
programmable circuit board (often referred to as
a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to
write and upload computer code to the physical board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with

people just starting out with electronics, and for good reason.
Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the Arduino
does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a
programmer) in order to load new code onto the board – you can
simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a
simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out
the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible
package.

The Arduino hardware and software were designed for

artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, newbies, and anyone
interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can interact with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS
units, cameras, the internet, and even your smart-phone or your
TV! This flexibility combined with the fact that the Arduino
software is free, the hardware boards are pretty cheap, and both
the software and hardware are easy to learn has led to a large
community of users who have contributed code and released
instructions for a huge variety of Arduino-based projects

There are many varieties of Arduino boards (explained on

the next page) that can be used for different purposes. Some
boards look a bit different from the one below, but most
Arduinos have the majority of these components in common:
Arduino IDE Diagram
Programs written using Arduino Software (IDE) are called
sketches. These sketches are written in the text editor and are
saved with the file extension .ino. The editor has features for
cutting/pasting and for searching/replacing text. The message
area gives feedback while saving and exporting and also
displays errors. The console displays text output by the Arduino
Software (IDE), including complete error messages and other
information. The bottom righthand corner of the window
displays the configured board and serial port. The toolbar
buttons allow you to verify and upload programs, create, open,
and save sketches, and open the serial monitor

The Arduino IDE is incredibly minimalistic, yet it provides a

near-complete environment for most Arduino-based projects.
The top menu bar has the standard options, including “File”
(new, load save, etc.), “Edit” (font, copy, paste, etc.), “Sketch”
(for compiling and programming).
CONCLUSION

The "Smart Glass for Visually Impaired Persons" stands not just
as a technological marvel but as a beacon of empowerment and
inclusivity. This transformative project symbolizes a significant
stride towards harnessing technology to bridge the gap between
visual challenges and independent navigation, offering a
glimpse into a future where smart devices illuminate new
possibilities. The Smart Glass serves as a digital companion,
leveraging advanced sensors, cameras, and a microcontroller to
create an immersive interface that interprets and communicates
information. This device is more than a tool; it is a bridge that
connects individuals facing visual challenges with the rich
tapestry of the world around them.